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The first case of AIDS was recorded in Brazil in 1982, and whilst many countries have struggled to curb the spread of HIV and to care for those with AIDS, Brazil’s response has been seen as a success story.

Working alongside civil society groups, the Brazilian government has made aggressive efforts to minimize the impact of the AIDS epidemic. By the end of 2007, 730,000 Brazilians were living with HIV1 – just over half the number that estimates in the previous decade had predicted. At the start of the epidemic, HIV transmission through blood transfusion and blood products was also common. Although men still account for the majority of infections, women represent an increasing share of the epidemic with the ratio of male-to-female AIDS cases shrinking from 15-to-1 in 1986 to 1.4 in 2006. A major factor in Brazil’s success has been its ability to produce several AIDS drugs locally.

“A major step backward for the country's development. Brazil is working to attract investment in innovative industries that rely on intellectual property and this move will likely cause investments to go elsewhere. Brazil’s sexual culture is very different from the puritanical tradition in [countries such as] the United States.

AIDS programs have also been radically different. The denial and the stigma that you find attached to sexual health issues in so many places isn’t found in Brazil” Sonia Correa,

Brazilian AIDS activist. In 1986 it was estimated that only 4% of the Brazilian population used condoms during their first sexual encounter. Both female and male condoms have been widely distributed and promoted by the government, and there has been a dramatic increase in condom sales.

The first recorded case of HIV being transmitted from a pregnant mother to her child in Brazil occurred in 1987. Civil society groups representing gay men played an important role in Brazil’s initial response to AIDS, and have continued to do so as the epidemic has progressed. Sex work is not illegal in Brazil and the government has taken an unprejudiced approach to preventing HIV infection among this group.

A number of schemes have been carried out, including a high profile campaign based around a cartoon character called ‘Maria without Shame’.

Sex workers in Brazil still face many barriers to condom use though, such as fear of violence, increased payment for unprotected sex and competition for clients.

Brazil has also led the way in providing IDUs with access to treatment. Of the 34,000 former and current injecting drug users on antiretroviral therapy in 2004 in 50 developing and transitional countries, 30,000 were in Brazil. The epidemic has also had an increasing effect on poorer members of Brazilian society, and those with lower levels of education. Prevention campaigns that target these risk groups need to be maintained and strengthened.

In conclusion it’s necessary to note some important facts. According to the countries which were mentioned here we can understand that the problem is global and hard to solve. It takes a lot of person’s life and there is no hope that somebody can save their souls. It’s obviously, because people don’t find the way how to protect their nation or decrease the number of deaths. We can agree that government try to help and protect, they speak about some useful programs and ways, but it’s only words, there is no any result.

On the other hand, it should be noticed that people make this disease by them. There are reasons of existing such problem. Humanity don’t think about their health then do some sexual actions, don’t control the situation.

Well, if speak about ways, it should be noticed that government should pay more and more attention to this problem, create more useful social programs, because the reasons of such disease are the same in all over the world.

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ASIAN PACIFIC MODEL UNITED NATIONS DEBATES

ACTION PLANS 1st Committee - Environmental Sustainability

Agenda: «Ensuring environmental sustainability: problem of climate change»

Chairperson – Ksenia Pekar, 3rd year student, International Economic Relations Department, Khabarovsk State Academy of Economics and Law

Working Language: English

TITLE «Green Actions»

Statement of the problem

Climate Change is the problem of the 21st century. The earth is warming up, habitats on the decrease, chances for ecosystems to adapt naturally are diminishing. And there is now overwhelming scientific consensus that it is happening, and human-induced. With global warming on the increase and species and their Many are agreed that climate change may be one of the greatest threats facing the planet. Recent years show increasing temperatures in various regions, and/or increasing extremities in weather patterns.

Goals

-To take actions that may contribute towards the achievement of the 7 th United Nations Millennium Development Goal;

-To increase social awareness about environmental problems and solutions to them;

-To foster solicitude and responsibility to environment among people;

-To raise the level of ecological education in the society.

Term of the project

3 months

The most desirable months to start the project are February, March and April as project presupposes school kids' involvement and their active participation in planting and cleaning. That is why we think spring is the best time for project implementation.

Actions

I. Ecological education

Lectures in schools that should be conducted by project workers with the help of teachers

-The project will be launched in 3-5 schools

-It covers 1-8 classes

The project presupposes complementary lessons included into the schedule (one time in

2weeks)

-High-school students alongside with project managers will conduct complementary lessons for primary school.

Primary classes: lessons conducted in the form of games, movies and cartoons;

Secondary classes and high school classes: lectures, movies, discussions, practice ("Green actions" in order to raise responsibility level such as planting trees and flowers; explaining of how to behave when you're out the city);

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-Connecting this part with other project ideas we propose wooden plates to be made by pupils and be placed on the garbage bins (see the description further);

-As a result of this project we propose to conduct competition between schools (the most ecologically-oriented school) that will be implemented by working group with the help of local government.

