Материал: Kaplan USMLE-1 (2013) - Anatomy

USMLE Step :t • Anatomy

Sertoli cells,

Shoulder, radiological view of, 297f Shunts

in cyanotic congenital heart abnormalities, 204-20S in fetal circulation, 197, 198f

in non-cyanotic congenital heart abnormalities, 20lf, 202 postnatal, 201

Sinusoids, hepatic, 109 Skeletal muscle, 4S-SO characteristics of, 49 connective tissue in,

contractions of, 46, SO crossbridge cycle in, 47f innervation of, 362, 363, 363[ red vs.white fibers in, 48, 48f regenerative ability of, SO

sarcomere structure in, 46, 46f, 48f sarcoplasmicreticulum in, Sl, Slf T-tubulesystemin,

Skin, 149-1S2, lSOf

Skull, foramina of, 32lf-322f Small intestine, 97, 97f

cells in, 99-100

histologic characteristics of, 89 motility in, 97

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), 6-7, 6f hepatocyte function and, 109

Smooth muscle, 49, S3-54, S3f Solitarynucleus, ofcranial nerves, 391 Solitary olivary nucleus, 388

Space(s)

cranialmeningesand, 323 ofDisse, 1 09

perinea! pouches, 273, 274f subarachnoid. See Subarachnoid space

Spastic bladder, 268

Spastic paresis, 367

Spermatic cord, fascia! layers of, 236 Spermatogenesis, 1S9 Spermatozoan, 127, 1 28f Sphincter of Oddi, 108

Spina bifida, 337 Spinal cord, 357, 3S9f

cross section, 458f lesions of, 377-379, 377[ levels of, 376f

neural components/systems in, Sensory systems

neurons in, 359, 3S9f, 360, 364f See also Motoneurons Spinal cord hernisection, 417[

Spinal meninges, 176, l 76f Spinal nerves, 178, l 78f Spine

autonomicnervous system divisions, meninges, 176, l76f

nervesof, 178, l78f vertebral canal in, 176, l 76f vertebral column, 171, 172f

Spinocerebellar tracts, 373, 374f lesions of, 374

Spinothalarnic tract. SeeAnterolateral (spinothalamic) system Spiral ganglion, 399f, 400

492 MEDICAL

Spleen, 70-72, 7lf, 2S3 development of, 243f, 248

Splenic artery, 256, 2S7f Splenic flexure, 2S9 Spongy bone, 37, 39 Squamous epithelium

simple, 20, 2 lf stratified, 22, 22f

Stem cells

in bone growth, 40, 40f, 41 in gastrointestinal system, 94 small intestinal, 99

Stensen's ducts, 106 Stomach, 2S3

cell types in, 90-93

histologic characteristicsof, 89 secretions of, 9 1

structure of, 90-91

Stone formation, in gallbladder or bile ducts, 1 12 Stratified epithelium

cuboidal, 22, 23f squamous, 22, 22f

Subacute combined degeneration, 379, 379f, 380 Subarachnoid hemorrhage, 327f Subarachnoid space, 177

lumbar puncture and, Subclavian artery, 314f Subdural hematoma, 326, 327[ Sublingual glands, 106 Submandibular glands, 106, l06f

Submucosa, gastrointestinal, 87f, 88, 90f Subthalamus, 449

Superficial fascia, ofanterior abdominal wall, 234 Superior mediastinum, 208, 208f

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA), Supporting cells

in central and peripheral nervous systems, 59-60 in connective tissue, 27-28

Suprascapularnerve lesion, 291 Supraspinatus muscle injury, 297 Surfactant, 83, 84f

Sweat glands, 1 55 Sympathetic nervous system, Synovialjoints, 3S, 36f Syringomyelia, 379, 379f, 380

T

T lymphocytes, 67

Tabes dorsalis, 378, 378f, 380 Tanycytes, 6 1

Tau protein, S8

Temporal lobe, cerebral cortex, Tension pneumothorax, 190 Teratoma, sacrococcygeal, 166 Terminal bronchiole, 82

