Материал: Empower B1 pre_intermediate workbook

4Do you think I should look for a new job?

5I think it’s a good idea to speak to your boss.

6I’d talk to your parents about it.

7I wouldn’t apply for the new marketing job.

8I don’t think you should leave your job.

6.4

1You’re from Canada, right?

2Elena works in the Spanish Embassy.

3Would you like to work in London?

4We’re having a surprise party for Anna.

5My boss wants to speak to me.

6.5

MARSHA  Hi, Georgia. How are you?

GEORGIA  Hi. Not so good. I’m getting really annoyed with my little brother Jim at the moment. I’m trying to revise for my exams and he keeps stopping me from working. Sometimes he listens to his music very loudly late at night, sometimes he borrows something from me that I need

to study, like my dictionary or laptop. I can’t concentrate on my work for more than a few minutes. It’s terrible.

MAR  You should go and study in the library. It’s really quiet there and you won’t have to deal with the interruptions. I go there most weekends to study.

MAX  You shouldn’t have to go somewhere else. Ask your parents to deal with your brother. Your exams are more important than your brother. Your parents understand that.

GThat’s a good idea, Max. I’ll ask my dad for help tonight. My brother will listen to him. And I’ll also

think about going to the library at the weekend. It’s nice to have a change sometimes when you’re studying. How’s your revision going, Max?

MAX  My problem is I just can’t remember anything from History. I read a page and then ten minutes later I’ve forgotten it.

MAR  That’s not unusual. You should try writing down what you’ve just read. It’s amazing how much more you will remember that way.

GAnd you should also record yourself speaking your notes and then you can listen to them on

your MP3 player. You’ll be surprised how much you can remember.

MAX  Yes, I’ll definitely try those ideas.

GSometimes I even sing my notes. It’s a bit embarrassing, but it will help you to remember

lots of information. MAX  That’s a brilliant idea.

MAR  Any advice to help me understand Physics? It’s so confusing. I look at it, I can read it, I can remember it, but when I think about it, I just don’t understand it.

GIt doesn’t sound like Physics is your subject, Marsha. Perhaps you should do something else!

MAX  That’s not very nice, Georgia. I’m really interested in Physics. I’m happy to help you with it if you like, Marsha. I think you just need someone to explain it to you.

MAR  Thanks, Max. I think that Georgia might be right, but I really want to pass the Physics exam this year, so I don’t have to do it again next year. Are you free this weekend?

MAX  No, I’m afraid not. I need to record all my history notes on to my MP3 player!

Unit 7

7.1

1A So, what’s the problem?

B I’ve got a stomach ache. It’s very painful.

2A When did this start? B About two days ago.

3A Where does it hurt? Can you show me? B Here, in this area.

4A Can I have a look? So, does it hurt here?

B Yes, it does. It hurts all the time. I can’t get to sleep.

5A Are you taking anything for the pain? B Yes, I’ve taken some aspirin.

6A Well, I don’t think it’s anything to worry about. B Phew! That’s good to hear.

7A I think it’s just indigestion.

B Just indigestion? What a relief!

8A I’ll give you a prescription for some tablets. Take two every four hours.

B Fine, thanks very much. Goodbye.

7.2

1Don’t worry. It’s nothing to worry about.

2Phew! That’s good to hear.

3It hurts all the time. I can’t get to sleep.

4Can I have a look?

5Are you taking anything for the pain?

6I feel sick and exhausted.

7I think you’ll need to see another doctor.

8So, what’s the problem?

9What a relief!

10You shouldn’t stay in bed.

7.3

1Do you do any exercise?

2When did this problem start?

3Could you take a few tests tomorrow?

4How many aspirins have you taken?

5How long have you had this problem?

6Are you taking anything for the pain?

7Do you have any allergies?

8Have you had any accidents recently?

7.4

ORGANISER  Welcome to the Lindfield School Reunion – a chance for students who finished school 20 years ago to meet again. It’s great to see so many of our old classmates here and I hope that you will all have a brilliant evening. Drinks and dinner will be …

SEAN  I haven’t seen some of these people for at least 20 years. It’s funny to see how everyone has changed.

