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structural analysis of industries, or effective strategic planning. The strategy process literature is concerned with the nature of the formation of strategy to environmental change. However, the view of a single organisation as the strategic actor is common. The 'markets as networks' perspective emphasizes the embeddedness of an actor within a series of exchange relationships with other actors. In this view co-operative relationships are considered as the norm as exchanges and adaptations take place over time. A key theme in the industrial networks field is that of stability-change. This thesis is the output of doctoral research that aims to explore further this theme by studying the dynamics of strategic response in the situation of a single, predictable, yet discontinuous, environmental change.

B 1 – at first, then, later; 2 – for this reason; 3 – although; 4 – thus; 5 – despite; 6 – since, therefore

C Introduction

Microstructure research has mainly focused on transaction mechanics in the financial. In recent years, scholars have been mainly concerned about such issues, as liquidity and asymmetric information. Nowadays, people generally accept the concept of the influence of liquidity on asset-pricing (Amihud and Mendelson (1986); Acharya (2005)), but the sources of liquidity which influences asset pricing have always been ambiguous. However, the liquidity of stocks partly originate from the information asymmetry. There is some support on the side of asset-pricing that it is affected by information asymmetry. Beaver (1998) divided the information asymmetries into two parts: one being the asymmetric information between investors, and the other being between investors and managers of the firm.

1.19

A Title 1 is best. Title 2 does not give any indication of what the designs are for.

B Reference list 1 is weak. The heading is incorrect. The entries are neither listed alphabetically (author-date system) nor numbered (numbering system). The information in the entries is presented in random order; one referencing style should be chosen and the correct format applied consistently. Library call numbers are not given in any referencing style. The URL alone is not sufficient for online sources. The author's name (where available), the name of the site or page, the copyright date, and the date

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you accessed the page should all be given. See References 2 for a correct version.

1.22

Text 2 is plagiarized: the same sentence structure was used; just a few key words were rephrased.

1.24

B Sample 1 is an example of plagiarism in that no documentation of the source is provided at all. Including a citation to the source would still not be sufficient because the writer has copied phrasings word for word in some places, simply substituted new words for old in others, without altering in the slightest the style or content of the original text.

Sample 2 is a correct borrowing. This version acknowledges the source at the outset and directly quotes a key passage so as to give full credit where it is due.

Sample 3 is an example of plagiarism. Although this version includes a source citation, it is not clear that the whole paragraph is being referred to; the reader can only assume the citation refers to the last sentence. Furthermore, the style changes little.

Sample 4 is a correct borrowing. This version acknowledges the source at the outset and directly quotes a key passage so as to give full credit where it is due. The passage attempts to interpret the meaning of the source material but in its own style.

Test

A 1 – secondary; 2 – method; 3 – discussion; 4 – impact factor; 5 – coherence, cohesion; 6 – plagiarizing.

C (suggested variant)

In recent years the widespread use of the discrete element method (DEM) in engineering has generated increasing research interest across a variety of fields. From geotechnical engineering (Ting, et al., 1989; Ting and Corkum, 1992; Oda, et al., 1982) to and disaster reduction (Bourrier, et al., 2007; Shiu, et al., 2006). As a result of rapid and continuing developments in computer science, DEM is now being applied to modeling physical phenomena and engineering problems of ever increasing complexity.

Unit 2

2.2

B Presentation is a formal talk in which you describe or explain something to a group of people

http://www.macmilla ndictionary.com

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Presentation is the act of introducing via speech and various additional means (for example with sharing computer screen or projecting some screen information) new information to an audience.

http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Presenta tion

Presenter is someone who gives a speech.

http://www.macmillandictionary.com

2.12

A 1 – Venn diagram; 2 – pie chart; 3 – technical drawing; 4 – bar chart; 5 – table; 6 – flow chart; 7 – line graph.

B 1 – pie chart; 2 – bar chart; 3 – line graph; 4 – Venn diagram; 5 – flowchart.

Test

A 1 – make/give/deliver; 2 – presenter; 3 – body, questions and answers; 4 – audience; 5 – bullet points; 6 – visuals; 7 – flowchart.

Unit 3

Test

A 1 – keynote speakers; 2 – round-tables, workshops; 3 – plenary; 4 – online; 5 – call for papers; 6 – parallel/concurrent.

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Supplementary Material

2.

(answering questions)

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β. μ ИИИИИИИ__________

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γ. μ ИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИИ_______

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4. μИИИИИИИИИИИИИИ__________

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5. μ ИИ_________

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