Myth
Jonas, The Gnostic Religion.
Jonas is not the only philosopher to ‘update’ Gnosticism. The political philosopher Eric Voegelin seeks to show how modern movements like positivism, Marxism, Communism, Fascism, and psychoanalysis evince what he calls ‘the Gnostic attitude’. See his Science, Politics and Gnosticism (Chicago: Regnery Gateway Editions, 1968) and The New Science of Politics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952).
On Norman Schwarzkopf, see Jack Anderson and Dale Van Atta,
Stormin’ Norman: An American Hero (New York: Zebra Books, 1971).
Mircea Eliade, Myth and Reality, tr. Willard R. Trask (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1968 [1963]); The Sacred and the Profane, tr. Willard R. Trask (New York: Harvest Books, 1968 [1959]).
On John F. Kennedy, Jr, see, for example, Wendy Leigh, Prince Charming (New York: New American Library, 2000); Christopher Anderson, The Day John Died (New York: William Morrow, 2000); Richard Blow, American Son (New York: Henry Holt, 2002).
On George Washington, see Barry Schwartz, George Washington (New York: Free Press; London: Collier Macmillan, 1987). From the
bestselling hagiographical biography by Mason Weems comes the story that the scrupulously honest young George could not lie when asked who had cut down his father’s cherry tree. See Weems, The Life of Washington, 9th edn., ed. Peter S. Onuf (Armonk, NY: Sharpe, 1996 [1st edn. 1800; 9th edn. 1809]), pp. 9–10.
Chapter 4
William Robertson Smith, Lectures on the Religion of the Semites, First Series, 1st edn. (Edinburgh: Black, 1889), Lecture 1.
Tylor, Primitive Culture, 5th edn., II, chapter 18.
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Frazer, The Golden Bough, abridged edn., especially chapters 29–33 (first myth-ritualist scenario); 6–8, 24 (second myth-ritualist scenario).
Jane Ellen Harrison, Themis, 1st edn. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1912); Alpha and Omega (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1915), chapter 6; Epilegomena to the Study of Greek Religion
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1921); on myth and art, Ancient Art and Ritual (New York: Holt; London: Williams and Norgate, 1913).
S. H. Hooke, ‘The Myth and Ritual Pattern of the Ancient East’, in Myth and Ritual, ed. Hooke (London: Oxford University Press, 1933), chapter 1; Introduction to The Labyrinth, ed. Hooke (London: SPCK; New York: Macmillan, 1935), pp. v–x; The Origins of Early Semitic Ritual (London: Oxford University Press, 1938); ‘Myth and Ritual: Past and Present’, in Myth, Ritual, and Kingship, ed. Hooke (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1958), chapter 1.
Gregory Nagy, ‘Can Myth Be Saved?’, in Myth, ed. Gregory Schrempp and William Hansen (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002), chapter 15. See also Edmund Leach, Political Systems of Highland Burma (Boston: Beacon, 1965 [1954]); ‘Ritualization in Man’,
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B, no. 772, vol. 251 (1966): 403–8.
Gilbert Murray, ‘Excursis on the Ritual Forms Preserved in Greek Tragedy’, in Harrison, Themis, pp. 341–63; Euripides and His Age, 1st edn. (New York: Holt; London: Williams and Norgate, 1913), pp. 60–8; Aeschylus (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940); ‘Dis Geniti’,
Journal of Hellenic Studies, 71 (1951): 120–8; on myth and literature, ‘Hamlet and Orestes: A Study in Traditional Types’, Proceedings of the British Academy, 6 (1913–14): 389–412.
F. M. Cornford, ‘The Origin of the Olympic Games’, in Harrison, Themis, chapter 7; The Origin of Attic Comedy (London: Arnold, 1914); ‘A Ritual
References
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Basis for Hesiod’s Theogony’ (1941), in his The Unwritten Philosophy and Other Essays, ed. W. K. C. Guthrie (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1950), pp. 95–116; Principium Sapientiae, ed.
W. K. C. Guthrie (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1952), pp. 191–256.
A. B. Cook, Zeus, 3 vols in 5 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1914–40).
Ivan Engnell, Studies in Divine Kingship in the Ancient Near East, 1st edn. (Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksells, 1943); A Rigid Scrutiny, ed. and tr. John T. Willis (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press,
1969) (retitled Critical Essays on the Old Testament [London: SPCK, 1970]).