SARAH  I know. I was just talking to Stephen Downes. Do you remember him? He used to be really good looking. He was the most popular boy in our class.

SE Yes, I remember Stephen. Is that him over there? SA Yes. He’s put on a lot of weight, hasn’t he?

Apparently, he just got divorced from Jenny Robertson. She wanted him to go on a diet, and give up smoking and drinking coffee. But you know Stephen, he never liked doing what he was told.

SE Yes, I remember! So he hasn’t changed that much then. Who’s that attractive slim woman he’s talking to? Isn’t it Lisa Baker?

SA Yes, I was talking to her earlier. She used to be really overweight, didn’t she? She was telling me that she went on a diet and started getting fit about 10 years ago. She’s a lot more confident now and a lot healthier. She’s just got engaged to a man from Germany.

SE I’m really pleased to hear that. I used to get on well with Lisa.

SA Have you seen Mike Andrews yet? You know, little Mike. He used to be really poor and always wore old clothes.

SE Yes, of course.

SA He arrived in a brand-new sports car. He started a computer company and got very rich. That’s him talking to Laura Docherty, Emma Alexander and Rachel Edwards.

SE Wow! He looks great. And he seems to be a lot more popular than he used to be!

SA Ha, yes. Oh wow, look who’s just arrived! It’s Dale George. With Nicola Walker.

SE Yes, I saw they’d got together on Facebook. It’s funny. They used to hate each other.

SA I know. They used to fight and argue all the time. They look really happy now.

SE Yeah. Oh, and what about Martin Dowd? Is he coming? I remember you used to really like him.

SA Yes, he was very popular. I got in touch with him last month to see if he was going to come.

Unfortunately, he couldn’t. He’s getting married this weekend.

SE Again? Is that his third marriage?

SA Yes, that’s right. Well, he used to have lots of girlfriends at school. I think he went out with five of the girls in our class.

SE Well, some people never change. SA Yes, that’s true.

OAnd now, ladies and gentlemen, please take your seats for dinner.

Unit 8

1I meant to send you an email, …

2I’m sorry I didn’t come to your party.

3I couldn’t phone you last night …

4I had to stay late at work yesterday.

5Sorry, I didn’t mean to make you worry.

6I was going to call you, …

7I’m sorry I didn’t reply to your message, …

8I had to visit my grandmother yesterday.

8.4

1I meant to send you an email, but my computer wasn’t working.

2I’m sorry I didn’t come to your party.

3I couldn’t phone you last night because my phone was dead.

4I had to stay late at work yesterday.

5Sorry, I didn’t mean to make you worry.

6I was going to call you, but I couldn’t find your number.

7I’m sorry I didn’t reply to your message, but I’ve been so busy for the last two days.

8I had to visit my grandmother yesterday.

8.5

MATT  Now on Riverside Radio it’s time for our weekly guide to what’s on this weekend. As usual, we’re going to talk to four listeners with very different interests about what they recommend doing this weekend. First of all, we’ll talk to Rachel from Albany.

RACHEL  Hi, Matt. There’s lots happening this weekend if you like outdoor sports. Rock climbing at the Stirling Ranges has started again for the year. All

of the climbing routes have been included in the new guidebook, which can only be bought at the information centre. But be careful! This is only for experienced climbers. But if water is more your thing, then the Margaret River Surfers will be out on the water somewhere in the area. Where they meet depends on the waves, but all the information you need is written on their website.

MThanks, Rachel. That sounds like a lot of fun. Let’s talk to Gareth now in Perth.

GARETH  Hi, Matt. If you’re interested in Italy and art, there’s the Italian film festival. It includes films which have been directed by many of Italy’s greatest directors and if you go to the art gallery, you can also see photographs of the actors in

these films taken by the directors. The films will be shown at the Luna Palace Cinemas.

