326 |
K A R L M A R X : A B I O G R A P H Y |
76.F. Freiligrath, Briefwechsel mit Marx und Engels, 1 138.
77.Marx to Freiligrath, MEW xxx 488 ff.
78.Marx to Lassalle, MEW xxx 563.
79.Marx to Engels, MEW xxx 17.
80.Ibid., 29.
81.Ibid., 101 f.
82.Ibid., 102.
83.Ibid., 120.
84.K. Marx, 'Herr Vogt', MEW xiv 599 ff.
85.Engels to Marx, MEW xxix 31.
86.Marx to Lassalle, MEW xxix 562.
87.Marx to Engels, MEW xxix 432.
88.Ibid.
89.Ibid., 275.
90.Cf. Marx to Lassalle, MEW xxx 463 £
91.F. Lassalle, Nachgelassene Briefs und Schriften, HI 263.
92.Marx to Engels, MEW xxx 148 f.
93.Marx to Lion Philips, MEW xxx 600.
94.Marx to Lassalle, MEW xxx 588.
95.Ibid.
96.Marx to Antoinette Philips in W. Blumenberg, 'Ein Unbekanntes Kapital
aus Marx' Leben', International Review of Social History (1956) p. 83.
97.Ibid., p. 84.
98.Marx to Carl Siebel, MEW xxx 593.
99.Marx to Engels, MEW xxx 167.
100.Ibid., 163.
101. Ibid., 166.
102.Marx to Lassalle, MEW xxx 602.
103.Marx to Antoinette Philips, MEW xxx 594.
104. Marx to Lion Philips, MEW xxx 601. See also Jenny Marx to Lassalle,
F. Lassalle, Nachgelassene Briefe und Schriften, 111 295.
105.Jenny Marx to Lassalle, F. Lassalle, op. cit., 11 359.
106.Cf. Marx to Engels, MEW xxx 270.
107.Cf. MEW xv 327.
108.Marx to Engels, MEW xxx 257.
109.Ibid.
n o . Ibid., 258.
H I . Quoted in R. Morgan, The German Social Democrats and the First International
(Cambridge, 1965) p. 6.
112. Marx to Engels, MEW xxx 259.
113. Jenny Marx, 'Short Sketch of an Eventful Life', in Reminiscences, p. 234. 114. Marx to Lassalle, MEW xxx 637.
T H E ' E C O N O M I C S ' |
32 7 |
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11 j. Cf. Marx to J. von Schweitzer, |
MEW xxxii 568 ff.; Marx |
to Kugelmann, |
MESC, pp. 167 ff. |
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11 A. Marx to Kugelmann, MESC, p. |
169. |
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117. Cf. B. Andreas, 'Zur Agitation und Propaganda des A D A V |
1863/64', Archiv |
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fllr Sozialgeschichte (1963). |
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118.On this, see W. Mommsen, 'Lassalle und Bismarck', Archiv fiir Sozialgeschichte (1963).
119.Marx to Engels, MEW xxx 432.
120. Marx |
to Sophie von Hatzfeld, MEW xxx 673. Further |
on Lassalle, see |
S. Na'aman, Lassalle (Hanover, 1970). |
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1 j 1. Jenny |
Marx to Wilhelm von Florencourt, in Vier Briefe |
von Jenny Marx |
(Trier, |
1970) p. 6. |
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122.Jenny Marx, 'Short Sketch of an Eventful Life', Reminiscences, p. 230.
123.Marx to Engels, MEW xxix 130.
124.Marx to Weydemeyer, xxix 570.
125.Marx to Engels, MEW xxx 160.
126.Ibid.
127.Marx to Lassalle, MEW xxx 606.
128.Marx to Engels, MEW xxx 206.
129.Cf. Marx to Kugelmann, MEW xxx 640.
