History never stops … Trying to stop it is like trying to stop geography.
Augusto Monterroso, 1921-2003, Guatemalan writer
ЗАДАНИЕ 1. Прочитайте интернациональные слова и определите их значения.
nations, voluntarily, Slavs, farmers, hordes, heroic, commerce, empire, university, republic, national, attack
ЗАДАНИЕ 2. Прочитайте следующие имена собственные и дайте их русские эквиваленты.
Russia, Eastern Slavs, Ukrainian, Byelorussia peoples, Moscow, Eastern Europe, Kiev Russ, Mongol-Tartar hordes, Russian Empire, St. Petersburg, the Great Patriotic War, the Second World War, the Victory Day
ЗАДАНИЕ 3. Прочитайте следующие числительные с существительными. Переведите их на русский язык.
the 9th century, the 13th century, 250 years, 1480, the 14th century, 1564, 1755, 1917, 1922, 1941, 1945, the 9th of May
ЗАДАНИЕ 5. Познакомьтесь со словами и словосочетаниями, которые помогут вам понять текст:
1) to join – присоединяться
Some nations voluntarily joined Russia.
2) to conquer – завоевывать
3) force – сила
Some nations were conquered by force.
4) forefather – предок
Eastern Slavs were forefathers of the Russian, Ukrainian and Byelorussian peoples.
5) to dwell – жить
Eastern Slavs dwelled in Eastern Europe.
6) slim – стройный
7) fair-haired – светловолосый
Slavs were slim, fair-haired people.
8) a shepherd – пастух
9) a hunter – охотник
Slavs were hunters, shepherds.
10) a log – бревно
11) to roof – крыть (дом)
12) straw – солома
The houses of the Slavs were put together with logs and roofed with wood or straw.
13) a hearth – очаг
A hearth was built of stones.
14) a chimney – труба, дымоход
There was no chimney.
15) a bench – скамья
Along the walls wooden benches stood.
16) an invader – захватчик
Russia fought against the invaders.
17) to overthrow – свергать
In 1480 the Mongol-Tatar rule was overthrown.
18) to save – спасать
Europe was saved from the invasion.
19) to print – печатать
I. Fyodorov printed Russia’s first book.
20) entire – весь
The entire people fought against the enemy.
21) troops – войска
Soviet troops won the Second World War.
ЗАДАНИЕ 6. Прочитайте текст к теме «История России».
Russia is a very old state. It was built up over several centuries. Some nations voluntarily joined Russia, others were conquered by force. Long ago the Eastern Slavs, forefathers of the Russian, Ukrainian and Byelorussian peoples, dwelled in Eastern Europe. They were slim, fair-haired people. The ancient Slavs were farmers, hunters, fishermen, shepherds. Their life was hard. They had to work a great deal and often had to fight. The houses of the Slavs were put together with logs and roofed with wood or straw. The windows were right down by the ground. The floor was of earth. In one corner a hearth was built of stones. The smoke from the fire escaped through the doorway as there was no chimney. Along the walls wooden benches stood.
In the 9th century the first big state of the Eastern Slavs – Kiev Russ – was founded. In the 13th century Russia was conquered by the Mongol-Tartar hordes. For 250 long years Russia fought against the invaders and in 1480 the Mongol-Tartar rule was overthrown. Thanks to the Russian peoples heroic fight Europe was saved from this terrible invasion.
In the 14th century Moscow became the capital of the new state. In 1564 Ivan Fyodorov printed Russia’s first book. Great changes took place in the state during the reign of Peter the Great.
Commerce and trade with other countries developed. The country’s strength grew and it came to be known as the Russian Empire. Peter I established the new capital of Russia St. Petersburg. The founding of the first University in Moscow in 1755, by the great scholar Mikhail Lomonosov, was a great event in the history of Russia.
In 1917 the revolution happened and in 1922 Russia became one of the republics of the new state – the Soviet Union.
In 1941 Nazi Germany attacked the country and the entire people were fighting against the enemy during the Great Patriotic War. In 1945 Soviet troops with US, British and French troops won the Second World War. The Victory Day on the 9th of May has now become our national holiday.
ЗАДАНИЕ 7. Пользуясь текстом, подберите английские эквиваленты следующим словам и словосочетаниям.
a) добровольно присоединились b) силой c) много работать d) вдоль стен e) покрытые древесиной или соломой f) выходил через дверь g) благодаря j) во время правления |
1) along the walls 2) to work a great deal 3) during the reign 4) voluntarily joined 5) roofed with wood or straw 6) scholar 7) by force 8) escaped through the doorway 9) thanks to |
ЗАДАНИЕ 8. Скажите, в связи, с чем в тексте приводятся следующие цифры:
several centuries, the 9th century, the 13th century, 1480, the 14th century, 1564, 1755, 1922, 1945
Russia was built up several centuries.
In the 9th century Kiev Russ – the first state of the Eastern Slavs – was founded.
In the 13th century Russia was conquered by Mongol-Tartar hordes.
In 1480 the Mongol-Tartar rule was overthrown.
In the 14th century Moscow became the capital of Russia.
In 1564 Ivan Fyodorov printed Russia’s first book.
In 1755 the first University in Moscow was founded.
In 1922 Russia became one of the republics of the new state – the Soviet Union.
In 1945 Soviet people won the Great Patriotic War.