MThanks a lot, Gareth. Let’s talk to Virginia now in Fremantle. What’s your weekend looking like?

VIRGINIA  It’s all about the written word in Fremantle this weekend. The annual poetry festival, which has been going for ten years, returns. As usual, the festival has been organised by the Fremantle Young Poets Society and includes something for everyone. The highlight this year must be the performance of ‘bush poetry’ by a group of young poets to music performed by local folk musicians The Western Arc on the beach at Wilson Park, south of Fremantle.

MA beach I’ve been to many times and a lovely place to hear some beautiful music and poetry. Finally, let’s talk to Jenny in Bunbury. What’s happening in Bunbury this weekend?

JENNY  Well, it’s time to get active in Bunbury this weekend. It’s the annual 10 km race on Sunday. I’ve been training for the last three months for this, so I’m really looking forward to it. But if you

haven’t done any training you’re still welcome. Over 1,000 people will be running, jogging, or walking, and I’m sure everyone will enjoy the race, which was won last year by local athlete Jack Harding. It starts at 10 am.

MWell, good luck with it, Jenny. I hope you have a great time. I might come along to support you. So, it

sounds like there are lots of things to do this weekend, for people who want to get active, and for those who prefer to get their brains working. I hope you’ve heard something that you’re interested in doing and, most of all, I hope you have a great weekend.

Unit 9

9.1

1I enjoy studying Maths at university, but I hate taking exams.

2If you take notes in the lesson, it will be easier to revise for the exam.

3I’m going to work harder next year so that I get better grades.

4If she fails her exam, she’ll have to take it again in January.

5Although he got excellent grades, he didn’t get a place at Oxford University.

9.2

AIs it possible to speak to Diane Smith, please?

BCertainly, I’ll just put you through.

CHello, Diane Smith’s phone.

A Oh, hello. Is Diane there, please?

CNo, I’m afraid she isn’t available. She’s in a meeting. Can I take a message?

A Yes, OK. Can you tell her that I called? C Yes, of course. Who’s calling, please? A This is Paul Roberts speaking.

C OK. Shall I ask her to call you back? A Yes, please. I’m here all morning. C Has she got your number?

A Yes, she has.

C Fine. I’ll ask her to call you back. A Thanks. Bye.

9.3

PAM  Oh, hello, is that Tom? TOM  Yes, it is.

P Hi, it’s Pam here. T Oh, hi, Pam.

P Is now a good time to talk? T Well, I’m a bit busy.

P Sorry, Tom. I didn’t catch that.

T Yes, I was just saying that I’m busy. Sorry, but I’ve got a meeting in five minutes. Can I call you back? Sure. Is everything OK?

Yes, fine, but I’ve got to go. OK. Ring me when you’re free. Speak to you soon. Bye.

Bye.

9.4

1The film starts at 8:50. The film starts at 8:15.

2We’re catching the nine o’clock bus. We’re catching the ten o’clock bus.

3My new boyfriend’s name is James. My new boyfriend’s name is John.

4The programme is on BBC 1. The programme is on BBC 2.

5We’re going on holiday on Tuesday. We’re going on holiday on Thursday.

6I was born in 1990. I was born in 1991.

9.5

PROFESSOR  Good morning, Gavino. Thanks for coming to see me this morning.

GAVINO  Good morning, Professor.

PI’d like to talk to you about your work. There seem to be a few problems at the moment.

G Problems, Professor?

PYes. The last two essays that you wrote for me were very poor. I really don’t think that you had read any of the books. And you handed them both in late. I know that you’re very busy at the moment, but so is everyone, and all the other students managed to do the essays on time.

G I’m sorry, Professor. I had six essays to write this term.

PI know that you only finished secondary school last year, but when you start a degree in Psychology, that’s what you expect. If your next essay is late, I

will refuse to mark it. OK? G Yes, I understand.

PYou’ve also avoided coming to my class for the last two weeks. If you don’t come to class, you won’t

learn anything, Gavino. This is so important. Do you dislike listening to my lectures or have you got something better to do?