1 jo. |
Marx to Engels, MEW xxx 315. The gap between the lifestyles of the |
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working class and middle class at this time was so great that this really was |
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the stark alternative that faced Marx if he wished to escape from 'bourgeois |
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respectability'. |
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i(i |
Marx to Jenny Marx, MEW xxx 643. |
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i(2. |
Marx to Lion Philips, MEW xxx 648. |
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1 ((. |
Marx to Jenny Marx, MEW xxx 655. |
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1 (.(. |
Marx to Engels, MEW xxx 132. |
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1 (s- |
Ibid., 353. |
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1 (6. |
Ibid., xxix |
374. |
1 (7. |
Ibid, xxx |
113. |
1 (K |
Jenny Marx to Louise Weydemeyer, Reminiscences, p. 247. |
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H9 |
Ibid. |
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140. Jenny Marx to Conrad Schramm, MEW xxix 645.
1 11 Marx to Engels, MEW xxix 285. 1,(2 Ibid., 210.
i.| ( Ibid., 214.
144.Ibid., 248.
145.Ibid., 310.
146 Engels to Marx, MEW xxx 312. i.(7 Marx to Engels, MEW xxx 314. 148. Ibid.
3 2 8 |
KARL M A R X : A B I O G R A P H Y |
149.Ibid., 319.
150.Jenny Marx to Engels, MEW xxix 653.
151. Jenny Marx to Bertha Markheim, in B. Andreas, 'Die Familie Marx in Briefen und Dokumenten', Archiv fur Sozialgeschichte (1962) pp. 177 ff. Bertha Markheim, to whom Jenny wrote this account, had been a close friend of the family since 1854. She had helped Jenny with small gifts of money but Jenny had had to warn against organising more help as 'you cannot imagine how proud my husband is even in such matters' (Andreas, Briefe, p. 173).
152.Marx to Engels, MEW xxix 521.
153.Ibid., xxx 214.
154.Marx to Lassalle, MEW xxx 622.
155.Marx to Engels, MEW xxx 243.
156.Ibid., 248.
157.Ibid., 280.
158.Ibid., 343.
159.Quoted in Y. Kapp, Eleanor Marx 1 88.
160.Marx to Kugelmann, MEW xxx 639.
161. Cf. Marx to Engels, MEW xxx 359.
162.Marx to Engels, MEW xxx 368.
163.Jenny Marx to Bertha Markheim, in Andreas, Briefe, pp. 181 ff.
164.The manuscript was first published by Karl Kautsky in 1905-10 as the fourth volume of Capital. There is an English translation published in 1969.
165.Karl Marx, Theories of Surplus Value (London, 1969) 1 30.
166.Ibid.
167.K. Marx, Capital 1 (London, 1954) p. 15.
168.Ibid.
169.Two accessible books on this tradition are: J. Schumpeter, History of Economic Analysis (New York, 1954); E. Heimann, History of Economic Doctrines (New York, 1964).
170.Cf. K. Marx, Theories of Surplus Value, 1 390 ff.
171. Ibid., 11 573.
172.Marx to Engels, MEW xxx 263.
173.Jenny Marx, 'Short Sketch of an Eventful Life', Reminiscences, p. 233.
174.Marx to Kugelmann, MEW xxxn 573.
175.Marx to Engels, MEW xxxi 182.
176.Ibid 369.
177.Ibid. 193.
178.Marx to Laura Marx, in Karl Marx Privat, ed. W. Schwerbrock (Frankfurt, 1962) p. 112.
179.Paul Lafargue, in Reminiscences, p. 73.
180.Marx to Engels, MEW xxxi 132.
181. Cf. Ibid. 134.
T H E ' E C O N O M I C S ' |
3*9 |
1 Hz. Ibid., 178.
iH( Ibid., 290. 184. Ibid.
I Hs. Marx to Kugelmann, MEW xxxi 550 f. 1H6. Marx to Engels, MEW xxxi 297.
1H7. Engels to Marx, MEW xxxi 303. 1HH Marx to Engels, MEW xxxi 305. iHy. Ibid., 323.
190.Marx's Grundrisse, p. 42. The argument of these nine chapters is summarised in Marx's short Wages, Prices and Profit which, since it was delivered to British trade unionists (see pp. 338 f. below), can serve as an admirable introduction to the more abstract parts of Capital.
191.K. Marx, Capital (Moscow, 1954) 1 19 f.
192.K. Marx, op. cit. 137.
19j. Ibid., 72.
194. Cf. F. Engels, Anti-Diihring (Moscow, n.d.) p. 281. m;S K. Marx, Capital (Moscow, 1954) 1 209.
i</>. Ibid., 217. Cf. also vol 1, ch. 19.
