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2.It acts as an anesthetic on the central nervous system, slowing down her work, and reducing efficiency.
3.In a large reception alcohol body loses more water than receive, and the cells are dehydrated.
4.After a large dose of alcohol for about two-thirds of the liver can lead to failure, but the work of the liver is usually fully restored within a few days.
Physiological alcohol effects are really horrified. I offer to acquaint with what alcohol can do with our organism.
Blood. Alcohol inhibits production of platelets, and white and red blood cells. The result of alcohol using can be anemia, infections, bleeding.
Brain. Alcohol slows down the circulation of the blood vessels in the brain, leading to a constant oxygen starvation of the cells, resulting in a weakening of memory and is slow mental degradation. In vessels develop early sclerotic changes, and increases the risk of a brain hemorrhage. This sometimes leads to pneumonia, cardiac and renal insufficiency or organic psychosis. Alcohol destroys connection between brain cells and as result alcohol dependence is developed.
Heart. Alcohol abuse is increasing the level of cholesterol in the blood, persistent hypertension and myocardial dystrophy. Cardiovascular failure puts the patient at the graveside
Bowels. Constant alcohol influence brings to changes of cell structure in result we have organism depleting.
Liver. Given that 95% of alcohol entering the body cleared in the liver, it is clear that the liver suffer from alcohol most of all. There is inflammation (hepatitis), and then cicatrices degeneration (cirrhosis). Liver to perform its function in the decontamination of toxic products of the exchange, development of blood proteins and other important functions, which leads to the inevitable death of the patient.
Pancreas. Alcohol destroys pancreas and as consequence metabolic disease.
Skin looks older than his years: his skin quickly loses its elasticity and aging prematurely.
Stomach. Alcohol suppresses the production of mucins, a protective function in relation to the gastric mucosa, which leads to ulcer disease.1
Nicotine on its toxicity does not yield prussic acid, and the lethal dose of nicotine acts on the adult killer in the same period of time, and that the same dose of prussic acid. Cigar weighing 6 g contains 0.3 g of nicotine. If a cigar to swallow an adult, he may die, 20 cigars or 100 cigarettes a day may be smoking also result in death. Interestingly, the leech, put a lot of smokers will soon fall off into convulsions and dies from the sucked human blood that contains nicotine.
Mental and physical condition of smoking, as well as the situation in which smoking occurs, can cause feelings of relaxation, and cheerfulness. In stressful situations applies cigarette calming and relaxation in a situation like stimulant. As soon as the body will get used to a certain level of nicotine in the blood, it will seek to maintain it.
Nicotine affects on endocrine glands, in particular the adrenal glands, which with the release into the blood of harmony - Adrenaline, causing spasm of vessels, increased blood pressure and increased heart rate.
Cancer in smokers occurs in people 20 times more likely than the nonsmokers.
Smoking may be the primary cause of persistent spasm of vessels of lower extremities, striking mainly men. This disorder leads to eating disorders, gangrene and ultimately to amputation of lower limbs.
1 http://otherreferats.allbest.ru/medicine/00008970_0.html
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Smoking affects the work of the lungs. They cannot fully perform its primary function - breath and exhale, as formed during the combustion of oil, which eventually settles in the lungs and they become less flexible.
Approximately 25% of regular cigarette smokers will die prematurely because of smoking. Many of them could survive for 10, 20 or 30 years longer.1
Drug abuse - a serious disease caused by drug abuse. It applies a constant need for acceptance of drugs, because mental and physical condition of the sick depends on whether it is medicine, which developed a habit. Drug addiction leads to a gross violation of vital body and social degradation. This is a disease with a chronic course, develops gradually. The reason it is the ability of drugs to cause the state of intoxication, coupled with a feeling of complete physical and mental comfort and well-being. Drugs - it is a poison that slowly destroys not only the internal organs of man, but his brain and psyche. Drugs - it is a poison that slowly destroys not only the internal organs of man, but his brain and psyche. Gasoline or glue "Moment", for example, makes people mentally disabled for 3-4 months, "safe hemp" - within 3-4 years. A man who used morphine, after two three months, so loses the ability to do anything that stops for a caring and completely loses its human face.
Influence of drugs on breathing
Breathing is to one of basic terms of life. All know that during inhalation an organism gets oxygen, during exhalation selects carbon dioxide.
Drugs block chemo receptors, hereupon at the accumulation of carbon dioxide these receptors to the normal level do not become excited. Goes down inevitably, and then and activity of respiratory center is oppressed. A drug addict already will be never able to breathe one's fill. He dooms itself on lifelong anoxaemia (hypoxia).
Drug addicts also more frequent than all die from the stop of breathing at the casual overdose of drugs. Death comes already in 5 minutes after intravenous introduction of drug.
Influence of drugs on a cough
Cough - it is a protective, useful to life reaction. There is a cough then, when in respiratory tracts arise up obstacle for passing of air.
