56
Exercise 4 Match these terms and their definitions.
1. punitive damages a) a ruling by a judge (usually upon motion to reduce or throw out a jury verdict) lowering the amount of damages granted by a jury in a civil case. Usually, this is because
|
the amount awarded exceeded the amount demanded. |
2. remittitur. |
b) monetary compensation awarded to an injured party that |
|
goes beyond that which is necessary to compensate the |
|
individual for losses and that is intended to punish the |
|
wrongdoer. |
3. tort |
c) the area of law in which manufacturers, distributors, |
|
suppliers, retailers, and others who make products |
|
available to the public are held responsible for the injuries |
|
those products cause. |
4. product liability |
d) in common law jurisdictions, is a civil wrong which |
|
unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm resulting |
|
in legal liability for the person who commits |
|
the tortious act, |
5. preponderance of the evidence e) the responsibility of producing sufficient |
|
|
evidence in support of a fact or issue and favorably |
|
persuading the trier of fact |
6. burden of proof |
f) Superiority in weight of an evidence that is more |
|
convincing (even if minimally) than the evidence |
|
presented by the other party. |
Exercise 5. Answer these questions
1.What do punitive damages compensate a plaintiff for?
57
2.When were punitive damages first recognized in England ?
3.What are the purposes of punitive damages?
4.Why are punitive damages are a controversial issue in tort and product liability law?
5.What are the functions of punitive damages?
6.Why are punitive damages criticized ?
7.Why is the controversy over punitive damages likely to continue ?
8.What must the jury or court consider to determine the amount of damages?
9.What is called remittitur?
KEYS
TEXT 1.
Exercise 1 Find these words and word combinations in the text.
a)contract of employment
b)you are entitled to
c)void
d)legal rights
e)minimum wage
f)flexible working
g)maternity leave
h)redundancy pay
Exercise 2 Say if the sentences are true or false. Correct the wrong ones.
1. T 2. F. 3. T 4. T 5. F. 6. T. 7. F. 8. F. 9.T. 10..F. Exercise 3 Complete these sentences.
1. The rights that apply from the day the employee starts work are :
58
-the right to an itemized pay slip
-the right to be paid at least the national minimum wage.
-the right not to have illegal deductions made from pay.
-the right to time off for trade union duties and activities.
-the right to time off for study or training for 16-17 year olds.
-the right to paid time off for ante natal care.
-the right to paid maternity leave..
-the right to paid paternity leave
-the right to ask for flexible working to care for children or adult
-the right to paid adoption leave
-the right to reasonable time off to look after dependants in an emergency
-the right under Health and Safety law to work a maximum 48-hour working week.
-the right under Health and Safety law to weekly and daily rest breaks.
-the right not to be discriminated against
-the right not to suffer detriment or dismissal for ‘blowing the whistle’.
2. - the right to paid time off to look for work if being made redundant. the right to notice of dismissal
-the right to written reasons for dismissal from your employer
-the right to claim compensation if unfairly dismissed.
-the right to claim redundancy pay if made redundant.
3. - anyone who is not an employee, for example, an agency or freelance worker.
-employees who normally work outside the UK
-members of the police service and the armed forces
-merchant seamen and share fishermen
-some workers in the transport industry
-trainee doctors
Exercise 4 Match these terms and their definitions.
59
1. blowing the whistle |
b |
2. dismissal |
d. |
3. deduction |
e |
4. permanent employee |
c |
5. fixed-term employee |
a |
Exercise 5. Answer these questions
1.on your statutory rights , and your contract of employment.
2.Parliament.
3.Some workers are not entitled to some statutory rights.
4.There are special rules about the employment of children and young people.
Total score:
TEXT 2.
Exercise 1 Find these words and word combinations in the text.
a)agreed verbally
b)trade union
c)to avoid paying insurance and tax.
d)paid annual leave
e)lay off
f)redundancy payment
g)to care for a child
h)dependant
Exercise 2 Say if the sentences are true or false. Correct the wrong ones.
1. F 2. T. 3. T. 4. F. 5. F. 6. T. 7. F.
60
Exercise 3 Match these terms and their definitions.
1. entitlement |
d |
2. grievance |
c |
3. terms |
e |
4.ante-natal care b
5.adoption a
Exercise 4 Answer these questions.
1.Written, agreed verbally, include ‘custom and practice’ agreements.
2.Yes, they do
3.A written statement from their employer describing the main terms of the contract of employment.
4.Full-time workers are entitled to at least 5.6 weeks a leave year. If you
work part-time, you're entitled to a pro rata amount.
5. - to carry out duties as a trade union official
-to carry out duties as a trade union health and safety representative
-to look for work if faced with redundancy
-to receive ante-natal care
-to have a baby, to take paternity leave, to take adoption leave or to ask for flexible working hours to care for a child
-to study or train for employees aged 16-17
Total score:
TEXT 3.
Exercise 1 Find these words and word combinations in the text.
a)to ask for time off work
b)to improve the performance
c)to turn down a request
d)to make a claim