Today painted or built-in pavement markings are one of the most helpful instruments for traffic direction and control. Stripes are employed to delineate roadway center lines, lane boundaries, no-passing zones, pavement edges, roadway transitions, and the approach of obstructions, streetcar clearances, turns, stop lines, crosswalks, railroad crossings, and parking-space limits. Symbols, words, or numbers convey pertinent information such as that about speed limits and the nearness of schools.
Most agencies employ specialized mechanical equipment and trained crews for pavement striping. Some units are capable of covering 60 to 70 miles per day. Hand painting by spray or brush is necessary in tight quarters. Paints are fast drying, but almost all states use signs or protective devices to prevent vehicles from tracking them. In 15 states, motorists crossing newly painted lines are subject to arrest. Normal service life of stripes is 6 to 9 months.
A variety of paint mixtures are employed for striping. Worthy of particular notice is the strong trend toward the inclusion of glass beads to increase night visibility. In 1950 more than half of paint applied was beaded.
12. а) Найдите в тексте 4 предложения, содержащие глаголы в форме страдательного залога. Переведите их, определите время, число, лицо глагола;
б) Перестройте данные предложения в Passive Voice, сохраняя время глагола.
1. A few agencies employ continuous lines. 2. Most agencies employ specialized mechanical equipment and trained crews for pavement striping. 3. Almost all states use signs or protective devices to prevent vehicles from tracking them. 4. In 15 states, motorists crossing newly painted lines are subject to arrest.
13. Прочитайте, переведите и прореферируйте текст о некоторых правилах дорожного движения в нашей стране.
1.A car driver must possess a driving licence and a registration card of a car.
2.It is forbidden to drive in the left-hand lane if the right-hand lane is free.
3.The driver is responsible for the condition of his car; and in particular the reliability of his brakes; the steering; the tyres and the lights and indicators on his car.
4.While driving in traffic, the driver must observe and strictly adhere to road signs, signals and traffic lights.
5.Before making a left or right turn, a complete turn; accelerating, stopping, or making any other maneuvers which may alter his position in the lane, the
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driver must give warnings; by signaling not less than 5 seconds before he starts the particular maneuver.
6.Horn signaling may be used only outside city limits.
7.The speed of the machine is regulated by the driver according to the condition of the road, visibility; intensity of traffic and the number of pedestrians. The speed limit in cities, towns and villages is 60 km/h.
8.At non-regulated crossings, the traffic on the main street has the right of way. At street or road junctions of equal importance, the car coming from the right has the right of way.
9.At any street junctions of equal importance trams have the right of way irrespective of their direction.
10.If the traffic light contains additional lights (except those passing the pedestrians), a turn may be made only when the signal of a green arrow lit up. While waiting for this signal, the car must wait at the “stop” line.
14.Расскажите о своей специальности (traffic regulation).
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PART IV
THE TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGICAL MACHINERY FACULTY
1. Прочитайте и выучите.
winch – лебедка ripper – рыхлитель digger – экскаватор
revolving shovel – вращающийся экскаватор ditcher – экскаватор с обратной лопатой batcher – дозатор
spreader – разбрасыватель сыпучих материалов planner – ровнитель, планировщик
roller – каток
lock washer – замковая шайба lock wire – замковая проволока transmission case – коробка передач
drive gear case – ведущая шестерня коробки передач crank case – картер (коленчатого вала)
cotter pin – шплинт, разводная чека gasket – прокладка сальника impurity – грязь, примесь
utility – коммунальный linkage – сцепление
prevention – предупреждение, предотвращение resource inputs – сырьевые ресурсы
Составьте 3 предложения с новыми словами.
2.Ответьте на вопросы.
1.What information about the transport technological machinery faculty did you get from the first text?
2.Is it interesting to study here?
3.What general-educational and specialized subjects do the students study?
4.What qualification will you get after graduation?
3.Обратите внимание на произношение следующих букв и буквосочетаний.
ture |
[t∫ə] structure, lecture, temperatures; |
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tion, sion |
[∫n] |
construction, automation, conditions, inspection, |
|
operation, transmission, organization, mechanization; |
|
qu |
[k] |
equipment, qualification. |
4. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
THE TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGICAL MACHINERY FACULTY
The students of this faculty are trained in the following qualifications: Construction Machinery, Road-making Machinery, Operations Management and Automation of Technological Processes. The students of the first two qualifications study the types and purposes of the machines, their structure, units and parts. They listen to the theoretical courses of lectures, fulfill lab works, and acquire practical experience in the workshops of the institute and in field conditions.
Each student should study the following types of machinery: transporting facilities (tractors and trucks); materials handling equipment (cranes, hoists, conveyers, winches, loading and unloading machines); earthmoving machines (bulldozers, scrapers, graders, rippers, diggers, revolving shovels, ditchers); stone-processing equipment (boring machines, pneumatic rock drills, stone crushers and mills, screens); machines for preparing, transporting and placing of concrete and asphalt-concrete mixes (mixers, batchers, pumps, spreaders, rollers); machines for motor-road maintenance and repair (planners, ditch cleaners, sweepers, water-trucks); pile driving machines, and repair of the machinery. Each operator should keep in mind that for a long period of use it is wise to have any machine in its best possible condition. It is considered that repairs are only made when occasion arises. The machinery will work properly if when making repairs you replace all locks, lock washers, lock wires, cotter pins and gaskets with new ones. Thereby a great deal of unnecessary work and trouble will be eliminated.
Besides, each operator should know how to prepare machinery for use. He should give the machine a detailed inspection to reveal defects, which have to be remedied before the machine is put into operation; then he fills the fuel tank, taking care that no dirt, water or other foreign substances are admitted with the fuel; then he fills the radiator with clear water, or with the proper anti-freeze compound if temperatures below freezing. Mind, that water without any impurities should be used; then he examines the oil level in the crank case, transmission case and final drive gear cases and if necessary supplies the deficiency.
The students of the faculty have the possibility to get acquainted with:
1) the service and management of technical maintenance of hoist-transporting and utility machines;
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2)complex mechanizations of road-construction works;
3)complex mechanizations and management of road-construction works;
4)automation of road-making and construction machines;
5)hoist-transporting machines, and
6)hydro-linkage of mechanization facilities.
5. Существительные, обозначающие профессии и занятия человека, образуются при помощи прибавления к глаголу или существительному суффиксов -r, -er, -or, -ist, -ian:
Manage – manager, farm – farmer, act – actor, type – typist, music – musician.
Образуйте подобные наименования из следующих слов, пользуясь словарем.
Drive, teach, physics, build, lecture, engine, inspect, art, politics.
6. Подберите к каждому слову подходящее определение.
Construction |
The things needed for a particular activity |
Workshop |
The quality of having none or not enough of smth |
Unit |
Keeping in good condition |
Equipment |
The work of building |
Maintenance |
A thing or group regarded as being a complete whole |
Repair |
Smth mixed with smth else so that it is not pure |
Impurity |
A room or place where things are produced, repairs are done |
Deficiency |
To mend smth wrong or broken |
7.Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму.
1.(There be) several proliferations at our faculty.
2.Each student (to acquire) good theoretical and practical knowledge.
3.All road-making machinery (to divide) into several types.
4.Road-making machinery (to study) by the third-year students.
5.Knowing road-making machines (to constitute) the foundation of their speciality.
6.Each mechanics (to know) how to prepare the machine for use.
7.It is well know fact that the proper maintenance of machinery (to contribute) to the long period of its use.
8.When the need arises, engineer (to know) how to repair the machine.
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