A man, beginning to accept drugs, disconnects the syndrome of cough. Even at the cold of cough does not arise up. Sputum, mucus, dirt, pus, components of smoke, dust from air, accumulates in lights of drug addict. A drug addict converts the lights into the overcrowded ash-tray.2
It is pleased that the propaganda against drugs continues. And whole world take a part in it. Propaganda against the drug out a new plane: now computer games - for a healthy lifestyle.
Discs with a game «Country Antinarkomaniya» received some orphanages and schools. This is the first home game, developed by state order from the management of the Federal Service of Russia for control of drug trafficking (UFKSN).3
In the youth movement «Russia Young» start a new project - «Youth Against Drugs!».
The project activists will engage in several directions at once:
1.Will be operative to identify points of selling drugs;
2.Helping patients, including rehabilitation;
3.Prevention of drug abuse;
The direction has already begun its work.4
There are a lot of advertisements against drugs.
1http://revolution.allbest.ru/life/00060938_0.html
2http://nodrugs.ksu.ru/tebe/book.html
3http://59.ru/newsline/2009/06/04/
4http://rumol.ru/news/3786.html
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The Brazilian organization "Association of anti-drugs" in its print advertising said that drug addicts - are puppets in the hands of criminals and terrorists.
Communication LBL group has continued to develop and deploy new video and audio in the social program of «No Drugs! »
The advantage of this advertising is its realization using the usual for a modern youth communicative style. This allows it to effectively show the popular stereotype of the use of psychoactive substances.1
Our country is currently in force was adopted in 1997, the Law "On Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances", which establishes the state monopoly on activities related to drug trafficking (art. 4, para 2), and specifies (Article 5 paragraph 1) those activities for which a state monopoly. This is the cultivation of plants, development, processing, distribution, import, export and disposal of drugs. Also identifies the order of licensing of activities related to drug trafficking.
The list also included the decision of the Government of the Standing Committee on Drug Control, established under the Ministry of Health. Committee developed and approved the criteria and the lists of psychotropic substances, intoxicating substances, large and very large size of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and other rules in accordance with the UN Convention in 1988.
The list of drugs and narcotic drugs RF is composed of four lists.
1.List of narcotics and drugs - drugs that are prohibited for use on humans and production and not be included in the prescription guides and training manuals contained heroin, lysergic acid and its preparations, mescaline, psilotsibin, cannabis, etc.
2.List includes narcotic drugs: codeine, cocaine, morphine, noksiron, omnopon, opium, promedol, barbamil (Amitav-sodium), etaminal-sodium (nembutal), etc.
3.In the list of introduced plants and substances of drugs and prohibited for use (cannabis, opium poppy, poppy straw, etc.).
4.List identified all the substances and preparations, which are lists of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 19612
In the U.S. there is the Anti-Drug Department (DEA), which is a part of the U.S. Department of Justice. Before the DEA is a single task. It consists in monitoring compliance with laws and regulations on controlled substances and engaging in criminal and civil liability of organizations and their members involved in the cultivation, production or distribution of controlled substances appearing in or destined for illicit traffic in the United States, as well as support non law-enforcement programs aimed to reduce the availability of illicit controlled substances on the domestic and international markets.
One of the main activities of DEA is to cooperate with foreign law enforcement agencies,
as well as drug groups involved in selling drugs in the United States, acting not only within the borders of one country.3
Today there are many centers rehabilitation dependent people. And science continues work out methods to combat drug addiction, alcoholism and smoking. There are various methods of getting rid of addictions, as each case - is unique and requires individual same approach. One patient is outpatient treatment that includes medication, various types of psycho correction, coding at home, another did not do without the hospital, psychotherapy, and may require prolonged rehabilitation.
In the treatment of alcoholism, substance abuse and addiction, it is important to help the patient get rid of body toxins. This allows you to achieve excellent results in the treatment of
1http://www.adme.ru/reklama_protiv_narkotikov/
2http://www.temadnya.ru/spravka/01dec2002/1940.html
3http://russian.moscow.usembassy.gov/drug.html
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alcoholism and drug addiction. The key to that success in treating alcoholism, narcologist and the patient must work together, in conjunction with a sincere desire and earnest hope for a positive result, valuable support and understanding friends. The main thing in this matter does not turn away from the sick and dependent people. They need our help and together we can handle1.
Sofia Pobegailenko,
5th year student, International Economic Relations Department, Far Eastern Institute of International Relations Scientific advisers: Elena N. Albey, Lydmila A. Fisyk, Instructors
PREVENTING ALCOHOLISM, SMOKING, DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTH : PRINCIPAL FACTS
For better understanding of alcohol-drugs-drink problem, we should learn more about it. I. Fact Sheet on Alcohol. Ethyl alcohol is the active drug present in alcoholic beverages.