197.K Marx to L. Kugelmann, MEW xxxi 575 f.
198.K. Marx, Capital (Moscow, 1954) 1 269.
199.Ibid., 302.
j(*) |
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Cf. on this topical point, K Marx, op. cit., 1 506. |
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101. Ibid., 487 f. |
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jcu. |
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Ibid., 645. |
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/111 |
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K. Marx, op. cit., 11 763. The fact that this passage is followed by a short |
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section on colonisation is probably due to a desire not to attract the attention |
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of the censor by finishing on too resounding a note. |
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1114. |
It is a |
sufficient indication of the disorder |
of the Marx archives that this |
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chapter |
- some 200 pages long - was only |
published in 1933. It is now |
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translated into English, and there is a French translation (ed. R. Dangeville, |
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Paris, 1971). |
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/. iS |
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See the passages translated in D. McLellan, |
The Thought of Karl Marx 3rd |
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cdn (London, 1995) pp. 108 ff. |
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jnfi |
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P. 245 |
of the French edition. |
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<117 |
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K. Marx, Capital (Chicago, 1909) 111 210. |
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10H |
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Ibid., 211. |
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II Hj |
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Ibid., 249. |
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1 n > |
k. Marx, Capital (Moscow, 1954) 111 245. |
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III |
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Ibid., 260. |
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111 |
Rccent attempts to show that Marx's ideas are scientific have centred around |
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the work of L. Althusser, e.g. Reading Capital (London, 1970). A lot of the |
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ili-bate |
will seem, particularly to the uninitiated, to be peculiarly Byzantine. |
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3 3 0 |
K A RL M A R X : A B I O G R A P H Y |
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For two substantial contributions, see N. Geras, 'Marx and the Critique of |
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Political Economy' and M. Godelier, 'Structure and Contradiction in CapitaP, |
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both in Ideology in Social Science, ed. R. Blackburn (London, 1972). |
213. |
For a short and clear claim for the continued relevance of Marx's ideas, see |
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A. Gamble and P. Walton, From Alienation to Surplus Value, ch. 7. Also, E. |
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Hunt and J. Schwartz, Critique of Economic Theory (London, 1972). |
214.Jenny Marx to Kugelmann, Briefe und Dokumente, ed. B. Andreas, Archiv fiir Sozialgeschichte (1962) p. 193. Cf. also the letter of Jenny Marx (daughter) to Kugelmann in the same collection, p. 240.
215.Jenny Marx, in Reminiscences, p. 233.
216.Jenny Marx to Engels, MEW xxx 679.
217. Paul Lafargue, in Reminiscences, p. 73.
218.Cf. Ibid.
219.Marx to Kugelmann, MEW XXXII 540.
220.Marx to Engels, MEW xxxi 126.
221.Marx to Lion Philips, MEW xxx 665. Marx may just have been boasting here. But he certainly gave Engels good advice on how to play the Stock Market (see MEW XXXIII 23, 29).
222.Marx to Engels, MEW xxxi 131.
223.Ibid., 262.
224.Ibid., 321.
225.Ibid., 75.
226.Ibid., 108.
227.Cf. K Marx, Dokumente seines Lebens, p. 350.
228.Marx to Engels, MEW xxxi 217.
229.Ibid., xxxii 344.
230.K. Marx, Dokumente seines Lebens, p. 352. Any conversion into present-day values must be approximate. Very roughly these figures should be multiplied at least a hundred times to get present-day equivalents. For comparison, an unskilled worker in London in 1870 could earn around £50 p.a. The classical work on this subject is A. Bowley, Wages in the United Kingdom in the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge, 1900).
231. Marx to Engels, MEW xxxi n o .
232.Ibid., 247.
233.Ibid.
234. Marx to Paul Lafargue, MEW xxxi 518. The full letter is translated in
Y. Kapp, Eleanor Marx, 1 298 f.
235.Marx to Paul Lafargue, MEW xxxi 519.
236.Ibid.
237.W. Liebknecht, Briefwechsel mit Marx und Engels, p. 80.
238.Ibid.
239.Engels to Marx, MEW xxxi 409.