Материал: ЛЕК_ТЕП_дистанційно_002
Ɋɨɡɞɿɥ Ɍ1 Ɇɟɯɚɧɿɤɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ |
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Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ Ɍ1.28 - ɋɭɦɿɳɟɧɿɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɞɜɢɝɭɧɚɿ
ɪɨɛɨɱɨʀ
ɦɚɲɢɧɢ.
Ɍ1.5. ɋɬɚɬɢɱɧɚ ɫɬɿɣɤɿɫɬɶ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ
Ɋɨɛɨɬɿ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ ɿ ɪɨɛɨɱɨʀ ɦɚɲɢɧɢ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɪɿɜɧɨɜɚɝɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ ɿ ɪɨɛɨɱɨʀ ɦɚɲɢɧɢ, ɚ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɭɫɬɚɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ ɧɚ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɧɿɣ ɩɥɨɳɢɧɿ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɹɤ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɬɢɧɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ ɿ ɪɨɛɨɱɨʀ ɦɚɲɢɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɶ ɜɡɹɬɢɯ ɡɚ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɸ. Ɍɨɞɿ ɽ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɤɢ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɨʀ ɫɬɿɣɤɨʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɭ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɿ.
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɨ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɭ ɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ, ɳɨ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɸɬɶ ɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɿ ɩɪɢ ɜɿɞɯɢɥɟɧɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɿɜ ɭɫɬɚɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ. əɤɳɨ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɨɩɨɪɭ Ɇɫ1 (ɬɨɱɤɚ Ⱥ). ɧɚ ɜɚɥɭ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ ɡɦɿɧɢɜɫɹ, ɹɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. Ɍ1.29 ɞɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɢ Ɇɫ2 , ɬɨ ɰɟ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɞɟ ɞɨ ɬɨɝɨ, ɳɨ ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶ ɿ ɨɛɟɪɬɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɡɦɿɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɿ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞ ɛɭɞɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɬɢ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɿ, ɚɥɟ ɜɠɟ ɡ ɿɧɲɨɸ ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɸ ɿ ɨɛɟɪɬɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ (ɬɨɱɤɚ B).
ɉɪɢɱɨɦɭ, ɞɥɹ ɜɫɿɯ ɧɟɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɪɿɜɧɨɜɚɝɢ ɦɿɠ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɨɩɨɪɭ, ɳɨ ɡɦɿɧɢɜɫɹ , ɿ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɿɜ, ɳɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨ ɟɧɟɪɝɿʀ (ɡɦɟɧɲɭɸɬɶ ɚɛɨ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɭɸɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɩɚɥɢɜɚ, ɩɚɪɭ ɿ ɬ.ɞ.) ɿ,
58
Ɉɫɧɨɜɢ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ. Ɍɟɨɪɿɹ ɬɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ. ɑɚɫɬɢɧɚ 1
ɬɢɦ ɫɚɦɢɦ, ɡɦɿɧɸɸɬɶ Ɇɞ, ɬɨ ɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɚɯ ɪɨɥɶ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɽ ȿɊɋ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ. Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɿɜ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɜ ɡɞɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ (ɛɟɡ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɿɜ) ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢ ɪɿɜɧɨɜɚɝɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɿ ɡɛɭɪɟɧɶ ɬɚ ɽ ɞɭɠɟ ɰɿɧɧɨɸ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɿɫɬɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ.
Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɟɦɨ, ɩɨɫɢɥɚɸɱɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. Ɍ1.29, ɹɤ ɰɟ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ 1 ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɪɨɛɨɬɿ ɤɨɧɜɟɽɪɚ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɿ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɭ (ɬɨɛɬɨ Ɇɫ1 = Ɇɯɯ). əɤɳɨ ɤɨɧɜɟɽɪ ɡɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɢɬɢ, ɬɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɨɩɨɪɭ ɡɪɨɫɬɟ ɿ ɛɭɞɟ ɞɨɪɿɜɧɸɜɚɬɢ Ɇɫ2. ɋɥɿɞ ɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɩɨɤɢ ɞɜɢɝɭɧ ɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɿ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɭ, ɣɨɝɨ ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶ ɛɭɥɚ Z1.
ɉɪɢ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɿ ɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɜɢɝɭɧ ɩɨɱɢɧɚɽ ɝɚɥɶɦɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ,
ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶ ɣɨɝɨ ɡɧɢɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɿ ɣɨɝɨ ȿɊɋ ɩɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɡɦɟɧɲɭɽɬɶɫɹ (ȿ = f(Z)). Ɂɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹ ȿɊɋ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɞɟ ɞɨ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɫɬɪɭɦɭ ɜ ɤɨɥɿ ɹɤɨɪɹ ɿ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɿɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ, ɳɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɨɦ. Ɂɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɛɭɞɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɞɨɬɢ, ɩɨɤɢ ɧɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ ɪɿɜɧɨɜɚɝɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ ɿ ɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹ Ɇɫ2 (ɬɨɱɤɚ Z2). ɐɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɭɫɬɚɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ.
