Today the British Museum contains one of the most comprehensive collections of art and artifacts in the world.
Упражнения к тексту
I. Найдитерусскиесоответствиясловаминтернациональногокорняи определите, к какой части речи относятся их английские эквиваленты.
Area, museum, location, national, collection, public, quarter, mandate, illuminate, history, culture, generation, gallery, visit, print, instrument, bronze, civilization, document (глагол), hall, sculpture, epoch, artifacts, range, period, mummy, furniture, textile, graphic, aboriginal, section, ceramics, department, reflect.
II. Найдите в тексте синонимы к представленным ниже словам: gathering, show, broad, old, period, humanity, picture, device, devote, native, monuments, exhibits, all-round, location, audience, enormous, adore, register, age, well-known, possessions, lighten, china, fresh.
III. Эпизодически пользуясь словарем, найдите антонимы к ниже-
следующим лексемам: close, infamous, darken, past, narrow, young, uncover, earlier, less, exclude, disguise, disgust, smallest, lost, poverty, far.
IV. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:
1.When was the British Museum founded?
2.What is the mandate of the British Museum?
3.Exhibits of what cultures are displayed there?
4.What does a visit to the British Museum mean?
5.What artistic objects are shown in the museum halls?
6.Which collection of Egyptian artifacts is richer – that displayed in Cairo or the one exhibited in London?
7.What is included into African collection?
8.What items from India, China, Vietnam and Japan are kept in the British Museum?
V. Истинно или ложно?
1.The British Museum is a private establishment.
2.Many outstanding people visited the British Museum Reading Room.
3.The number and subject of the exhibits of the British Museum is vast.
4.The British Museum illuminates only the history of England.
5.Coins from the money collection are sold to everyone but their price is extremely high.
6.The richness of the British Museum is explained by the country`s metropolitan past.
7.Only Londoners are allowed to visit the British Museum.
VI. Представьте, чтовыгидБританскогомузея, ответьтенавопросы его посетителей.
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UNIT 14
ROCK AND POP MUSIC
In the 1960s in Great Britain, in Liverpool a new band was created. It was soon to be known world-wide as the “Beatles”. John Lennon and Paul McCartney were writing simple songs and performing them so brilliantly that they gave a new impulse for the development of the musical community. Other members of the famous group were George Harrison and Ringo Starr. Such songs as “Yesterday”, “Let It Be”, “Love Me Do”, and “Yellow Submarine” made them the most popular band not only in England, but throughout the world as well.
From the British Isles their music quickly travelled to Europe, America and other continents. Early in 1964 what soon came to be called “Beatlemania” struck the United States. For the first time British pop music was important abroad. Such U.S. performers as Chuck Berry and Elvis Presley admired the music of the “Beatles”.
The long hair and tastes in dress of the musicians became popular in different countries. The freshness and excitement of the earliest days of rock n roll and simple but engaging lyrics of John Lennon and Paul McCartney kept the group at the top of popularity charts for several years. They won recognition from the music industry in the form of awards for performances and songs. Soon they became not only popular, but rich as well.
In 1969 at Woodstock, near New York a great rock festival attracted nearly half a million young people. Most of them were hippies, who shocked the world with their beards, long hair, old jeans and their calls for peace and love. They came to listen to such new stars as Jimmy Hendrix and Joe Cocker. They sang about the war in Vietnam and about violence in the world. The music performed at Woodstock had a tremendous influence on the development of the culture of the youth. The young people rose in protest against the mercantile society.
The mid-1970s witnessed great changes in the music. The gentle mood of the 1960s was gone. The music became violent and aggressive. This was a protest of the new generation, not peaceful pacifist protest of Woodstock, but protest aimed at the negation and destruction of the existing order. Hard rock, heavy metal and punk became popular among the young. Such groups as “AC/DC”, “Kiss”, “Black Sabbath” shocked the public by their music and behaviour. Although music of such kind still has its fans, the peak of its popularity has decreased.
Music that developed in the 1970s and 1980s had its own peculiarities. Melodies were simple and often unoriginal, different group would easily borrow the popular melodies written by competing groups. Young people would not listen alone to their favourite bands; they would rather have a get-together or a party or go to a disco club. The new music styles that appeared in the 1980s were aimed at dancing and disco clubs, thus rhythm and beat became more important than the melody.
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Multiculturalism found its expression in the music. In the 1980s young people started to listen to different kinds of music and they were not afraid of choosing what they really loved. No single style or set of styles can be attributed to the 1980s and 1990s. The best world to characterise what was going on in the world of music at that time is diversification.