G No, of course not. I really regret not coming, but I was ill. But one of the other students agreed to lend me his notes.

POK. Well, I recommend reading them very carefully. And if you don’t understand something, come and talk to me. There are exams at the end

of this term and if you don’t attend every lecture, there is a good chance that you will fail.

G Yes, I know. I’ve started revising for them already. P Well, that is good news. I’ve arranged to meet a

group of students every Wednesday afternoon to talk about the exam. I think it would be very useful for you to join us.

G Yes, that sounds really useful. Unfortunately, I play rugby every Wednesday. My rugby is very important to me, Professor.

P And your degree isn’t?

G Yes, that is very important too. Of course.

POnly 25 students every year get a place to study Psychology at this university. You are very lucky to be here. If your work doesn’t get better, you may lose your place on the course. I want you to think

very carefully about what is most important to you. G I will, Professor.

P Have you got any questions that you want to ask me? G Yes. There is something. Which books should I read? P The books on the reading list.

G Which list is that?

P The list that I gave you at the start of the term. G I don’t think I have it.

P So you haven’t read any of the books then. G Er, no, I haven’t.

Unit 10

10.1

1If I had lots of money, I would buy an expensive sports car.

2Would you marry him if he didn’t live so far away?

3If I were you, I wouldn’t go swimming in the sea today.

4If he asked her to go to Argentina with him, she probably would.

5I would come and stay with you in New York if the flights weren’t so expensive.

6She wouldn’t have to drive to work every day if she lived closer to her office.

10.3

CUSTOMER  Good morning. Could you help me, please? SALES ASSISTANT  Yes, of course. How can I help?

C I’d like to return this DVD, please.

SA Would you like to exchange it for something else? C No, I’d just like a refund, please.

SA Do you have a receipt?

CNo, I’m sorry, I don’t. It was a present from my boyfriend, but I’ve already got it.

SA Well, I’m terribly sorry, but we don’t give refunds without a receipt.

C Could I speak to the manager, please? SA Yes, of course. I’ll go and get him. MANAGER  What seems to be the problem? C I’d like to make a complaint.

10.4

1Excuse me, but this isn’t what I ordered.

2Is there anything wrong with it?

3I’ll ask someone to look at that for you right away.

4We’ve been here for over an hour, but we still haven’t ordered.

Audioscripts

5These shoes don’t fit me because they’re a bit small.

6I’m terribly sorry, but we’re extremely busy.

7I’ve changed my mind and I’ve decided to keep it.

8I’d like to exchange it for something else.

9I’d like to return this watch, please.

10What seems to be the matter?

11I’ll give you a full refund.

12Your sales assistant hasn’t been very helpful.

10.5

1Can you check my bill, please?

2Would you like me to give you a refund?

3Did you bring your receipt with you?

4Where did you buy it?

5Could you wait a moment, please?

6Can you take our order now, please?

7Can I change these jeans for another pair?

8Could you call the manager, please?

10.6

ZUZA  Haluk, you buy a lot of things online, don’t you? HALUK  Yes, I do. I think it’s really convenient and

usually much cheaper than going to a shop. You can go shopping when you feel like it and there are no queues to deal with. I’d do all my shopping online if I could.

ZAnd never leave your house! What I don’t like is that you have to wait a few days for what you’ve bought

to be delivered. That puts me off.

HThat’s true, but you don’t have to wait too long, usually it arrives in one or two days.

Z What was the last thing you bought online? H I bought a new coat last week.

ZI would never buy clothes online. You can’t try them on.

HI saw a photo of the coat and there was also a good description of it.

Z And were you happy with it when it arrived?

H Not really. It was the wrong size. It was too small for me and the colour was different to the photo. The description wasn’t very good either. The website said that it was a leather coat, but I don’t think it is.

Z Did you complain?

H Yes, I wrote an email to the company and asked for a refund.

Z And what happened?

H They haven’t replied yet.

Z Hmm. Well, if I were you, I’d phone them up and ask for a refund, and an explanation, too.

