Материал: 2249

Внимание! Если размещение файла нарушает Ваши авторские права, то обязательно сообщите нам

Гипербола (hyperbole [haɪˈpɜː(r)bəli]) –

I have told you it a thousand

преувеличение, нацеленное на уси-

times

ление смысла и

эмоциональности

 

высказывания

 

 

 

Мейозис / Литота (litotes) – пре-

A cat-sized horse лошадь

уменьшение

размера

или значения

Her face isn't a bad one (means –

объекта. Литота

противоположна

beautiful).

гиперболе

 

 

 

She wore a pink hat, the size of a

 

 

 

 

button

Перифраз / Перефраз / Перифраза) -

The big man upstairs hears your

косвенное выражение одного поня-

prayers (“big man” means

тия при помощи другого, его упо-

“God”)

минание путем не прямого называ-

 

ния, а описания

 

 

 

 

 

Оксюморон (oxymoron) – создание

The suffering was sweet!

противоречия путем сочетания слов,

 

имеющих противоположные значе-

 

ния

 

 

 

 

Зевгма (zeugma) – опущение повто-

She lost her bag and mind

ряющихся слов в однотипных син-

 

таксических конструкциях для дос-

 

тижения юмористического эффекта

 

Метафора (metaphor) – перенос на-

Floods of tears,

звания и свойств одного объекта на

a storm of indignation,

другой по принципу их сходства

a shadow of a smile,

 

 

 

 

pancake/ball → the sun

 

 

 

 

Олицетворение

–

разновидность

All the trees were curtseying to

метафоры, прием, заключающийся в

the wind

приписывании неживому предмету

 

свойств живого

 

 

 

Метонимия (metonymy) – переиме-

The bucket has spilled.

нование; замещение одного слова

The hall applauded

другим по принципу смежности,

 

части / целого

 

 

 

Антономазия (antonomasia) – вид

The Iron Lady

метонимии.

Вместо

собственного

Casanova

146

имени ставится описательное выра-

Mr. All-Know

жение

 

 

 

 

Синтаксические (фигуры речи)

Инверсия (inversion) – полное или

Rude am I in my speech

частичное изменение прямого по-

 

рядка слов в предложении. Инвер-

 

сия налагает логическое напряжение

 

и создаёт эмоциональную окраску

 

Каламбур / Игра слов (pun [pʌn]) –

What is the difference between a

шутки и загадки, содержащие игру

schoolmaster and an engine-

слов

 

driver?

 

 

(One trains the mind and the

 

 

other minds the train)

Анадиплоcис (anadiplosis) – исполь-

I was climbing the tower and the

зование последних слов предыду-

stairs were trembling. And the

щего предложения в качестве на-

stairs were trembling under my

чальных слов следующего

feet

Эпифора (epiphora) – использова-

Strength is given to me by fate.

ние одного и того же слова или

Luck is given to me by fate.

группы слов в конце каждого из не-

And failures are given by fate.

скольких предложений

Everything in this world is given

 

 

by fate

Анафора / Единоначатие (anaphora)–

What the hammer? What the

повторение звуков, слов или групп

chain?

слов в начале каждого речевого от-

In what furnace was thy brain?

рывка

 

What the anvil? What dread

 

 

grasp?

 

 

Dare its deadly terrors clasp?

 

 

("The Tiger"by William Blake)

Полисиндетон /

Многосоюзие

I will either go to the party or

(polysyndeton ) – намеренное увели-

study up or watch TV or sleep

чение количества союзов в предло-

 

жении обычно между однородными

 

членами. Данный

стилистический

 

приём подчеркивает значимость ка-

 

ждого слова и усиливает вырази-

 

тельность речи

 

 

 

 

 

147

Антитеза

/ Противопоставление

Youth is lovely, age is lonely,

(antithesis/contraposition) –

сопостав-

youth is fiery, age is frosty

ление противоположных по смыслу

 

образов и понятий либо противопо-

 

ложных эмоций, чувств и пережива-

 

ний героя или автора

 

 

Эллипсис

(ellipsis) – намеренный

Some people go to priests; others

пропуск слов, не влияющих на

to poetry.

смысл высказывания

 

I – to my friends

 

 

Апозиопезис (aposiopesis) – внезап-

I if only could I ... But now is

ная остановка в речи, делающая ее

not the time to tell it

незаконченной;

прерывание одного

 

предложения и начало нового

 

Риторический

вопрос

(rhetoric/

Have you just said something?

rhetorical questions) – вопрос, на ко-

(Как вопрос, задаваемый чело-

торый не требуется ответа, так как

веком, который не расслышал

он уже заранее известен. Риториче-

слов другого. Данный вопрос

ский вопрос используется для уси-

задается не для того, чтобы

ления смысла высказывания, для

узнать, сказал ли что-то чело-

придания ему большей значимости

век вообще или нет, так как

 

 

 

 

это итак известно, но с целью

 

 

 

 

узнать, что именно он сказал

Повторение (repetition) – вырази-

Stop! Don't tell me! I don't want

тельное средство, используемое го-

to hear this! I don't want to hear

ворящим в состоянии эмоциональ-

what you've come for

ного напряжения, стресса. Выража-

 

ется в повторении смысловых слов

 

 

 

 

 

 

16.Translate the following examples concentrating on cases various expressive means used individually and in convergence.