It is a depressant. It is created through a natural chemical process called fermentation, in which yeast cells convert the natural sugar in certain fruits and grains into carbon dioxide and alcohol. Ethyl alcohol anesthetizes the brain. Alcohol increases blood pressure and heart rate, decreases blood supply to the heart, and dilates blood vessels in the limbs, causing body heat to escape and creating a feeling of warmth. Small doses of alcohol can lower inhibitions and cause mild feelings of well-being. Large doses progressively depress mood and energy. Once alcohol is in the stomach, it begins to be absorbed. is toxic to the body. It can cause nausea, headaches, vomiting, and anxiety. Long-term alcohol abuse is life shortening and life threatening. People who chronically abuse alcohol get sick more often than people who don't and are at much greater risk for developing digestive system disorders, liver diseases, malnutrition, nervous system diseases, hormonal disorders (including impotence and infertility), mental disorders (especially depression), heart disease, muscle wasting, and cancer. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms include restlessness, body shakes, insomnia, depression, anxiety, loss of appetite, confusion, hallucinations, and convulsions (the “DTs,” or delirium tremens).
II. Fact Sheet on Tobacco. Nicotine is a drug found in the leaves of the tobacco plant. It is consumed by smoking cigarettes, pipes, or cigars or by using smokeless tobacco. Nicotine stimulates the central nervous system and increases heart rate and blood pressure, lowers skin temperature, and makes the user breathe faster. This can cause fatigue, lowered physical endurance, shortness of breath, heart palpitations, and stress on the heart.
III. Fact Sheet on Cocaine and Crack. Cocaine is illegal. Selling, transporting, possessing, and smuggling cocaine are all serious crimes in many countries. Cocaine is commonly called coke, snow, flake, crack, rock, powder, white, blow, nose candy, lady, or toot. Cocaine is a white powder or rock made of leaves from the coca plant. Cocaine is inhaled through the nose, injected, or smoked. Ingestion of cocaine can cause drug dependency, lung damage, psychosis, blood clots, burns, and toxic shock syndrome – which can lead to tremors, panic, chest pain, vomiting, and, without medical help, to convulsions, high fever, and death from heart attack or stroke. The very first dose of cocaine can cause stroke, heart attack, or sudden death.
Based on finding data I can propose next remedies for our problem.
To minimize feelings of alienation and rebelliousness:
Focus on the positive things in your life. Be different, but in a safe way.
1 http://www.hippocrat.info/
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Participate in conflict-management programs. Learn anxiety-reduction strategies, like deep breathing or sitting quietly for several minutes.
Get involved in organizations with positive messages, like school or religious groups, sports, marching bands or Scouts. These activities teach you important skills and decrease your chances of getting involved with alcohol, tobacco or other drugs.
Understand the importance of school and education. Participate in programs that help with school, like a homework help line, tutoring, mentoring and peer programs.
To counteract the affects of peers who engage in the problem behavior:
Choose your friends carefully. A true friend would not pressure you to do anything you don't want to do.
Carefully think through situations when you are offered alcohol, tobacco or other drugs.
Don't drink or use other drugs to fit in. Remember, most kids don't drink, smoke or use other drugs. You won't be the only one who refuses.
Learn how to refuse a ride with someone who has been drinking or using other drugs.
To prevent early initiation of the problem behavior:
Adhere to no-use policies in your home, your school and your community regarding alcohol, tobacco and other drugs.
Participate in youth-oriented alcohol, tobacco and other drug prevention programs.
Choose your friends carefully. A true friend would not pressure you to do anything you don't want to do.
Don't drink or use other drugs to fit in. Remember, most kids don't drink, smoke or use other drugs. You won't be the only one who refuses.
Be a positive role model for your younger brothers and sisters and help them stay away from alcohol, tobacco and other drugs.
Learn how to stand up to peer influences and refuse alcohol, tobacco and other drugs.
Carefully think through situations when you are offered alcohol, tobacco or other drugs.
Don't drink or use other drugs to fit in. Remember, most kids don't drink, smoke or use other drugs. You won't be the only one who refuses.
Key points to remember as peers:
Alcohol and other drug addiction are treatable and curable diseases, not weaknesses.
Don't belittle or shun others who have alcohol or other drug problems. They need the assistance and support of nonusers to get the help they need.
And, most importantly, if you have an alcohol or other drug problem, tell someone. Talk to your parents, a relative, your favorite teacher, your youth group leader or your guidance counselor. Any of these people can help you find the support you need.
Natalia Popova,
4th year student, International Economic Relations Department, Far Eastern Institute of International Relations Scientific advisers: Elena N. Albey, Lydmila A. Fisyk, Instructors
INSURING ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY:
PROBLEM OF CLIMATE IN CHINA, BRAZIL AND INDIA
Our world is wonderful. It has so many sceneries that impress people and sometimes even make them change all views on the world. People can't stop admiring raining, snowing. Humanity is impressed by the power of nature. Earthquakes and volcano eruption may