H Yes, I’ll do that next week. I’m sure it will be fine.

ZI wouldn’t carry on using that company though. Have you had any other problems buying things online?

HA few. Occasionally things break in the post. And sometimes the postman doesn’t take care of something. I bought a book a few weeks ago and when it arrived it was completely wet. I think the postman had dropped it in some water. But it’s usually fine. I buy lots of books and DVDs online. It’s great, because you can find absolutely

everything. There’s so much more choice than at the local bookshop.

ZYes, but I enjoy looking around the bookshop. It’s really enjoyable.

HMe too. Sometimes I find the book in the shop and then buy it online! It’s often a lot cheaper.

ZHmm, but if everyone did that, there wouldn’t be any more bookshops or music shops. That would be awful.

H I don’t think that would happen.

ZIt’s happening at the moment. Lots of shops have closed down in our town because people shop online.

H Well, I’m going to carry on shopping online.

ZAnd I’m going to carry on going to the shops. It’s fun, sociable and who knows, I might meet a handsome man in the poetry section of the

bookshop. If you went shopping more, you might meet a nice girl. You certainly won’t meet her sitting at home at a computer.

Unit 11

11.2

AGood morning. Please take a seat. I’ll be with you in a moment … Now, how can I help you?

BCould you help us to find a hotel in London, please?

AYes, of course. Would you like a hotel in the city centre?

BYes, if possible.

AOK, how about the Hotel Stella? They’ve got some rooms free.

BIs it near an underground station?

AYes, it is. It’s about five minutes’ walk from Marble Arch station. And it’s very close to Hyde Park. It’s one of the nicest hotels in London.

BGreat. Can you ask if they have a double room for three nights? And can you check the price?

AYes, sure. I’m afraid hotels in London are really expensive. A lot of people think that London’s the most expensive city for tourists in the world.

BYes, the hotel that we stayed in last year cost over £200 a night!

ARight, I’ve booked it for you. When you come out of the underground station, go along Edgware Road for about 200 metres and it’s on the right, opposite a cinema.

BBrilliant. Thanks very much.

11.4

ACan you tell me where the Kensington Meeting Room is?

BYes, sure. It’s on the first floor. Go through that door over there. Then go down to the end of the corridor. Then go up the stairs to the first floor. At the top

of the stairs, turn left along another corridor. The

Kensington Room is the fourth door on the right. A Great, thanks.

11.5

1Go down the stairs to the ground floor.

2Go through those doors and then down the corridor.

3So first go along the corridor to the stairs?

4Could you tell me where the staff restaurant is, please?

5Then go down the corridor and it’s the first office on the right.

6Go up the stairs to the third floor.

7So, can I just check?

8Right, I think I’ve got that.

9At the top of the stairs, turn right and go along another corridor.

10The meeting room is the second door on the left.

11.7

REPORTER  Police are looking for two men who stole money from a cash machine outside Western Bank in Harris Road, Bakersfield at midnight last night. The men arrived at the bank in a large car and crashed into the cash machine on purpose four times. Margaret Edwards is the woman who saw what happened.

MARGARET  I live opposite the bank and was in bed at the back of the apartment. But just before midnight, I got up to go to the bathroom. When I heard a car going very fast, I went into the front living room and looked out the window. I’ve never seen anything like it. The car drove up to the cash machine at about 50 miles per hour and didn’t stop. I thought it was an accident, but amazingly they did it again and again. I called the police immediately.

R What did the men do next?

MThey got out of the car, put on some gloves and tried to break the cash machine open with a baseball bat which they got from the back of the

car. Fortunately, they couldn’t open the machine but then, the driver got back into the car and drove into it again.

R Can you describe the men?

MYes, I can. Fortunately, there were street lights on, so it was easy to see them. The man who was driving the car was about 20 years old, very tall and with very

short hair. The other man was about the same age, was short and had dark hair, a hat and sunglasses.

RErm ... how long did it take them to get the machine open?