1.He felt the first watery eggs of sweat moistening the palm of his hands (W.S)

2.Geneva, mother of the Red Cross, hostess of humanitarian congress for the civilizing warfare (J.R.)

3.Autumn comes and trees are shedding their leaves, and Mother Nature blushes before disrobing (N.W)

148

4.She saw around her, clustered about white tables, multitudes of violently red lips, powdered cheeks, cold hard eyes, self-possessed, arrogant faces and insolent bosoms (A.B)

5.He made his way through the perfume and conversation (B. Sh)

6.After a while and a cake he crept nervously to the door of the parlour (A.T)

7.“Someone at the door,” he said, blinking. “ Some four, I should say by the sound,” said Fili (A.T)

8.There are two things I look for in a man: a sympathetic character and full lips (I.Sh)

9.“There is only one brand of tobacco allowed here – “Three nuns”. None today, none tomorrow and none day after” (Br. B)

10.“Good morning,” said Bilbo, and he meant it. The sun was shining and the grass was very green (J.T)

11.Several months ago a magazine named Playboy, which concentrates editorially on girls, books, girls, art, girls, music, fashion, girls and girls, published an article about old-time science-fiction (M.St)

12.Last time it was a nice, simple, European-style war (I. Sh)

13.Her mother is perfectly unbearable. Never met such a Gorgon (O.W)

14.In the moon-landing year what choice is there for Mr. and Mrs. Average – the programme against poverty and ambitious NASA project (M.St)

15.We sat down at a table with two girls in yellow and three men, each one introduced to us Mr. Mumble (Sc. F)

16.She was a faded white rabbit of a woman (A.C)

17.Ten-thirty is a dark hour for a town, where respectable doors are locked at nine (T.C)

18.There were some bookcases of superbly unreadable books (E.W)

19.She behaved pretty lousily to Jan (D.C)

20.A neon sign reads “Welcome to Reno – the biggest little town in the world” (A.M)

21.Newspapers are the organs of individual men who have jockeyed themselves to the party leaders, in countries where a new party born every day over a glass of beer in the nearest cafe (J.R)

22.The girls were dressed to kill (J.Br)

23.Across the street a bingo parlour was going full blast, the voice of the hot-dog merchant split the dusk like an axe. The big blue blared down the street (R.Ch)

149

24.On little pond the leaves floated in peace and praised heaven with their hues, the sunlight haunting over them (G)

25.We were sitting in the cheapest of all the cheap restaurants that cheapen that very cheap and noisy street, the Rue des Petits Champs in Paris (H)

26.We are overbrave and overfearful, overfriendly and at the same time frightened of strangers, we’re oversentimental and realistic (P.St)

17.Translate, identify all the figures of speech used in each text.

1.Violet Baudelaire, the eldest, liked to skip rocks. Like most fourteen- year-olds, she was right-handed, so the rocks skipped farther across the murky water when Violet used her right hand than when she used her left. As she skipped rocks, she was looking out at the horizon and thinking about an invention she wanted to build. Anyone who knew Violet well could tell she was thinking hard, because her long hair was tied up in a ribbon to keep it out of her eyes (S. L.)

2.Sunny Baudelaire, the youngest, liked to bite things. She was an infant, and very small for her age, scarcely larger than a boot. What she lacked in size, however, she made up for with the size and sharpness of her four teeth. (S. L.)

3.Mr. Poe had taken them to the remains of the Baudelaire mansion to see if anything had been unharmed, and it was terrible: Violet’s microscope had fused together in the heat of the fire, Klaus’s favorite pen had turned to ash, and all of Sunny’s teething rings had melted. (S. L.)

4.Their home destroyed, the Baudelaires had to recuperate from their terrible loss in the Poe household; which was not at all agreeable. Mr. Poe was scarcely at home, because he was very busy attending to the Baudelaire affairs, and when he was home he was often coughing so much he could barely have a conversation (S. L.).

5.But even given the surroundings, the children had mixed feelings when, over a dull dinner of boiled chicken, boiled potatoes and blanched. - the word “blanched” here means “boiled,, -string beans, Mr. Poe announced that they were to leave his household the next morning (S. L.).

6.“And the baby bites,” Edgar said, tossing a chicken bone to the floor as if he were an animal in a zoo and not the son of a well-respected member of the banking community (S. L.)

7.Everyone talks about snows forty foot deep, and how the ice wind comes howling out of the north, but the real enemy is the cold. It steals up on you quieter than Will, and at first you shiver and your teeth chatter and you stamp your feet and dream of mulled wine and nice hot fires. It burns,

150

Источник: https://studfile.net/preview/16408306/