7) source, 8) convenience, 9) motion, 10) solar;
а) солнечный, б) движение, в) удобство, г) источник, д) тесно, е) расти,
ж) потребление, з) одежда, и) удовлетворять, к) проблема.
VIII. Дополните незаконченные предложения одним из вариантов а), b), с):
То solve the problem of energy shortage...
а)the consumption of energy should grow; b)there should be no extravagant waste of energy; c)man uses energy to meet the needs of life.
2.In future the consumption of energy will grow
a)because natural resources will last forever;
b)and the products of burning pollute the atmosphere;
c)energy supply is based on fossil fuels.
3.So-called ―fossil fuels‖...
a)have been formed in the earth;
b)can last for ever;
c)are a result of chemical reactions in a reactor.
4.Man must discover and use sources other than fossil fuels...
a)because solar energy provides electricity for desalination of sea water;
b)nuclear energy can meet the world’s demands in fuel;
c)for they are extremely useful natural resources.
IX. Вставьте пропущенное слово:
1.The world is facing a problem of ... of energy.
2.The … of energy is growing.
3.Energy can be … according to its sources.
4.The materials for obtaining energy are of … origin.
5.Wood was the … source a hundred years ago.
6. … gas is a popular source of energy.
7.We can add the energy from water …
8.We must give a serious … to nuclear energy.
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Consideration, motion, natural, main, plant, classified, consumption, shortage.
X. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на пе-
ревод инфинитива:
1. The consumption of energy is expected to grow. 2. Coal, natural gas and oil supplies are said to be limited. 3. Nuclear energy is believed to be the solution of the energy problem. 4. Fossil fuels are not expected to meet the long-term demands in fuel. 5. Fossil fuels are known to have become limited. 6. Solar energy is thought to be a solution to the energy problem. 7. There are serious problems to be solved in the near future. 8. We have nuclear energy to be given serious consideration to. 9. The pollution is a factor not to be ignored. 10. The reflectors to be designed to collect solar energy have been quite a difficulty.
XI. Составьте группы однокоренных слов и переведите их:
Needs, convenience, consumption, development, to need, convenient, growth, natural, to consume, useless, electrical, generation, nature, to use, to develop, to grow, electricity, to generate, useful, conveniently, uselessly, consumed, use, growing, developing, naturally, needless, consumer, electric, useful.
XII. Ответьте на вопросы по теме Energy and Its Sources:
1.What serious problem is the world facing?
2.Is the consumption of energy growing?
3.How can energy be classified?
4.What are the materials for obtaining energy?
5.What was the main source of energy a hundred years ago?
6.What cost is high?
7.What other sources of energy can we add?
8.Are new sources of energy needed?
9.What must we give a serious consideration to?
10.What is a popular source of energy?
XIII. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения:
1. Мир стоит перед серьезной проблемой нехватки энергии. 2. Потреб-
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ление энергии непрерывно растет. 3. Энергию можно классифицировать по ее источникам. 4. Материалы для получения энергии бывают растительного и животного происхождения.5. Это уголь, нефть и природный газ. 6. Дрова бы-
ли основным источником энергии 100 лет тому назад. 7. Природный газ – это очень популярный источник энергии. 8. Стоимость добычи нефти высока. 9.
К источникам энергии можно добавить энергию движения воды и солнца.
10.Нужно искать новые источники энергии. 11. Мы должны уделить серьез-
ное внимание атомной энергии.
XIV. Расскажите об энергии и ее источниках, используя следующие выражения: to face a problem, consumption of energy, according to, sources, of plant and animal origin, a popular source, oil extraction, water motion, to find, to give a serious consideration to.
Тема 4. Nuclear Energy
I. Вспомните, какие русские слова имеют те же корни, что и следую-
щие английские слова:
energy, problem, based, limited, natural gas, hydroelectric, technological, practical, technology, nature, thermal, radioactive, electrical, factors, construction, confusion, public, opponent, reason, reactions, types, operate, principle, fact, safe, transportation, potentially, satisfaction, material.
II. Переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания:
energy consumption, energy supply, fossil fuel, solar power, source of energy, nuclear energy, energy needs (demands), power plant, to take place, reactor core, technological development, air pollution, water pollution, nuclear plant (reactor, reactions), nuclear power plant, steam power plant.
III. Выучите слова к теме Nuclear Energy: rapid = quick – быстрый
tide – прилив, отлив
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benefit – польза
existence – существование
demand = need = requirement – спрос, требование, потребность conventional = usual = standard = general – обычный
device = mechanism – механизм various = different – различный processing = treatment –переработка disposal = removal – удаление
to force – заставлять to cause – вызывать
to consist in – заключаться в...
IV. Прочтите и переведите тему
Nuclear Energy:
1.A very rapid growth of energy consumption occurred in the twentieth century. A major problem is that the world's energy supply is based on fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are limited and their supply is running out. From this it follows that the future of our energy supply must be based on sources other than fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas.
2.Hydroelectric, wind, tidal and solar power require much technological development. New and different sources of energy have to be found and brought into practical use. The problem consists in developing technology to extract energy from nature without causing air, water, thermal or radioactive pollution. The wise use of nuclear energy is based on an understanding of dangers and benefits to our existence.
3.In the near future about half of electrical supply is expected to come from nuclear sources. There are many factors that will determine the accuracy of this prediction. It is noted that the cost of construction of a nuclear plant is high but the fuel cost is low.
4.Yet there is considerable confusion in the public mind when it comes to
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nuclear power plants. There are those who consider it to be a major solution to the world's energy needs. There are opponents with good reason to be critical. In either case we are faced with the rapidly increasing energy demands of the future.
5.A nuclear power plant is very much like a conventional steam power plant. The only difference is that the heat used to run the electric generator is not obtained by burning coal, gas, or oil but from controlled nuclear reactions. A nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclear reactions take place.
6.There are various types of nuclear reactors. All of them operate on the same principle. Yet we always face the fact that the use of nuclear energy requires safe transportation, processing, storage, and disposal of potentially dangerous materials. However the dream of limitless power will force mankind to find solutions to all these problems for the satisfaction of man's needs.
V. Укажите правильное лексическое значение слова: major (1) – майор; мажор; важный; старший, главный;
to run out (1) – выбегать; работать; управлять; истощаться;
to extract (2) – удалять; выжимать; извлекать корень; добывать; nature (2) – характер; нрав; натура; природа;
confusion (4) – беспорядок; смущение; путаница; reason (4) – разум; причина; довод; основание; case (4) – ящик; футляр; случай;
good (4) – добрый; хороший; обоснованный; mind (4) – мысль; ум; мнение; память;
plant (5) – установка; завод; растение; problem (1) – вопрос; проблема; задача; like (1) – любить; похожий; как;
factor (3) – коэффициент; фактор;
construction (3) – конструкция; строительство.
VI. Образуйте наречия от следующих прилагательных и переведите их:
Образец: rapid — rapidly – быстрый – быстро.
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