MUnfortunately, the second time the machine broke and they could steal some money. Luckily, the police also arrived at this time so the men only managed to take a small amount of money. They quickly jumped back into the car and tried to drive off. But they drove

backwards into a road sign and then, unsurprisingly, the car didn’t start because it was so damaged. So they got out and ran away down Park Avenue.

R Did the police go after them?

MYes, the police car followed them, but the men ran into the park and disappeared.

R I hear that you found something nearby.

MYes, I found a key ring with the name Terry on it and a house key. It was next to the car. I think one

of the men dropped it. I gave it to the police when they came back.

R And what about the car?

M The police think that the men stole it from a car park earlier in the day.

RThank you, Mrs Edwards. Photos of the two men which were taken by security cameras outside the bank will be on the TV programme Everyday Criminals on RBC1 tonight at 8. And now, over to Adam with today’s sports news.

Unit 12

1A I believe yoga is a great way to relax before you go to bed.

BYou’re absolutely right. I try and do a few exercises every night.

2A I think Brazil have the best football team in the world.

BI’m not sure about that. I think Argentina will beat them in the final.

3A In my opinion, Venice is a more attractive city than Florence.

BDefinitely. It’s such a beautiful place to visit. I love it!

4A This is a nicer cinema than the one we went to last week.

B I agree. The seats are very comfortable and the screen is wider.

5A Barcelona is the biggest city in Spain.

B I don’t think so. I think there are more people in Madrid, actually.

6A Leonardo DiCaprio is a better actor than Brad Pitt. B That’s true. He was brilliant in The Great Gatsby.

7A In my view, Italian coffee is better than French coffee.

BI’m sorry, but how do you know? You don’t drink coffee!

8A I think the weather in the UK in winter is much better than in Germany.

BI’m afraid I don’t agree. Here it rains so much in January and February. I can’t stand it!

12.4

1A I think the Amazon is the longest river in the world. B I don’t think so. Actually, I think the Nile is

longer than the Amazon.

2A Swiss chocolate is much nicer than British chocolate. B You’re absolutely right. It’s probably the best in the

world.

3A Russian is a harder language to learn than Spanish. B Definitely. In my view, Spanish is one of the easiest

languages to learn.

4A Everybody should retire when they reach sixty. B Oh, please. That’s much too early! Older people

have so much experience which they can pass on to their younger colleagues.

5A Tablets are so much more practical than laptops.

B That’s true. They’re much lighter and easier to carry.

6A His last film was brilliant!

B You’re right. It’s the best film he’s made so far.

12.5

1A Antonio Banderas is a Mexican actor. B Er, he’s actually a Spanish actor.

2A French food’s the best in the world.

B Well, actually, I think Italian food is the best.

3A I like the American English accent.

B Do you? I prefer British English, actually.

4A New York’s the best place to live in the USA. B Actually, I think San Francisco’s the best place.

5A I think Chelsea will win the Champions League this

year.

B No way! Barcelona will win it this year.

6A Baseball is the most popular sport in the USA.

B I’m sorry, but I think American football is the most popular sport.

12.6

DAISY  So, where have you been in India so far, Brad? BRAD  I flew into Delhi and took the train down across to

Jaipur. I’m going to Goa next. Have you been there, Lewis?

LEWIS  Yeah, Goa’s cool. We’re going to Kerala. How’s your trip been so far, Brad?

BApart from the mosquitoes and the spiders, pretty good. I had a great time in Delhi. I stayed with this Indian guy, Raj, who I’d met through the website

Couchsurfing.org. He was really sociable and took me to some really amazing places.

DYeah, we’ve met some great Indian people. Really friendly and generous.

BYeah, but not everyone. I had a pretty bad time in Jaipur.

D What happened?

BI met these two brothers, Jay and Vikram, in a tea house. Jay was really funny and confident. He knew a lot about California. Viki was older and a bit more sensible. They offered to show me around and they seemed reliable so I agreed. We went sightseeing and they told me about their lives. Viki said that they could

take me to see some tigers the next day if I wanted. L Sounds cool.

