Материал: английский сборник по реферированию

51

17B

c) THROMBOXANE INHIBITION IMPROVES RENAL PERFUSION AND 

EXCRETORY FUNCTION IN SEVERE CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE 

Sergio Castellani, Rita Paniccia, Claudia Di Serio, et al 

 Journal of the American College of Cardiology, July 2, 2003, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 

133-139 

BACKGROUND

 The renal formation of the vasoconstrictor thromboxane A

2

(TxA

2

)

is increased during cardiac failure.

OBJECTIVES

 The aim of this study was to evaluate whether thromboxane 

inhibition

can beneficially affect renal perfusion and clinical conditions

in patients 

affected by severe heart failure.

METHODS

 By oral administration of picotamide we blocked renal

TxA

2

. 

Fourteen patients were studied according to a randomized, double-blinded,

cross-

over design.  

RESULTS

 Daily 24-hour total urinary thromboxane decreased at the end of 

picotamide treatment. Compared with placebo, effective renal perfusion

and the 

glomerular filtration rate increased. In all patients,

picotamide treatment was 

associated with an increase in diuresis. Patients also showed improvement

in 

several clinical parameters, including a significant decrease

in both pulmonary and 

venous pressure.

CONCLUSIONS

 These results indicate that renal thromboxane formation plays

an important role in renal vascular resistance in patients with

severe heart failure. 

Inhibition of TxA

2

 improves kidney

function and beneficially affects indexes of 

cardiac performance.



vasoconstrictor – 

сосудосуживающий

фактор

, 

вазоконстриктор



cardiac performance – 

сердечная

функция

6B

d)

ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS AND RECURRENT URINARY TRACT 

INFECTION IN CHILDREN 

Jonathan C. Craig, Judy M. Simpson, Gabrielle J. Williams 

New England Journal of Medicine, 

H

October 29, 2009 

35B

BACKGROUND

 Antibiotics are widely administered to children for preventing 

urinary tract infection, but relevant placebo-controlled trials regarding efficacy are 
lacking.  

OBJECTIVES

 This study examined whether low-dose, continuous oral antibiotic 

therapy prevents urinary tract infection in children. 

DESIGNED

 A randomized, placebo-controlled study. 

36B

METHODS

 We randomly assigned children under the age of 18 years with 

urinary tract infections to receive either daily trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole 
suspension (as 2 mg of trimethoprim plus 10 mg of sulfamethoxazole per kilogram 

52

of body weight) or placebo for 12 months. The primary outcome was 
microbiologically confirmed symptomatic urinary tract infection.  

37B

RESULTS

 From December 1998 to March 2007, a total of 576 children 

underwent randomization. During the study, urinary tract infection developed in 36 
of 288 patients (13%) in the group receiving trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole 
(antibiotic group) and in 55 of 288 patients (19%) in the placebo group.  

38B

CONCLUSIONS

 Long-term, low-dose trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole was 

associated with a decreased number of urinary tract infections in children.  
 



lack

 – 

отсутствовать



continuous – 

постоянный

, 

непрерывный

53

Желудочно

-

кишечный

тракт

ЗАНЯТИЕ

10 

Выучите

слова

и

выражения

, 

наиболее

часто

употребляемые

в

рефератах

: 

1.

advance (-s) 

прогресс

,  

достижения

2.

common bile duct 

общий

желчный

проток

3.

obstruction 

закупорка

4.

concomitant diseases

сопутствующие

болезни

5.

drug-induced

вызванный

лекарством

6.

duodenal ulcer

язва

двенадцатиперстной

кишки

7.

eradication therapy 

радикальное

лечение

8.

false-negative results

ложноотрицательные

результаты

9.

false-positive diagnosis 

ложноположительный

диагноз

10.

gastric hypersecretion

желудочная

гиперсекреция

11.

heal 

заживать

, 

рубцеваться

12.

hepatitis 

гепатит

13.

inflammatory 

воспалительный

14.

jaundice 

желтуха

15.

make a diagnosis 

ставить

диагноз

16.

manifestation 

проявление

17.

pancreas 

поджелудочная

железа

18.

pancreatitis

панкреатит

, 

воспаление

поджелудочной

железы

19.

perforation

перфорация

, 

прободение

20.

persistent

постоянный

, 

стойкий

, 

устойчивый

21.

preoperative 

предоперационный

22.

relapse 

рецидив

23.

resection 

резекция

, 

иссечение

54

24.

urgent appendectomy 

неотложная

аппендэктомия

25.

utilization

использование

, 

применение

Упражнение

 1. 

Переведите

предложения

на

русский

язык

, 

обратите

внимание

на

перевод

выделенных

слов

. 

1.