Z Ɇɫ1 Ɇɫ2
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ȼ
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Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ Ɍ1.29 - Ɂɦɿɧɚ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɭɫɬɚɥɟɧɨɝɨ (ɫɬɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ) ɪɟɠɢɦɭ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɦɭ ɜɩɥɢɜɿ
59
Ɋɨɡɞɿɥ Ɍ1 Ɇɟɯɚɧɿɤɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ
Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɭɬɿ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɿ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɶ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɧɭ ɫɬɿɣɤɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɭ. əɤ ɿ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɢɣ ɫɬɚɧ ɪɿɜɧɨɜɚɝɢ, ɭɫɬɚɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɫɬɿɣɤɢɦ ɿ ɧɟɫɬɿɣɤɢɦ.
ɋɬɿɣɤɢɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɦ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ, ɚɛɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɧɨɸ ɫɬɿɣɤɿɫɬɸ, ɧɚɡɢɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɬɚɬɢɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɫɬɿɣɤɨʀ ɪɿɜɧɨɜɚɝɢ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɹɤ ɜɨɧɚ ɛɭɥɚ ɜɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɡ ɰɿɽʀ ɪɿɜɧɨɜɚɝɢ ɧɟɫɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɨ ɦɚɥɢɦɢ ɡɛɭɪɟɧɧɹɦɢ.
ȱɧɲɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɹɤɳɨ ɩɪɢ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɢɯ ɦɚɥɢɯ ɜɿɞɯɢɥɟɧɧɹɯ ɜɿɞ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɬɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɧɨɜɭ ɞɨ ɭɫɬɚɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɜɚɠɚɬɢ, ɳɨ ɬɚɤɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɬɿɣɤɚ. ɍɦɨɜɢ ɫɬɿɣɤɨɫɬɿ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ ɿ ɪɨɛɨɱɨʀ ɦɚɲɢɧɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɿɽɦ ɫɬɿɣɤɨɫɬɿ ɽ ɭɦɨɜɚ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɭɫɢɥɥɹ, ɳɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɬɚɽ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɭ ɜɢɯɿɞɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɧ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɿ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɡ ɪɿɜɧɨɜɚɝɢ. Ɂɧɚɤ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɭɫɢɥɥɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɥɟɠɧɢɦ ɡɧɚɤɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɭ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɢ, ɳɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɽ ɜɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɡɿ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɪɿɜɧɨɜɚɝɢ (ɪɢɫ. Ɍ1.30).
Fɞɢɧ.>0 Fɞɢɧ.<0
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Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ Ɍ1.30 - ɍɦɨɜɚ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɪɿɜɧɨɜɚɝɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ
ɋɬɨɫɨɜɧɨ ȿɉ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɜɚɬɢ, ɳɨ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɸ ɿ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨɸ ɭɦɨɜɨɸ ɫɬɿɣɤɨʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ ɽ ɩɪɨɬɢɥɟɠɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɧɚɤɿɜ ɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɭ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ, ɳɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɽ ɜɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ȿɉ ɿɡ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɪɿɜɧɨɜɚɝɢ, ɿ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɳɨ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɽ ɩɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ:
60
Ɉɫɧɨɜɢ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ. Ɍɟɨɪɿɹ ɬɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ. ɑɚɫɬɢɧɚ 1
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Mɞɢɧ |
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(1.42) |
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Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɟɦɨ ɜɢɩɚɞɨɤ, ɤɨɥɢ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɭ ɽ ɫɬɚɥɨɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɸ, |
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ɬɨɛɬɨ |
Ec 0, ɚ ɜ |
ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ |
ɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ |
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ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɞɜɢɝɭɧ (ȺȾ), ɪɢɫ. Ɍ1.31. |
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Ɂɚ ɭɦɨɜɢ, ɳɨ Mɞ |
Mɫ ɞɜɢɝɭɧ ɩɪɚɰɸɽ ɡ ɭɫɬɚɥɟɧɨɸ ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɸ Zc ɜ |
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ɬɨɱɰɿ Ⱥ. əɤɳɨ ɩɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɹɤɢɯ-ɧɟɛɭɞɶ ɡɛɭɪɟɧɶ ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶ ɡɦɟɧɲɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɢ Z1 (ɩɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɪɿɫɬ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ Z1 Zc 'Z 0), ɬɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɽ ɞɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Ɇɞ1 , ɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɭ Mc ɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɡɦɿɧɧɢɦ. ɉɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ, ɳɨ ɜɢɧɢɤ Ɇɞɢɧ = Ɇɞ1 - Ɇɫ > 0 ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞ ɩɨɱɢɧɚɽ ɪɨɡɝɚɧɹɬɢɫɹ, ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ
dZ |
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! 0. ɐɟɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɢɬɶɫɹ, ɤɨɥɢ ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɛɟɪɬɚɧɧɹ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ |
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ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ Z |
Zc . |
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Z |
+'Z |
Mɞɢɧ |
Ɇɫ |
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Z2 |
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Ⱥ |
-'Z |
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Zɫ |
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Z1 |
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+'Z |
Ɇɞɢɧ |
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-'Z |
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ȼ |
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Ɇɞ2 |
Ɇɞ4 Ɇɞ Ɇɞ1 |
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Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ Ɍ1.31 - ɋɬɿɣɤɿɫɬɶ ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ ɩɪɢ Ɇɫ = const.
