UNIT 11The Judiciary of the Russian Federation -
1. Grammar Focus:
| Noun Chains
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2. Topic Activities
(Reading & Speaking):
| Text 1. The Judiciary of Russia
Text 2. Judicial Bodies
Text 3. The Judicial System of the RF
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3. Conversation & Writing Practice:
| . |
GRAMMAR FOCUSPRE-MODIFIERСуществительноевфункции «левогоопределения»В английском языке перед существительным может стоять ряд других существительных в общем падеже (от одного до четырёх). Сверхдлинные цепочки существительных встречаются главным образом в названиях научных статей, графиков и таблиц. Только последнее слово ряда является основным, подлинным существительным. Все предшествующие ему слова выполняют функцию формального определения (так называемое «левое определение»). Каждое левое существительное в ряду определяет правое.
Translation (способ перевода)
| Examples (примеры)
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прилагательным
| a stone heart = каменное сердце
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существительным с предлогом или без предлога
| afront-pagestory = статья на первой странице газеты
wind pressure = давление ветра
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причастным оборотом
| flood damage = разрушения, вызванные наводнением
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сочетанием слов в родительном падеже
| the engine capacity calculation problem = проблема вычисления мощности двигателя
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Перевод рекомендуется начинать с последнего, основного существительного, продвигаясь справа налево в целях выявления правильные смысловые отношения между словами.Например:
Businesscardetiquette. Основное существительное etiquette (
этикет, правила). Задаём вопрос «Правила чего?». Ответ даёт существительное слева – card (
карточка)
, получаем правила карточек. «Карточки какие?» – business (визитные) = правила визитных карточек. Смысловые отношения между «правилами» и «карточками» определяет слово «вручение». Таким образом, для адекватного перевода необходимо применить расширительный приём добавления лексической единицы. Окончательный перевод фразы = правила (этикет) вручения визитных карточек.
PRACTICE
1. Readandtranslatethefollowingnounphrases. Mind the place of the attributes:
the pressure of gas – the gas pressure; the wheel of the car – the car wheel; the results of the rally – the rally results; the comments of mass media – mass media comments; the devices of the laboratory – the laboratory devices; means of production – production means; the summons (созыв) of the jury – the jury summons; a trial (слушание дела) by jury – a jury trial; a suspect (подозреваемый) of crime – a crime suspect; the evidence (показания) of a suspect – the suspect evidence; the identification (установление личности) of the suspect – the suspect identification, the victims of road crime – road crime victims, the revision of power quality standards – power quality standards revision, the resolution of conflicts – conflict resolution – conflict resolution scheme, the algorithm of decision – decision algorithm
2. Read and translate the noun phrases with pre-modifiers:
A. table tennis
delay time
a concert hall
a paper wall
a wall paper
pocket money
the speed limit
London exhibition
a first-year student
an open-air restaurant
road death crimes
| entry requirements
career opportunities
promotion opportunities
the majority party
the minority party
the state system
defense policy
employment discrimination
part-time employment
foreign-language enthusiasts
state security service
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B.
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tunnel speed, entry tunnel speed
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architecture art, architecture art expert
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link quality, link quality analysis
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knowledge management system
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user service, user service class
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bit error, bit error ratio
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tool replacement costs
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a computer service technician
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behaviour strategy analysis
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radar pulse repetition frequency
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cathode ray tube display monitors
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high temperature reactor properties
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university team; Chicago university football team
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full-time employment, full-time employment contract
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air force radar laboratory, the US air force radar laboratory
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radio wave, radio wave speed, radio wave speed calculation
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traffic speed, traffic speed increase, traffic speed increase problem
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top-level administration officials
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weather satellite, weather satellite system, weather satellite system control
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POST-MODIFIERСуществительное в функции «правого определения»Данные атрибутивные группы представляют собой устойчивые словосочетания существительного с предлогом, которые стоят после основного существительного.Такие сочетания, как правило, переводятся с использованием приёма
грамматического преобразования (трансформации).
3. Read and translate the sentences with post-modifiers: -
Politics is the issue of no interest to me.
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We have reconsidered the point in question.
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The goods in question have been stolen.
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The problem at issue is the extent to which exam results reflect a student’s ability.
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There are some new drugs under development to treat arthritis.
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Unemployment is not the point of great interest – the real problem is the decline in public morality.
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The device under development is being improved significantly.
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The documents of great interest were kept secret.
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The research under way is on diseases of the blood.
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The machine in operation consumed a lot more energy than we expected.
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Use any communications band of interest in your area.
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If a signal of interest appears, the normal marker will be used to determine the signal frequency.
TOPIC ACTIVITIESREADING & SPEAKING1. Learn the following words: to be vested
| быть наделенным
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to make up
| составлять
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to settle
| урегулировать, разрешать
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to subordinate
| подчинять
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compliance
| соответствие
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request
| просьба
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litigation
| судебное разбирательство
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to oversee
| надзирать
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to clarify
| прояснить
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to set out
| устанавливать
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2. Guessthemeaningofthefollowinginternationalwords: administer, justice, type, jurisdiction, military, arbitration, constitutional, subject, civil, criminal, administrative, procedural, economic, appeal.3.
Translate the following words paying attention to word-building elements:comply – compliance, request – to request, crime – criminal –criminality, over – see – to oversee, procedure – procedural, legislative – legislation, to litigate – litigation, to clarify – clarification, economy - economic – economical, exercise – to exercise, to act – activity, to try – trial, civil – civilization – to civilize, appeal – to appeal, immediate – immediately.
The Judiciary of RussiaThe judicial power in Russia is vested in courts and administered by the Ministry of Justice.Three types of court make up the Russian judiciary:- The courts of general jurisdiction (including military courts), subordinated to the Supreme Court;- The arbitration court system under the High Court of Arbitration;- The Constitutional Court (as well as constitutional courts in a number of federal entities).The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation has 19 judges. It settles cases of compliance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation at the request of the President of the Russian Federation, the Federation Council, the State Duma, one-fifth of the members of the Federation Council or of the deputies of the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, and the legislative and executive bodies of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is the supreme judiciary body for civil, criminal, administrative and other cases which are under the jurisdiction of general courts. It oversees, in the procedural forms set out in the federal law, their activities and clarifies judicial issues.The Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation is the supreme judiciary body for settling economic litigations and other cases which are heard by arbitration courts; it exercises judiciary oversight according to the procedural forms set out in the federal law over their activities and clarifies judicial issues.The municipal court is the lowest trial court in the general court system. It serves each city or rural district and hears more than 90 per cent of all civil and criminal cases. The next level of courts of general jurisdiction is the regional court. At the highest level is the Supreme Court. Decisions of the lower trial courts can generally be appealed only to the immediately superior court.
4. Match the following English words with their Russian equivalents:
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at the request
| -
судебные вопросы
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regional court
| -
по просьбе
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judicial issues
| -
сельский район
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general jurisdiction
| -
судебная власть
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judiciary oversight
| -
общая юрисдикция
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rural district
| -
судебный надзор
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judicial power
| -
областной суд
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5. Read the text and answer the following questions: -
What is the judicial power in Russia vested in?
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What types of court make up the Russian judiciary?
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How many judges are there in the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation? What cases does the Constitutional Court settle?
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What is the supreme judiciary body for civil, criminal, administrative and other cases which are under the jurisdiction of general courts?
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What are the main responsibilities of the Supreme Court?
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What is the supreme judiciary body for settling economic litigations?
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What is the lowest trial court in the general court system?
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What is the next level of courts of general jurisdiction?
6. Read text 2 for more information about the judicial system of Russia.