Myth
Aubrey R. Johnson, ‘The Role of the King in the Jerusalem Cults’, in The Labyrinth, ed. Hooke, pp. 73–111; ‘Hebrew Conceptions of Kingship’, in Myth, Ritual, and Kingship, ed. Hooke, pp. 204–35; Sacral Kingship in Ancient Israel, 1st edn. (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1955).
Sigmund Mowinckel, The Psalms in Israel’s Worship, tr. D. R. ApThomas, 2 vols (New York: Abingdon, 1962); He That Cometh, tr. G. W. Anderson (Nashville: Abingdon, 1954), chapter 3.
Malinowski, ‘Myth in Primitive Psychology’; ‘Magic, Science and Religion’, especially pp. 83–4; ‘The Role of Myth in Life’, Psyche, 6 (1926): 29–39; Malinowski and the Work of Myth, ed. Ivan Strenski (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992).
Eliade, The Sacred and the Profane, chapter 2; Myth and Reality.
Applications of the theory of myth to literature: Jessie L. Weston, From Ritual to Romance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920); E. M. Butler, The Myth of the Magus (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; New York: Macmillan, 1948); C. L. Barber, Shakespeare’s
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Festive Comedy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1959); Herbert Weisinger, Tragedy and the Paradox of the Fortunate Fall (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; East Lansing: Michigan
State College Press, 1953); Francis Fergusson, The Idea of a Theater (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1949); Lord Raglan, ‘Myth and Ritual’, Journal of American Folklore, 68 (1955): 454–61; Northrop Frye, Anatomy of Criticism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1957), pp. 131–239; Stanley Edgar Hyman, ‘Myth, Ritual, and Nonsense’, Kenyon Review, 11
(1949): 455–75.
René Girard, Violence and the Sacred, tr. Patrick Gregory (London: Athlone Press; Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977); ‘To Double Business Bound’ (London: Athlone Press; Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978); The Scapegoat, tr. Yvonne Freccero (London: Athlone Press; Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); Things Hidden since the Foundation of the World, tr. Stephen Bann and Michael Metteer (London: Athlone Press; Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1987); Job, the Victim of his People, tr. Yvonne Freccero (London: Athlone Press; Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1987); ‘Generative Scapegoating’, in Violent Origins, ed. Robert G. HamertonKelly (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1987), pp. 73–105. Against Frazer, see Violence and the Sacred, pp. 28–30, 96, 121–3, 316–18;
The Scapegoat, p. 120.
Clyde Kluckhohn, ‘Myths and Rituals: A General Theory’, Harvard Theological Review, 35 (1942): 45–79.
Walter Burkert, Structure and History in Greek Mythology and Ritual
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979), especially pp. 56–8, 99–101; Homo Necans, tr. Peter Bing (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983), especially pp. 29–34; Ancient Mystery Cults (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987), pp. 73–8; ‘The Problem of Ritual Killing’, in Violent Origins, ed. Hamerton-Kelly, pp. 149–76; Creation of the Sacred (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996), chapters 2–3.
References
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Chapter 5
On the preservation of classical mythology, see, for example, Douglas Bush, Mythology and the Renaissance Tradition in English Poetry
(Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1932); Mythology and the Romantic Tradition in English Poetry (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1937); Gilbert Highet, The Classical Tradition (New York: Oxford University Press, 1939): Jean Seznec, The Survival of the Pagan Gods (New York: Pantheon Books, 1953 [1940]). For a useful sourcebook on three classical myths, see Geoffrey Miles (ed.),
Classical Mythology in English Literature (London: Routledge, 1999).
Jessie L. Weston, From Ritual to Romance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920).
Myth
Francis Fergusson, The Idea of a Theater (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1949); ‘‘‘Myth’’ and the Literary Scruple’, Sewanee Review, 64 (1956): 171–85.
Northrop Frye, ‘The Archetypes of Literature’ (1951) and ‘Myth, Fiction, and Displacement’ (1961), in his Fables of Identity (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1963), pp. 7–20 and 21–38; Anatomy of Criticism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1957), pp. 131–239; ‘Literature and Myth,’ in Relations of Literary Study, ed. James Thorpe (New York: Modern Language Association, 1967), pp. 27–55; ‘Symbolism of the Unconscious’ (1959) and ‘Forming Fours’ (1954), in
Northrop Frye on Culture and Literature, ed. Robert D. Denham (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978), pp. 84–94 and 117–29; ‘Myth’, Antaeus 43 (1981): 64–84.
See, as classical Jungians, Maud Bodkin, Archetypal Patterns in Literature (London: Oxford University Press, 1934); Bettina L. Knapp,
A Jungian Approach to Literature (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1984).
See, as archetypal psychologists, James Hillman, Re-Visioning
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