ɉɪɢ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɿ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ ɧɚ |
'Z |
Z2 |
Z1 ! 0 ɜɢɧɢɤɚɽ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɢɣ |
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ɦɨɦɟɧɬ Ɇɞɢɧ = Ɇɞ2 - Ɇɫ < 0 ɿ, ɨɬɠɟ, |
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. Ɂɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɜɨɞ ɛɭɞɟ |
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61
Ɋɨɡɞɿɥ Ɍ1 Ɇɟɯɚɧɿɤɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ
ɭɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɞɨ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ Zc . Ɉɬɠɟ, ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ, ɳɨ ɜ ɬɨɱɰɿ Ⱥ ɩɪɢɜɨɞ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɧɨ ɫɬɿɣɤɢɣ.
ȼɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ Ɇɞɢɧ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɟɩɚɞɭ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ 'Z
ɧɚɡɢɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɟɮɿɰɿɽɧɬɨɦ ɫɬɿɣɤɨɫɬɿ:
k |
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(1.43) |
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ɍɫɬɚɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɣ ɿ ɜ ɬɨɱɰɿ ȼ, ɞɥɹ ɹɤɨʀ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɚ ɭɦɨɜɚ Mɞ Mc . ɉɪɨɬɟ, ɩɪɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɿ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɭ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ Ɇɞɢɧ ɭ ɞɚɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ Ɇɞɢɧ = Ɇɞ3 - Ɇɫ > 0 ɛɭɞɟ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɢɦ, ɳɨ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɞɟ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ,
ɬɨɦɭ ɳɨ ɜ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ddZt !0 .
ȱ, ɧɚɜɩɚɤɢ, ɩɪɢ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɿ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ ɧɚ 'Z (ɞɥɹ ɬɨɱɤɢ ȼ) Ɇɞɢɧ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɫɬɚɽ ɜɿɞ’ɽɦɧɢɦ, ɿ ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɭ ɛɭɞɟ ɡɦɟɧɲɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ. ɍɦɨɜɚ ɫɬɿɣɤɨɫɬɿ ɧɟ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɽɬɶɫɹ, ɨɬɠɟ, ɭ ɬɨɱɰɿ ȼ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɧɨ ɧɟɫɬɿɣɤɢɣ.
Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɟɦɨ ɿɧɲɢɣ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ. ɇɟɯɚɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɪɨɛɨɱɨʀ ɦɚɲɢɧɢ ɦɚɽ ɡɦɿɧɧɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ (ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ), ɪɢɫ.
Ɍ1.32. |
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Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, |
ɳɨ ɩɪɢ ɡɦɿɧɿ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ Zc ɞɨ |
Z1 |
ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ |
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ɡɦɿɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ Mc ɞɨ M1 |
ɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ |
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ɜɢɪɚɡɨɦ: |
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Mɞɢɧ |
'Mɞ 'Mɫ |
Eɞ'Z Ec'Z, |
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ɞɟ - 'Ɇɞ = Ɇ1 |
- Ɇɞ |
; 'Ɇc = Ɇ2 |
- Ɇɫ ; |
Eɞ |
' Mɞ |
; Ec |
' Mc |
, ɩɪɢɱɨɦɭ, ɜ |
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ɞɚɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ 'Mɞ |
'Mc , ɨɬɠɟ, ɤɨɟɮɿɰɿɽɧɬ ɫɬɿɣɤɨɫɬɿ: |
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kɫɬ |
Mɞɢɧ |
Eɞ Ec |
'Z |
Eɞ Ec |
0. |
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62