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for lumber, plywood and construction timber. Next in order are the cedars. Their wood is light and resistant to decay. In vergin forests they reach heights of 150 – 200 feet and diameters of 8 to 10 feet. Their wood is used for lumber, poles and posts.
Finally there are the birches. Most distributed is the white birch which grows widely throughout Canada. The most important hardwood tree in eastern Canada is the yellow birch. Its wood is much in demand for flooring, furniture veneer and railroad ties.
Canada is indeed fortunate to possess such a variety of useful tree species. The pine and spruce in the east, and Douglas fir, cedar and hemlock in British Columbia have won for Canada its position as the world’s leading nation in forest products trade.
Mind the vocabulary:
Pulpwood – бумажно-целлюлозная древесина
Plywood - (клееная) фанера
balsam fir – пихта бальзамическая
cedar - кедр
yellow birch – береза желтая
Tasks:
1.Mind the black words in the text, consult a dictionary to translate/pronounce them correctly.
2.Now read the text and translate it. Translate passages 1, 3 in the written
form.
3.Divide the black words into 3 groups – nouns (group 1) – verb (group 2) –
adjective (group 3).
4.Make 4 word combinations with the black words from the text.
5.What are the answers to these questions:
What is the text about?
What does passage 1 speak about?
How will you define the key idea of passage 2?
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Does the last passage give the same information as the last but one passage?
6.Find the key idea of every passage, put them in order to make the plan of the text.
7.Make the summary of the text paying attention to these standard phrases:
The text is about/the text speaks about …
First, we can read/learn about …
The next part/passage describes …
The last part/passage informs us about …
Text 6.
SILVICULTURE AS THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
OF CARING FOR NATURAL RESOURCES
The future productivity of our forests depends on careful selection of tree seed sources to match the local soil and climatic conditions of each forest. The objective is to select species and seed sources which will yield high volumes of timber and superior tree form while maintaining wood properties and disease resistance.
Forestry makes an important contribution to a productive and flourishing countryside and rural welfare. Forest and woodland have the special capacity to provide recreation benefits and absorb the pressures of large numbers of visitors. Public recreation must be a part of forest management.
Silviculture is the art of reproducing and tending forest growth, it includes the technique of starting new forests and caring for them through all stages to maturity.
Regeneration of woods may be accomplished by creating conditions for establishing new stands either by natural seeding or by a new crop of tree sprouts; again, new woodlands may be established by planting small trees grown in forest nurseries. As stands develop, numerous types of cultural measures are desirables, cutting made in immature stands are termed intermediate cutting; these made in the mature woods are called final cuttings.
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The treatment of a wood that is managed for the production of useful wood products varies considerably from the treatment where the aim is one of encouraging of wildlife or of protecting human habitations from climatic extremes. But it is easily possible in any woods to meet all objectives by a well-coordinated plan of silvicultural treatment.
The application of silvicultural treatment demands a knowledge of the many environmental factors that influence the growth of species, an understanding of the ways in which trees live and grow in association of the worth of the individual species that are adaptable to local conditions.
Mind the vocabulary:
Recreation - отдых
Silviculture – профессиональное лесоводство
forest nurseries - лесопитомники
intermediate cutting – промежуточная рубка
Tasks:
1.Mind the black words in the text, consult a dictionary to translate/pronounce them correctly.
2.Now read the text and translate it. Translate passages 1, 3 in the written
form.
3.Divide the black words into 3 groups – nouns (group 1) – verb (group 2) –
adjective (group 3).
4. Make 4 word combinations with the black words from the text.
5.What are the answers to these questions: What is the text about?
What does passage 1 speak about?
How will you define the key idea of passage 2?
Does the last passage give the same information as the last but one passage?
6.Find the key idea of every passage, put them in order to make the plan of the text.
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7. Make the summary of the text paying attention to these standard phrases:
The text is about/the text speaks about …
First, we can read/learn about …
The next part/passage describes …
The last part/passage informs us about …
Text 7.
EXOTIC PLANTS OF FIVE CONTINENTS
The Director of the Kolomna forest farm Alexei Popov has grown on the Moscow Region soil over 90 species from all corners of the globe.
If trees could speak the capricious in forest growing Weymouth pine would be the first to say “thanks” to Alexei Popov. It would probably be followed by Amur cork tree, cembra pine, English oak, horse chestnut – all those were cherished by the Director of the Kolomna Forest farm.
Four hectares of former pasture land have accomodated about 90 hardy-shrub species from all over the world. They started with common pine but it proved to be the most unlucky species in the park. All because of moose. For decades these animals were number one danger for coniferous plants, eating green pine outgrowth to the root. But forest farmers managed to vindicate pine from moose.
Much greater menace for this unique natural corner was posed by “black lumbermen”, reckless hikers, mushroom collecters or just ... thieves.
The arboretum was once inhabited by a native Canadian fir, or dwarf spruce. A grace itself, it had an extremely tight, strictly pyramidal shape. But the green beauty ... was stolen on a New Year Eve.
Today the arboretum is the home of a few species of larch, spruce, maple, and oak, hornbeam, thuja, ever-green cypress. Weymouth pine, the pride of the arboretum, was very hard to naturalize in the Moscoe area.
The initial plan was to plant about 100 species from all continents. Today this plan is accomplished by 90 percent – some plants failed to naturalize.
Mind the vocabulary:
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Amur cork tree – Амурское пробковое дерево cembra pine -
English oak – дуб черешчатый
horse chestnut – каштан конский обыкновенный mooseамериканский лось
hornbeam - граб
to naturalize – акклиматизироваться
Tasks:
1.Mind the black words in the text, consult a dictionary to translate/pronounce them correctly.
2.Now read the text and translate it. Translate passages 1, 3 in the written
form.
3.Divide the black words into 3 groups – nouns (group 1) – verb (group 2) –
adjective (group 3).
4. Make 4 word combinations with the black words from the text.
5.What are the answers to these questions: What is the text about?
What does passage 1 speak about?
How will you define the key idea of passage 2?
Does the last passage give the same information as the last but one passage?
6.Find the key idea of every passage, put them in order to make the plan of the text.
7.Make the summary of the text paying attention to these standard phrases:
The text is about/the text speaks about …
First, we can read/learn about …
The next part/passage describes …