Testicular feminization syndrome, 277

Testis(es), 1 2S-129, 126f, 128f abnormalities of, 277 descent of, 237, 238f

1S6, 1S6f interstitial tissues of, 129, 130f meiosis in, 1S7, IS8f

Sertoli cells and, 126, 129 spermatogenesis and, 127, 128f spermiogenesis and, 127, 128f undescended, 277

Tetralogy ofFallot, 204, 204f Thalamic pain syndrome,448 Thalamus, 447

nuclei of,448 Thiamine deficiency, 447 Thoracic aorta, 207 Thoracic cavity, 188, 188f

serousmembranes of, 189 Thoracic duct, 207, 209 Thoracic outlet, 313

Thoracic outlet syndrome, 192, 313

Thoracolumbar (sympathetic) outflow, 180, 18lf-182f, 342, 342f Thorax

cavity. See Thoracic cavity chest wall, 185, 186f diaphragm in, 222-223, 223f

heart embryology, 195. See also Fetal circulatory system; Heart tube

heart in. See Heart

lower respiratorysystem embryology, 186, 187f lungs. See Lung(s)

mediastinum, 206-212

pleura and pleural cavity, 190--192, 19lf Thrombosis, cavernous sinus, 325 Thymus, 73, 74f, 209

ectopic, 320

Thyroglossal duct cyst/fistula, 320 Thyroid gland

development of, 318 ectopic, 320

Tight junctions, 16, 18f freeze-fracture of, 17f

Tongue development, 317, 318f Tourette syndrome,433 Trabecularbone, 37, 39 Trachea, 78, 209

epithelial cell types in, 79, 79f

structure and composition of, 77-78, 78f Tracheoesophageal fistula, 187[, 188f

trans (maturing) face, in Golgi apparatus, 8, 9f Transcortical apraxia, 466, 470f

Transient cells, 29

Transitional epithelium, 21, 22f Transposition of the great vessels, 204, 205f Transtentorial herniation, 440

Treacher Collins syndrome, 320 Trigeminal nerve (CNV), 386[, 393

nuclei of, 388

regions innervated by, 394f Trochlear nerve (CN N), 385[, 393 Tropomyosin, 50

Troponins, 50

Truncus arteriosus septation, 203-205, 203f-204f T-tubule system, 51, 5lf

u

Ulnar nerve lesion, 291 effects of, 292

Uncal herniation, 440

Index

Undescended testis, 277 Unicellular glands, 23

Upper limb(s). SeealsoBrachia! plexus arterial supply to, 293, 294f carpal tunnel and, 295, 295f collateral circulation of, 295 muscle innervation of, 286-287 nerve injuries in, 288

radiological images of, 297f-298f rotator cuffand, 296, 296f sensory innervation of, 287, 288f terminal nervesof, 286

Upper motoneurons (UMNs), 362, 363[, 364f lesions of, 367, 368f

Ureter, 266 double, 266

embryology of, 263, 264f in female pelvis, 272

posterior abdominal wall and, 266 Urethra, 268

distal spongy, 268 embryology of, 265, 265f

Urinarybladder, 267-268 embryology of, 265, 265f

Urinaryincontinence, 268 Urinary system

blood circulation in, 1 17 components of, 115 development of, 263-264, 264f functions of, 1 16-117

kidney in, 115, 115f nephron in, 117 organization of, 117

Uriniferous tubule, l16f Urogenital diaphragm, 269, 270f Urogenital triangle, 273

Uterus, 144-145, 145[, 272, 272f

v

Vagina, 145, 146f Vagus nerve (CN X), 209

dorsal motor nucleus of, 389 Valsalva maneuver, defecation and, 102 Varicocele, 236

Vas deferens, 131, 132f Veins, azygos systemof, 207 Ventral horn, 359 Ventricles, ofheart, 216, 216f

Ventricular septa! defect (VSD), 202 Ventricular septation, 202, 202f

Ventricular system, 351-354. See also Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Vermal region lesions, 426

Vertebrae, 171, 173, l73f

and spinal nerve relationship, 179 Vertebral artery, brain stem and, 410, 410f Vertebral canal, 176, l76f

spinal cord in. See Spinal cord Vertebral column, 171, 173f

important levels in, 177, l77f ligaments of, 174

Vertebral venous plexus, 177 Vertigo, 404

Vestibular fibers, 402

MEDICAL 493