The 1990s witnessed further changes in the world of music. Pop music became extremely fashionable among young people. Michael Jackson, and “Spice Girls”, and “Backstreet Boys” give an example of what teenagers preferred to listen. At the same time a powerful opposition to the pop music appeared. Rave, techno, rap, chaos, and acid styles were gaining momentum in the 1990s. Young people who preferred this kind of music would never attend a pop show because of a general disgust and hatred for pop music.
Упражнения к тексту
I. Найдите русские соответствия словам интернационального корня и определите, к какой части речи относятся их английские эквиваленты.
Band, brilliantly, impulse, musical, community, group, popular, continent, rock n roll, lyrics, popularity, industry, form, million, hippy, shock, jeans, culture, protest, mercantile, aggressive, generation, pacifist, negation, metal, punk, public, fan, peak, original, melody, disco, club, style, rhythm, multiculturalism, expression, really, characterize, diversification, opposition, rap, chaos, show.
II. Найдите в тексте синонимы к представленным ниже словам: group, excellently, form, universally, compose, outstanding, musician, like, clothes, some, society, prosperous, almost, great, effect, alteration, type, property, tune, stimulus, various, novel, devotee, period.
III. Эпизодически пользуясь словарем, найдите антонимы к ниже-
следующим лексемам: old, difficult, infamous, slowly, unpopular, unimportant, dislike, latest, poor, short, war, hatred, acceptance, construction, light, white, original, lend, finish, worst, unification, grown-ups, always.
IV. Ответьте на вопросы:
1.In what city was a new musical band created?
2.What musical band gave a new impulse to the development of musical community?
3.Did “Beatlemania” come to Russia in the sixties?
4.What did Beatles look like?
5.What for was their music valued?
6.Who were the fans of Beatles?
7.Why are the Beatles considered to be progressive?
8.What trends in music prevailed later on?
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V. Истинно или ложно?
1.Liverpool is the birthplace of the Beatles.
2.The Beatles became very popular because they performed their songs in a high voice.
3.J. Lennon P. McCartney, G. Harrison and R. Starr were called “Beatles” because of their long hair and tastes in dress.
4.The Beatles protested against the war in Vietnam.
5.Music can serve political aims.
6.In the mid-70s the music became violent and aggressive.
7.In the 1970s and 1980s the new music style brought the young people to dancing and disco clubs.
8.Michael Jackson was a member of “Spice Girls” group.
9.Pop music was not always popular with the listeners.
VI. Обсудите в группе роль музыки в жизни человека:
1.нужно ли специальное образование для того, чтобы понимать музыку?
2.Как музыка помогала и помогает людям в годы тяжелых испытаний
3.Популярная музыка: «за» и «против»;
4.Ваши музыкальные предпочтения;
5.Все ли певцы популярных шлягеров являются обладателями долгосрочной славы.
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Unit 15
HOLIDAYS AND CUSTOMS
Imagine you are in a medium-sized English town. It is Saturday morning in April and the market place is full of noise. You hear the sound of music, at least one accordion, a drum, tin whistle and fiddle. As you come closer you see an interesting sight. There are some men dressed in white clothes but decorated in the strangest way with bright ribbons, flowers and small bells. They dance, leaping into the air, stamping their feet, and perform the most complicated pattern of movements. They perform morris dance and what they are doing is anything up to eight hundred years old.
Now you are at the seaside. It is the end of July and the school holidays have just begun. There is a strange little red and white striped tent, and sitting in front of it on the sand, a whole crowd of little children laughing and shouting. They are watching a puppet theatre, Punch and Judy. Mr. Punch in his bright red clothes is, as usual, hitting Judy over the head with a stick, while Toby, the dog, patiently watches.
These are just two examples of customs which, despite television and other social changes, are alive and well in England. There are many, many more, some of them so local that they are only known in the villages where they take place. Many villages have Maypoles which are decorated in early summer and around which children dance.
In the matter of holidays the British are less well-off than other Europeans. Most people have only three weeks paid holiday per year, and the bank holidays put Britain at the bottom of the list of Common Market countries as far as public holidays are concerned. British “bank holidays” are New Year’s Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, May Day, Spring Bank Holiday, Summer Bank Holiday, Christmas Day and Boxing Day. Only when the UK joined the E.E.C. did New Year’s Day become a public holiday.
Упражнения к тексту
I. Найдите русские соответствия словам интернационального корня и определите, к какой части речи относятся их английские эквиваленты.
Music, accordion, interesting, decorate, April, strange, tent, theatre, television, social, local, Europeans, bank, public.
II. Найдите в тексте синонимы к представленным ниже словам: think, fair, near, view, dress, little, difficult, observe, show, jump, alteration, occur, vacation, consider, trample, model, astonishing, doll, rich, national, problem.
III. Эпизодически пользуясь словарем, найдите антонимы к нижеследующим лексемам: village, evening, empty, silence, further, dull,
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