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placed into a test tube. 5. The rotor of a steam turbine consists of manybladed fanlike wheels. 6. The resistivity of semiconductors will depend upon the direction of the current flow. 7. The signal can be amplified, recorded, or modified by an electric circuit.

С5. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод because и because of.

1. Energy resources of our country are very large because of the great power potential in Siberia. 2. World energy resources are practically unlimitedиbecause we have studied only a small part of the mineral wealth of the earth. 3. Electronocs is useful to industry and science because a physical condition – temperature, weight, viscosity and thickness – can be converted into an electric signal. 4. All electric effects are really electronic, because allбАelectric currents result from the movement of electrons, and all electric charges appear because of accumulation of electrons.

6. Прочт те текст повторно и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. When were transistors invented? 2. When was the triode vacuum tube discovered? 3. What is the difference? 4. Why does the transistor challenge the vacuum tube? 5. What can you say about the destiny of transistors?

7. Подготовьте резюме (аннотацию) текста.

TEXTД3

1. Составьте2 вопроса покартинке (рис.8) и обсудите ихв группе. И

Рис. 8

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2. Переведите следующий текст на русский язык в письменной форме:

SEMICONDUCTORS

A transistor is an active semiconductor device with three or more Сelectrodes. By active we mean that the transistor is capable of current gain,

voltage, amplification and power gain. A transistor is an electron device in which electronic conduction takes place within a semiconductor.

A semiconductor is an electric conductor with resistivity in the range between metals and insulators, in which the electrical charge carrier concentration increases with increasing temperature over some temperature

5. Посмотрите видео 4 и передайте его основную идею на английском языке.

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6. Дайте краткие утвердительные или отрицательные ответы на следующие вопросы:

1. Is a semiconductor defined as an electric conductor? 2. Do semiconductors vary greatly in appearance? 3. May transistors replace vacuum tubes? 4. Does the state of substances depend on temperature and pressure? 5. Will you study electronics this year? 6. Have many human activities played a part in scientific inventors? 7. Did the ancients know anything about electricity?

7. Используя текст, расскажите все, что вы узнали о полупровод-

Рис. 9

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2. Прочтите текст, найдите в тексте предложения, в которых содержатся: а) основная информация; в) уточняющая информация.

THE DESTINY OF SEMICONDUCTORS

A semiconductor is often defined as an electric conductor that has a Сconductivity intermidiate between that of an insulator and that of a metal.

The more important semiconductors are: boron, germanium, silicon, selenium, phosphorus, gray tin and others.

The mechanical properties of semiconductors vary greatly. However, inиhardness, brittleness, and fracture strength, semiconducting crystals resemble insulating crystals more than they do metals. Besides their electric propertis, which in themselves may be of great variety, semiconductors vary in such physical qualities as magnetism, specific heat and thermal

3.ПрочитайтебАи выучите.

Boron – бор;

selenium – селен;

phosphorus – фосфор; Д tin – олово;

vary – меняться, разниться; brittleness – хрупкость, ломкость;

fracture – перелом, трещина;

strength – сила, прочность, сопротивление; И resemble – походить, иметь сходство;

thermal – термический.

4.Быстро просмотрите слова и выпишите те из них, которые относятся к теме “Полупроводники”.

Magnetism, diod, machinery, electricity, temperature, transistor, heat, current flow, aluminium, tin, motor, transformer, generator, subject, concept, engine, turbine, electrode, metal, brittle, wax, insulator, resistivity, direction, valence.

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5.Прочтите еще раз тексты 3 и 4 и сделайте их аннотацию на английском языке в письменной форме.

6.Задайте вопросы ко всем частям следующих предложений:

1. Semiconductors will replace vavuum tubes in many applications. 2. The more important semiconductors may be classified into three groups.

Супотреблен е страдательного залога:

7. Перевед те следующие предложения, обращая внимание на

highиvoltage. 3. The exact operation of some devices cannot be much relied upon due to their being slightly influenced by the changes in the ambient temperature. 4. If the electron is allowed to go back to the atom the balance of ghargr is restored and the atom is again uncharged or neutral. 5. The conclusions which were arrived at by the experimenter fill the demands of the present state of technical development. 6. It should be noted that each control field is given a definite polarity.7. When the microphone is being spoken into, the alternator does not producea high frequency current ofconstant amplitude.

1. When the molecules of even a good insulator are acted upon by an electric field, there is a motion of electrons due to this field. 2. the possibility of a breakdown of an insulator which is referred to in the above article is due to

8. Посмотрите видео 5 и передайте его основную идею на английском языке.

бА Д

TEXT 5

1. Составьте2 вопроса покартинке (рис.10) и обсудите ихв группе. И

Рис. 10

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