II. Mass-Media Involvement

To promote tips of preserving environment with the help of:

- Regular newspapers' articles (articles about ecological problems and solutions to them) (Tihookeanskaya zvezda);

- Radio (interactive games; interviews with project managers; thematic songs; news block) (Europe +)

- Television (2-minutes break for environment on local TV-channels (DVTRK, Guberniya). Referring to the previous part of our project we propose to highlight school project and the final competition in news;

- The Internet (creation ecologically-oriented groups in social nets such as "Vkontakte", "Facebook", "MoiGorod")

III. Social promotion of environmental protection "Green actions"

Advertisement promoted through t-shirts, badges, pins that will be used as equipment and presents during social events (demonstrations and concerts) organized with the help of governmental and non-governmental organizations;

1. Social ads on the city square's screens, street banners and ads before films' starts in cinema;

Create noticeable garbage bin in the most polluted areas (with a funny and bright pictures and signs on it for ex. "the bin is waiting for trash")

Promotion of environmental protection is a kind of social advertisement that is why massmedia can highlight it free of charge.

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Expected Results

Implementation of this project will make people more responsible for their actions and will inculcate ecological education to young generation.

Appendix №1

List of tips to be delivered in public

1.Don't leave appliances on standby;

2.Unplug charges when not in use;

3.Turn off the lights when leaving rooms;

4.Wash clothes at lower temperatures;

5.Turn the thermostat down;

6.Cut on meat and dairy;

7.Eat less prawns;

8.Cycling or walking instead of driving;

9.Travel by trains, buses instead of planes;

10.Holidaying in closest regions;

11.In gardening use watering can instead of sprinklers, don't use lawnmower, nitrogen rich fertilizers;

12.Use reusable nappy instead of disposable ones;

13.Skip long-haul flights;

14.Give your waste to recycling plants;

15.Buy seasonal, local food;

16.Build natural swimming pools instead of traditional ones;

17.Drive car on waste vegetable oil (only diesel engine);

18.Insulating solid walls;

19.Install wind turbine (if you live in windy area);

20.Buy electric, hybrid, LPGs and diesel cars;

21.Fitting solar panels to your roof;

22.Buy small size cars;

23.Buy old things, second-hand electronics, vintage piece of furniture;

24.Upgrade your loft insulation;

25.Install an energy-efficient (A-rated) appliances;

26.Fitting double glazing on windows;

27.Dry clothes outside;

28.Insulate your floor;

29.Learn how to use your heating controls;

30.Fitting solar water heater;

31.Change the way you drive;

32.Use your appliances less frequently to reduce your running cost;

33.Take shower is better than take a bath;

34.Put insulation jacket on hot water tank;

35.Switching to energy-saving bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs;

36.Greening your funeral;

37.Choose breast feed;

38.Opting for a lap top computer;

39.Exercising outdoors instead of on treadmill;

40.Fitting radiators panels;

41.Insulating hot water pipes;

42.Shift to public transport or car-sharing;

43.43.Using dress sense;

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44.Use energy-saving meters;

45.Growing your-own;

46.Barbecuing with sustainable charcoal;

47.Energy-efficient cooking;

48.Washing your clothes at 30 degrees;

49.Eat less rice;

50.Buy low emission TV;

51.Using less peat;

52.Keep your fridge-freezer clean and ice-free;

53.Reusable bags;

54.Run your car on biofuel.

2nd Committee - Achieve Universal Primary Education

Agenda: «Promoting Education to mentally and physically challenged people»

Chairperson – Kanami Iwata, 3rd year student, Department of British and American Studies, Kyoto University of Foreign Studies, Japan

Co-chair – Hazuki Ito, 3rd year student, Department of British and American Studies, Kyoto University of Foreign Studies, Japan

Working Language: Japanese

TITLE «PROMOTING EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR PHYSICALLY AND

MENTALLY CHALLENGED PEOPLE»

Actions

1. Getting the clubs or other universities to cooperate and find the ways of further fundraising

provide people , especially students with information by sending information letters to university deputies and organizing special clubs (or having discussion within the frame of the existing ones), and cooperating with the professors to make the volunteering a part of the curricula

create an internet source for everybody interested in problem, or gain all the internet links connected with the special education in one place to make it easier to find the necessary information

have a promotion campaign, including fliers, video material, visiting the special education schools with the potential volunteers

2.Revising the knowledge of handicapped people , their needs, environmental position and finally get the profound knowledge of the whole topic, connected with handicapped people and their education

3.Investigating the activity and funding programs of nongovernmental organizations

4.Creating textbooks for disabled children in Cambodia by the powers of volunteers in Russia and Japan

5.Delivering the textbooks through PCC and other NGOs to Cambodia