ЗАДАНИЕ 9. Выбрав правильный вариант, закончите следующие предложения:
1. Russia was built up … a) several centuries; b) hundred years ago.
2. The Eastern Slavs dwelled in … a) Western; b) Eastern Europe.
3. They were …a) fair-haired; b) dark-haired people.
4. The houses of the Slavs were put together with …a) logs; b) bricks.
5. The houses were roofed with … a) tiling; b) straw.
ЗАДАНИЕ 10. Читайте текст, вставляя пропущенные слова, выберите те, которые соответствуют тексту:
The ancient Slavs |
dwelled lived stayed |
in the houses which were built with |
logs bricks concrete |
and roofed |
|
with |
wood tiling straw. |
The floor was of |
earth |
A hearth was |
constructed |
of stones |
|
|
|
parquet linoleum. |
|
made built |
timber metal. |
|
|
Unit 5
A man travels the world in search of what he needs and returns home to find it.
George Moore, 1852-1933, Irish novelist
ЗАДАНИЕ 1. Прочитайте интернациональные слова и определите их значения, обращая внимание на части речи:
а) существительные: continent, ocean, channel, climate, topic, area, producer, exporter, machinery, electronics, navigation equipment, constitutional monarchy, population, function, banker, industrialist
б) прилагательные: official, total
в) глагол: abbreviate, separate, vary, start, contain
ЗАДАНИЕ 2. Прочитайте следующие географические названия.
The United Kingdom – Соединенное Королевство
Great Britain - Великобритания
Northern Ireland – Северная Ирландия
Scotland – Шотландия
Wales – Уэльс
The English Channel – пролив Ла-Манш
The Strait of Dover – пролив Па-де-Кале
The Thames – река Темза
The Severn – река Северн
Gulf Stream – Гольфстрим
Lake District – Озерный край
British Isles – Британские острова
The Highlands – Северо-шотландское нагорье
The Lowlands – Шотландская низменность
ЗАДАНИЕ 3. Прочитайте следующие имена собственные.
The House of Lords – палата Лордов
The House of Commons – палата Общин
Church of England – англиканская церковь
The Conservative Party - консервативная партия
The Labour Parties – лейбористская партия
The Liberal Party – либеральная партия
ЗАДАНИЕ 4. а) Прочитайте следующие числительные с существительными. Переведите их на русский язык.
244,000 square kilometers, four countries, 32 km wide, 58 million inhabitants, 46 million people, 15 lakes, eighty per cent, two chambers, 651 members, 20 ministers, 2000 museums
Найдите в тексте и составьте предложения с данными числительными.
Например: Britain’s total area is 244,000 square kilometers.
ЗАДАНИЕ 5. Вставьте предлоги.
1. The United Kingdom ... Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
2. The UK is made up ... England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
3. The UK consists ... about 70 counties.
4. The UK is situated … the British Isles.
5. The country is washed … the Atlantic Ocean.
6. The warm waters … Gulf Stream.
7. A fine morning can change … a wet afternoon.
8. The highest legislative power belongs … Parliament.
9. The UK is famous … its industry.
ЗАДАНИЕ 6. Напишите следующие числительные цифрами:
two hundred forty four thousand, one point three million, five point six hundred, two hundred thousand, one hundred and ninety thousand, one hundred and ninety five thousand, three million six thousand, five hundred and five, three million two hundred thousand
ЗАДАНИЕ 7. Напишите следующие числительные словами:
6,500; 25,000; 137,865,773; 244,000; 651; 2000; 190, 000; 1/3
ЗАДАНИЕ 8. Подберите русские соответствия английским словам, данным под чертой.
the ruling party, is often abbreviated, playwright, comprising, inhabitants, temperate and mild, trading nation, bishop, law-making, holiday resort, greet, peers, all over the year round, urban
драматург, страна торговый партнер, правящая партия, курорт, круглый год, часто сокращается, жители, епископ, здороваться, включающий, законотворчество, умеренный и мягкий, городской, лорды
ЗАДАНИЕ 9. Подберите соответствия географическим названиям.
Great Britain over five hundred small islands
The United Kingdom England, Scotland, Wales
British Isle England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland
ЗАДАНИЕ 10. Познакомьтесь со словами и словосочетаниями, которые помогут вам понять текст “Britain’:
1) surface – поверхность
The surface of the British Isles varies very much.
2) valley - долина
3) plain - равнина
The south has beautiful valleys and plains.
4) changeable – переменный, изменчивый
The weather in Britain is very changeable.
5) the highest legislative power – высшая законодательная власть
The highest legislative power belongs to Parliament.
6) a chamber – палата
Parliament consists of two chambers.
7) inherited – наследственный
Peers have inherited titles.
8) to appoint - назначать
Peers are appointed for life.
9) a newspaper proprietor – владелец газеты
10) an industrialist – промышленник, предприниматель
Lords include newspaper proprietors and industrialists.
11) the highest executive power – высшая исполнительная власть
The highest executive power belongs to the Government.
12) the majority – большинство
The government is formed by the party that receives the majority in the House of Commons.
13) a highly developed industrialized country – высокоразвитая промышленная страна
The UK is a highly developed industrialized country.
14) heavy and light engineering – тяжелое и легкое машиностроение
The country is famous for its heavy and light engineering.
ЗАДАНИЕ 11. Прочитайте текст к теме «Великобритания».