BWell, then they started telling me about their business. They sold jewellery. They took me to their factory and showed me around. Then they tried to sell me some. I didn’t want to, but in the end I said I would buy a small piece. They said it would be ready the next day and then took me back to my hostel. The next day I felt a bit anxious, but went to their factory to collect the jewellery. They had made my piece and had made 30

other necklaces too. They said that this was what I had asked for the day before. They told me that I would have to pay 100 dollars for the jewellery. I had only taken 10 dollars with me when I left that morning. Jay said that he would take me to a cash machine to get the money. I hadn’t taken my credit card with me, but I didn’t tell him that. We drove to a bank and we all got out. I didn’t know where I was, but I decided to run away. I started running and Jay followed me. But I was faster and after a few minutes I was safe. I waited behind a dustbin in

a small street for a while and then went onto the main road and found a taxi. The driver could see how anxious I was and drove me back to the hostel. I told him what

had happened and he was quite angry with them. He was really generous and didn’t charge me anything. The next day I took the first train out of Jaipur!

LSounds awful. But hey, that’s a pretty cool story you’ve got.

D Yeah.

BYeah, I know. I’m sure you’ve got some stories. And we’ve got another three hours on this train!

L No worries, mate. So, we were in Varanasi …

Acknowledgements

The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright material and are grateful for the permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible to identify the sources of all the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy to include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting.

The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the

publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate.

The publishers are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce copyright photographs and material:

Key: L = left, C = centre, R = right, T = top, B = bottom

p.5: Getty Images/4FR; p.6(B): Alamy/OJO Images Ltd; p.6(T): Shutterstock/StockLite; p.7(B): Alamy/Gaertner; p.7(T): Shutterstock/Kkulikov; p.8: Shutterstock/Baranq; p.9: Shutterstock/Lucky Business; p.10(TL): Getty Images/Holly Harris; p.10(TR): Shutterstock/Kodentseva; p.11(B): Getty Images/Adrian Dennis; p.11(T): Alamy/Prisma Bildagentur AG;

p.13(B): Shutterstock/Martin Froyda; p.13(T): Alamy/SFL Travel; p.14: Shutterstock/Dolomite-Summits; p.15: Shutterstock/ Adrian Reynolds; p.16: Shutterstock/Monkey Business Images; p.17(BC): Alamy/Incamerastock; p.17(BL): Shutterstock/Sergey Mironov; p.17(BR): Alamy/Paul Rapson; p.18(B): Shutterstock/ VannPhotography; p.18(T): Shutterstock/Dmitry Kalinovsky; p.20: Shutterstock/Artem_Ka; p.21: Shutterstock/Maxim Blinkov; p.22(1): Shutterstock/Sagir; p.22(2): Shutterstock/ PhotoBlink; p.22(3): Thinkstock/Thomas Northcut; p.22(4): iStockphoto/Gsermek; p.22(5): Shutterstock/Elnur; p.22(6): iStockphoto/PeJo29; p.22(7): Shutterstock/Petar Djordjevic; p.22(8): Thinkstock/Olga Sapegina; p.22(9): Shutterstock/ Ivaschenko Roman; p.22(10): Shutterstock/Jacek Bieniek; p.22(11): Shutterstock/Coprid; p.22(12): Shutterstock/ Bernashafo; p.22(TR): Shutterstock/Auremar; p.23: Alamy/ Andrew Rubtsov; p.24: Shutterstock/Blvdone; p.25(B): Alamy/ Jiri Hubatka; p.25(T): Alamy/Kzenon; p.26: Shutterstock/

Radu Razvan; p.27: Shutterstock/Viacheslav Lopatin; p.29(1): Shutterstock/Andreas G Karelias; p.29(2): Alamy/Peter Titmuss; p.29(3): Alamy/AberCPC; p.29(4): Shutterstock/Monkey Business Images; p.29(5): Thinkstock/Slavenko Vukasovi; p.29(6): Shutterstock/Chad McDermott; p.29(7): Shutterstock/ Faraways; p.29(8): Alamy/Geraint Lewis; p.29(9): Alamy/

