appear …………………..
integration ..................................
belief …………………...
honour ........................................
approve ……………………
III. M a t c h t h e w o r d s t o t h e i r s y n o n y m s .
1.i n d e p e n d e n c e
2.1000
3.persuasive
4.gouged-out
5.bear
6.cast
7.mastery
8.glorification
9.decay
a ) s c o o p e d - o u t
b)mould
c)skillfulness
d)keep
e)honour
f)freedom
g)disintegration
h)millennium i) convincing
IV. Fill in the correct word from the list given below; use each word only once. personal ■ precious ■ cultural ■ gouged-out ■ diorite
impressive ■ portrait ■ general ■ law ■ numerous
1.…………………… center
2.…………………… types
3.……………………. statues
4.……………………. material
5.……………………. glorification
6.…………………… stele
7.……………………. code
8.……………………. head
9.…………………….. eyes
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10. ………………….. work of art
V. E n r i c h y o u r v o c a b u l a r y b y u s e f u l e x p r e s s i o n s a n d i d i o m s .
a ) T r a n s l a t e i n t o R u s s i a n a n d r e m e m b e r .
1 . t h e e a r l i e s t k n o w n m o n u m e n t ;
2.personal glorification of the sovereign;
3.a persuasive likeness;
4.complex technique;
5.to show true mastery;
6.to hold one’s own in the company of the greatest works;
7.to come to an end.
b ) C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e s w i t h t h e e x p r e s s i o n s g i v e n a b o v e ( i n p o i n t a).
1. The ... of casting and chasing was skillfully used by Akkadian masters. 2. What was the new task that the Akkadian sculptors faced? - .... 3. “Stele of Naram-Sin” discovered in Susa .... 4. A magnificent royal portrait head from Nineveh could .... 5.... of the numerous statues of Gudea is out of doubt.
VI. F i l l i n t h e c o r r e c t p r e p o s i t i o n ; t h e n c h o o s e a n y t h r e e a n d m a k e s e n t e n c e s .
engraved ... a diorite stele; the famous Tower ... Babel ... this city-state; remains brought... light... excavation; inlaid... precious materials; a portrait head... bronze; the richness ... surfaces; clay cylinders inscribed ... hymns; a time ... continuous disorder ...
Mesopotamia; right arm raised ... a speaking gesture.
VII. M a t c h t h e w o r d s t o t h e i r d e f i n i t i o n s .
inscribe ■ inlay ■ casting ■ hewing ■ carving stele ■ engrave ■ chasing ■ cutting
1) cutting of a figure or design out of a solid material such as stone or wood;
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2) a method of duplicating a work of sculpture by pouring a hardening substance such as plaster or molten metal (often bronze) into a mould; 3) a technique of ornamenting a metal surface by the use of various tools; the procedure used to finish a raw bronze cast; 4) making a shape by a knife or other sharp-edged instruments; 5) shape by chopping (with the help of an ax); 6) cutting or carving (lines, words, designs) on a hard surface (metal, stone); 7) set pieces of metal, wood, semiprecious stones etc. in the surface of another kind; 8) to write, carve, engrave, or mark (words or characters) on something; 9) an upright stone slab or pillar with a carved commemorative design or inscription.
VIII.C h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t i t e m .
1.Under Hammurabi ... (Babel, Bible, Babylon) became the cultural center of Sumer.
2.The ... (scooped-out, gouged-out, dug-out) eyes of the bronze portrait bead from Nineveh were inlaid with precious materials. 3. The numerous statues of Gudea were placed in... (chapels, shrines, chambers). 4. Hammurabi’s most … (memorial, memorable, memory) achievement is his law code. 5. Gudea rebuilt the temple ... (with, to, for) ambitions. 6. Akkadian masters faced a new task - ... (personnel, personable, personal) glorification of the ruler. 7. The ... (complex, complicated, complete) technique of casting and chasing shows true mastery.
I X . L e a r n s o m e u s e f u l t e c h n i q u e s f o r m a k i n g u p a d i a l o g u e .
a) Read the following information about reaction for requests.
Sometimes you are likely to be asked to do things which you may agree to do or want to refuse. British people don’t like to refuse in a direct way. Instead they usually give an excuse so as not to hurt people’s feelings. These excuses are sometimes called “little | white lies”, but of course they shouldn’t involve s erious or obvious lying.
Refusal phrases
1)I am awfully sorry, but you see ...
2)I’d like to say “yes”, but...
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3) I’d really like to help you, but...
b) U s e t h e p h r a s e s m e n t i o n e d a b o v e i n t h e f o l l o w -
i n g d i a l o g u e .
A: Good afternoon! What a luck! Honestly speaking, I need your help. B: (greet, promise to help).
A: Can you join me on Friday?
B: (refuse and give the reason: work).
A: Oh, it’s a pity! What about the weekend?
B: (refuse and give the reason: arrangement).
A: I am so sorry. I might have phoned you before.
В: (try to find out the reason, why he / she needs your help). A: It’s my quiz in the History of Art.
B: (ask the topic he /she wants to discuss).
A: It’s Sumerian and Akkadian art. I can’t say I kn ow much about it. B: (refuse and advise to read “History of Art” by H. W .Janson).
A: That’s a good idea! But unfortunately, I haven’t such a book in my home library. B: (promise to give your book and arrange the next meeting).
A: That’s great! Thank a lot! Let’s meet here tomor row after job. B: (agree and promise not to forget the book).
A: Thank you. Till tomorrow then
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IX.M a k e u p y o u r o w n d i a l o g u e u s i n g t h e e x p r e s s i o n s g i v e n i n t h i s e x e r c i s e .
X. U s e t h i s b r i e f i n f o r m a t i o n a n d m a k e u p y o u r o w n d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e “ S t e l e o f N a r a m - S i n ” o r “ G u - d e a ” .
S t e l e o f N a r a m - S i n
It’s a victory stele, the first attempt of personal glorification of the sovereign (2300-2200 BC). Naram-Sin -the grandson of Sargon of Akkad - was the conqueror. That’s why the master immortalized him and his victorious army in relief on a large stele.
The whole stele may be divided into several levels. The lowest level (that is cut off) shows the defeated enemy soldiers pleading for mercy.
The energetic figures of king’s forces are advancing among the trees and mountains. Above them Naram-Sin alone stands triumphant. His size and his isolated position endow him with superhuman status. He wears the horned crown which is the sign of the gods. Nothing appears above him, except for the mountaintop and stars.
G u d e a
Gudea – the ruler of Lagash - had numerous statues of himself placed in the shrines and temples. One of them the “Sitting Gudea ” is displayed here. The head of Gudea is carved of diorite (the stone that is extremely hard to work with). He inherited something of the sense of personal importance from Akkadian monuments. His portrait appears less distinctly individualized comparing to the Akkadian rulers. The master renders a massive chin, rounded eyebrows that meet in the midst. He is sitting on a sort of a throne having some written record on his lap.
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