Rising 

utilization

 of 

preoperative CT

 and 

advances

 in technology coincided 

(

совпали

) with a decrease in the negative 

appendectomy 

rate for women 45 

years and younger but not in men of any age or women older than 45 years.  

2.

Advaces

 in technology correlated with a reduction in 

false-positive diagnoses

.  

3.

Jaundice

 occurring in patients with 

pancreatitis

 is usually due to 

hepatocellular

injury. 

4.

Common bile duct obstruction

 is occasionally caused by 

pancreatic

 fibrosis, 

edema or pseudocyst (

ложная

киста

) in patients who have neither 

hepatocellular injury nor biliary tract disease.  

5.

Operative intervention is required in those patients in whom 

jaundice

 is 

persistent

.

6.

Mean prevalence of 

Helicobacter pylori

 infection in 

duodenal ulcer

 disease 

was 81%. 

7.

Autoimmune 

pancreatitis

 (AIP) is a chronic 

inflammatory

 condition of the 

pancreas.

8.

The common

 manifestation 

of

autoimmune 

pancreatitis 

is obstructive 

jaundice. 

9.

The main reasons for the poorer prognosis in H. pylori–negative patients were 

relapse

 of ulcer or ulcer not 

healed

. 

10.

H. pylori–negative patients randomized to

 eradication therapy 

left the study 

early. 

11.

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) constituted 1/4th of all 

resections

 performed 

for benign conditions in North America. 

Упражнение

 2. 

Прочитайте

рефераты

медицинских

статей

. 

Передайте

их

содержание

на

русском

языке

по

схеме

.  

7B

a)

HELICOBACTER PYLORI–NEGATIVE DUODENAL ULCERS: 

PREVALENCE, CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND PROGNOSIS—

RESULTS FROM A RANDOMIZED TRIAL WITH 2-YEAR FOLLOW-UP

Peter Bytzer, Peter Stubbe  

 The American Journal of Gastroenterology

, 2001, Vol.  96, pp.1409–1416 

45B

OBJECTIVE 

The proportion of 

Helicobacter pylori

–negative duodenal ulcer 

disease appears to be increasing. Data on clinical outcome and prognosis in this 
subgroup are lacking. 

DESIGN 

A blinded, randomised study

. 

55

46B

METHODS 

276 randomly selected duodenal ulcer patients were studied. Patients 

were followed up for a total of 2 years. Endoscopies for assessment of ulcer relapse 
were done at 6 and 12 months. 

H. pylori

 status was assessed. Study staff were 

blinded to 

H. pylori

 results. 

47B

RESULTS 

Thirty-two (12%) patients were H. pylori-negative at entry. Only 28% 

of the H. pylori–negative patients completed the study, as compared with 40% of 
H. pylori–positive patients. The main reasons for the poorer prognosis in H. 
pylori–negative patients were relapse of ulcer/ulcer not healed (35% vs 26%) and 
relapse of severe dyspepsia symptoms without ulcer relapse (16% vs 7%). H. 
pylori–negative patients randomized to eradication therapy left the study early 
compared with H. pylori–negative patients randomized to long-term omeprazole 
therapy.  

48B

CONCLUSIONS 

Clinical outcome over 2 year is significantly poorer in H. 

pylori–negative patients, especially if treated with eradication therapy. These 
results suggest that H. pylori infection should be assessed in all duodenal ulcer 
patients before treatment is decided. 
 



at entry – 

при

поступлении

b) AUTOIMMUNE PANCREATITIS: MORE THAN JUST A 

PANCREATIC DISEASE? A CONTEMPORARY REVIEW OF ITS 

PATHOLOGY 

H

Deshpande V

H

, 

H

Mino-Kenudson M

H

, 

H

Brugge W

H

, 

H

Lauwers GY

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: September 2005; Vol.129, No.9 

CONTEXT

 Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a chronic inflammatory condition 

of the pancreas constituting 1/4th of all resections performed for benign conditions 
in North America. 

OBJECTIVE

 To review the clinical and characteristic histologic patterns of this 

disease and discuss the extrapancreatic manifestations of AIP. 

DESIGN

 We searched the literature using MEDLINE, related conference 

abstracts, and bibliographies of selected studies. 

RESULTS

 Autoimmune pancreatitis generally affects elderly individuals, 

frequently presenting as obstructive jaundice and occasionally in association with 
other autoimmune diseases. The disease can involve the bile ducts, gallbladder, 
and kidney and can form inflammatory masses in the lungs. A prepancreatectomy 
diagnosis can be made using a combination of clinical findings, elevated 
immunoglobulin G4 levels, endoscopic fine-needle aspiration biopsy, and response 
to steroids.  

CONCLUSIONS

 Despite significant evolution in our understanding of AIP, a 

prepancreatectomy diagnosis remains a problem in the North American population.