Zoonar GmbH; p.29(10): Alamy/David J Green - Lifestyle themes; p.29(11): Shutterstock/Dmitry Kalinovsky; p.29(12): Corbis/Ocean; p.29(B): Shutterstock/Monkey Business Images; p.31(B): Shutterstock/Dotshock; p.31(T): Alamy/James Osmond Photography; p.33: Shutterstock/Edhar; p.34: Shutterstock/ Stockkete; p.36: Alamy/Tetra Images; p.37(B): Shutterstock/ Kzenon; p.37(T): Thinkstock/Shironosov; p.38: Shutterstock/ Tyler Olson; p.39: Shutterstock/Alexander Raths; p.40: Shutterstock/Pisaphotography; p.41(BL): Shutterstock/Tyler Olson; p.41(R): Shutterstock/Dejan Ristovski; p.42: Shutterstock/ Image Point Fr; p.43(BL): Shutterstock/Stockyimages; p.43(BR): Shutterstock/Monkey Business Images; p.44: Shutterstock/ Kuco; p.46(1): Alamy/Jeffrey Blackler; p.46(2): Alamy/

CBW; p.46(3): Shutterstock/Ferenc Szelepcsenyi; p.46(4): Shutterstock/Regien Paassen; p.46(5): Alamy/Ben Molyneux; p.46(6): Rex Features/Image Source; p.46(7): Magnum Photos/Steve McCurry; p.46(8): Rex Features/Snap; p.46(9): Superstock/Exotica im/Exotica; p.46(10): Alamy/AF Archive; p.46(R): Shutterstock/Curioso; p.48: Shutterstock/Peter Bernik; p.49(L): Corbis/Reuters/Toby Melville; p.49(R): Alamy/Pictorial Press Ltd; p.50: Shutterstock/Steve Buckley; p.53(B): Alamy/ Asia Images Group Pte Ltd/AsiaPix; p.53(T): Alamy/Photo Alto; p.54(B): Shutterstock/Syda Productions; p.54(T): Shutterstock/ Syda Productions; p.55(B): Getty Images/David Young-Wolff; p.55(T): Alamy/Robert Fried; p.56: Shutterstock/Rawpixel; p.57: Shutterstock/Adam Gregor; p.59: Getty Images/Hill Street Studios; p.60(B): Shutterstock/Kamil Macniak; p.60(T): Getty Images/Stockbyte; p.61(B): Alamy/Werner Dieterich; p.61(T): Alamy/Olga Volodina; p.62: Shutterstock/nenetus; p.63: Shutterstock/Andrey_Popov; p.64(B): Getty Images/Andy Ryan; p.64(T): Alamy/Famoso; p.65: Alamy/Gianni Muratore; p.66:

Alamy/Image Source Plus; p.67(B): Shutterstock/Georgejmclittle; p.67(C): Getty Images/Lyle Leduc; p.67(T): Alamy/Niels Poulsen Mus; p.68: Shutterstock/Dr. Morley Read; p.70(L): Shutterstock/ Prapass; p.70(R): Shutterstock/TonyV3112; p.71: Alamy/Blend Images/Dave/Les Jacobs; p.72(B): Shutterstock/Johnny Lye; p.72(TL): Shutterstock/Lucky Business; p.72(TR): Shutterstock/ Vipflash; p.73: Getty Images/Eoin Clarke; p.74: Shutterstock/ Guidenop; p.75: Shutterstock/NigelSpiers.

Commissioned photography by Gareth Boden: p.19.

Video stills by Rob Maidment and Sharp Focus Productions: p.3, p.12(B), p.12(T), p.30, p.76, p.78, p.81.

Illustrations by Mark Bird p.58; Javier Joaquin p.32; Dusan Lakicevic p.10; Gavin Reece p.4, 34, 35; Sean Sims p.28; Ben Swift p.45, 69