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R.A. Akhmetianova
THE PROBLEM OF POVERTY IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN (RESULTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES)
The paper is devoted to the analysis of subjective poverty in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The limitations of monetary and the advantages of subjective approaches in measuring poverty are well founded. Based on the data of sociological surveys conducted by the Institute of Strategic Research of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2015-2020, a higher level of subjective poverty has been determined as well as an absence of positive dynamics in the reduction of this indicator. Four surveys showed comparable poverty rates, confirming the objectivity of the differences with official statistics. At the same time, the socio-demographic profile of the recipients of targeted social assistance is fully correlated with the profile of social poverty derived from the sociological survey. It has been shown that the high level of subjective poverty is due to the displacement of economically active population groups into it, following the deterioration of their material situation. The highest incidence of poverty was the low level of wages and the inability to find better jobs. The level of demand and the actual material situation in the social strata of the data leads to widespread poverty. It is argued that sex and age characteristics, place of residence, level of education, presence of children in the family are factors that contribute to the risk of falling downward social mobility among the poor. The study made concrete proposals to reduce poverty in the region.
Keywords: poverty measurement methodology, monetary poverty, subjective poverty, poverty factors, integrated social policy.