Материал: bardinskaia_tr_angliiskii_iazyk_v_sfere_kulturologii

strong kings, extended its frontiers far to the east, into Palestine and Syria. During this period of power and prosperity between 1500 BC. and till the end of the reign of Ramesses III in 1162 BC. tremendous architectural projects were carried out around the new capital Thebes.

The divine kingship of the Pharaohs was now asserted in a new way: by association with the god Amun, who became the supreme deity. Amenhotep IV the most remarkable figure of the Eighteenth Dynasty proclaimed his faith in a single god, the sun disk Aten. He changed his name to Akhenaten and moved lie capital to central Egypt. But it lasted very short. The long decline of the country began about 1000 B.C. and lasted until the Egyptian civilization came tо an end.

New Kingdom Art covers a vast range of styles and quality from conservatism о brilliant inventiveness. It is almost impossible to summarize in terms the survived samplings.

Among the architectural enterprises that have survived I he outstanding one is he funerary temple of Queen Hatshepsut, built about 1480 B.C against the rocky cliffs of Deir el-Bahari, and dedicated to Amun and several other deities. The worshipper does a long way toward the holy place – dri ven deep into the rock - through three large courts linked by ramps among long colonnades. It is a magnificent union of man-made and natural architecture.

The temple at Luxor, across the Nile from Thebes, dedicated to Amun, his wife Mut, and their son Honsu, was built around 1390-1260 BC. Its plan is characteristic for later Egyptian temples. The facade consists of two massive walls with sloping sides - a kind of gateway or pylon - leading to a series of symmetrically arranged courts, pillared halls and chapels, protecting the holy place a square room with 4 columns. The columns are very heavy and closely spaced producing an awesome effect.

What distinguishes the portraits in this time is not only a greater realism but a new sense of form that seeks to unfreeze the traditional immobility of Egyptian art. The famous bust of Queen Nofretete is one of the masterpieces of that time.

The face of Tutankhamen - as it appears on his gold coffin - is an example of an exquisite workmanship. On the walls of his tomb we can see Egyptian painting so

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called animals-in-landscape survived only on the miniature scale.

II. Form the nouns from adjectives by adding suffix -ness. Translate them.

III. Match the words to their synonyms.

IV. Fill in the correct word from the list given below. Use each word only once:

pillared ■ traditional ■ miniature ■ holy ■ long exquisite

■ brilliant ■ ill ■ royal ■ mysterious

1.………………….. fortune

2.…………………... inventiveness

3.………………….. origin

4.………………….. halls

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5.…………………... workmanship

6.………………….. colonnade

7.………………….. portrait

8.………………….. immiobility

9.…………………... scale

10.…………………. place

V. Enrich your vocabulary by useful expressions and idioms.

a) Translate into Russian and remember.

1.to be reflected in the art;

2.the period of power and prosperity;

3.to cover a vast range of styles and quality;

4.to be dedicated to a deity;

5.a magnificent union of man-made and natural architecture;

6.an example of an exquisite workmanship;

7.on the miniature scale.

b)Complete the sentences with the expressions given above (in point a).

1.Egyptian art of the New Kingdom period ... from conservatism to brilliant inventiveness. 2. The funerary temple of Queen Hatshepsut can be called .... 3. What... of Egypt after the collapse of centralized Pharaoh’s power? 4. Egyptian painting so-called animals-in-landscape survived only ... on the walls of Tutankhamen's tomb. 5. Egyptian temples ... or several of them.

VI.Fill in the correct preposition. Then choose any three and make sentences.

temple ... Queen Hatshepsut; temple ... Luxor; temple dedicated ... Amun; built... 1480 BC; new type ... royal portrait; range ... styles and quality ... conservatism ... brilliant inventiveness; linked ... ramps ... long colonnades.

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VII.Match the words to their definitions.

pylon ■ facade ■ ramp ■ colonnade ■ pillar restore ■ dedicate ■ prosperity ■ coffin

1) a state of being successful, good fortune; 2) a general term for a vertical architectural support which includes columns and pilasters; 3) a Greek word for

gateway: the monumental entrance to an ancient Egyptian temple; 4) to bring back to a former condition; 5) row of columns; 6) a box or case into which a dead person is placed for burial; 7) sloping way from one level to another instead of stairs or steps; 8) devote with solemn ceremonies (to God, to a sacred use); 9) the principal face or the front of the building.

VIII.Choose the correct item.

1. At first glance there is no link with ... (sculpture, sculptor, sculptural) traditions of the past. 2. Among the architectural... (edifices, enterprises, entrances) that have survived the best one is the Temple of Hatshepsut. 3. New Kingdom art covers a vast range of styles from ... (conservatism, conservatory, conservation) to inventiveness. 4. The famous bust... (of, to, from) Queen Nofretete is kept in the Berlin State Museum. 5. The Funerary Temple of Hatshepsut is a ... (magnetic, magnifying, magnificent) union of man-made and natural architecture. 6. The Eighteenth, Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasties represent the third ... (Gold, Golden, goldsmith) Age of Egypt. 7. The plan of... (Chamber, Chapel, Temple) at Luxor is characteristic for later Egyptian temples.

IX.Learn some useful techniques for making up a dialogue.

a) Read the following passage about the way for getting more information.

When you ask people they often don’t give you enough information right away. You may have to ask them for additional information - you may want further details or you may not be satisfied with the answer given. Here are some techniques for getting extra information you want.

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