Who are you? = What’s your name?
How old are you?
Where were you born?
Where are you from?
Characterize Voronezh as an economic, industrial, scientific and cultural center
What are you? = What do you do? = What’s your occupation / job?
Do you work or study? Where do you work/study?
Do you follow the profession of your parents?
Have you any experience in the field of construction?
When was our University established?
What is the University now?
What faculty do you study at?
What subjects are the most interesting for you?
What degrees does the University award to its graduates?
What specialist will you be?
Is your profession one of the oldest, respected and always required?
Have you any friends? Who are they? What are they?
Hobby is something one likes to do for pleasure. What’s your hobby?
Speak about your free time activities. They may include dancing, cooking, doing crosswords, walking about the city, listening to music, reading books, talking photographs, singing popular songs, biking, studying a foreign language...
XI. Choose a topic about yourself, your student’s life, our University, or free time activities and act the dialogue with your partner.
XII. Sum up the topic Studies at the University.
Unit II
Phonetics: [i], [θ], [ð].
Grammar: Continuous Active and Passive verb forms. Adjectives. Degrees of comparison.
Text: Concrete.
Topic: Building materials.
Exercises
I. Pay attention to the pronunciation of these words.
[i] Mix, system, critical, similar, typical, significant, gypsum, since, its.
[θ] Thank, monolithic, length, think, strength, south, width, thermal.
[ð] There, their, than, then, without, those, rather, further, therefore.
II. Say, translate and remember the following words.
Concrete, innovation, Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, tunnel, bridge, Pantheon,
district, variety, prefabrication, gypsum, monolithic=in-situ, activity,
condition, mixing, hardening, aggregate, factor, element, bearing, main.
III. Put the sentences into Past and Future Continuous. Use the following words yesterday, tomorrow, soon, next week, that evening, at 5 o’clock, from…to Translate them into Russian. a). Make the sentences negative.
b).Ask the tag question. Write the answers “Yes”, “No”
There are two men in the room: one of them is writing something while the other is reading a newspaper.
What is Alexei doing this evening?
They are walking along the street and talking loudly.
It’s 5 o’clock and they are having their tea in the sitting room.
The students are still discussing the latest news.
Nick is telling them an interesting story at the moment.
You are making good progress in your English. It’s just splendid.
She is translating a difficult article from German into Russian now.
We (are translating, translate) a technical text now.
We usually (are not translating, do not translate) stories.
She ( does not look, is not looking) through all the newspapers every evening.
He (looked, was looking) through a newspaper when the telephone rang.
I (watch, am watching) TV every day.
What (were, was) you doing a minute ago? I (was watching, watched) television.
He had a late night. He (worked, was working) until midnight.
Yesterday he (worked, was working) a lot.
when I came, look, yesterday. Translate the sentences in writing and
discuss them with your partner.
She prepares her lessons in the evening every day.
She prepared her lessons yesterday.
She is tired, she will prepare her lessons tomorrow.
Students make experiments at the University laboratories.
Petrov analyzed the result of his research yesterday.
Water boils at 100°C.
The assistant wrote down the results of all the experiments yesterday.
Model: A new house is being built in our street.
A new house was being built in the centre.
1. New Metro lines are being constructed in Moscow.
2. This difficult problem is still being solved by him.
3. What questions are being discussed at the meeting now?
4. Who is being examined last?
5. A documentary film is being shown for the first-year students.
6. Can anybody tell me what is being done in room 344?
7. Why isn’t he being asked now?
8. Much is being done to beautify Voronezh.
Concrete [`kOnkri:t] - бетон, бетонировать
Hardening [`ha:dniŋ] - твердение
Acid-resistant [`æsid] - кислотостойкий
Fire-resistant [faiƏ] - огнестойкий
Building site [`sait] - строительная площадка
Monolithic = in-situ [in'saitju:] - монолитный
Precast [pri`kast] - сборный
To influence [`influens] - влиять на, воздействовать
Water-cement ratio [`rei∫iou] - водоцементное отношение
Quality [`kwOliti] - качество
Supporting elements [sƏ`po:tiŋ] - опорные элементы
Slab [slæb] - плита
Concrete is one of the constructive building materials, which led to great innovations: reinforced concrete.
It was used by the Egyptians, Greeks and Romans in the construction of roads, tunnels, bridges, town walls and underwater structures. Some of them have survived, for example, the Pantheon. This famous building stands today in the business district of Rome – much as it was built 18 centuries ago.
As cement was not known in those times, concrete was made of clay and later of gypsum and lime. At present concrete is made by mixing water, cement and aggregates usually sand, gravel and crushed stone.
There are four stages in producing concrete: 1) preparing the raw materials. 2) their mixing. 3) forming and 4) hardening. The resulting material is strong, durable, heavyweight or lightweight, acid-, fire- and corrosion-resistant.
There are different kinds of concrete: lightweight, dense, super-heavy, extra-lightweight, high strength etc. The kind of concrete depends on the aggregates used.
Concrete may be prepared at the building site and is called monolithic or in-situ concrete. It may be prepared at a factory and is called precast. Precast concrete elements are manufactured in a variety of sizes, shapes and lengths.
The strength of any concrete is influenced by the following factors:
• the activity of cement; • the quality of aggregates;
• the water-cement ratio; • the hardening conditions.
Prefabrication (сборное строительство) offers the customers:
• opportunities for good architecture;
• reduced energy consumption due to the heat in the concrete mass;
• environmentally friendly way of building;
• cost effective solutions especially when using modular design.
Concrete today is widely used in construction:
for residential buildings, hydraulic engineering structures.
for bearing elements: beams, floors, slabs, foundation units, sandwich panels, stairs and facades.
In conclusion I’d like to say that concrete is one of the main building materials in construction world.
Besides concrete structures are economic, safe and sound=strong.
1. Конструктивный материал. 6.Приготовление сырья.
2. Железобетон. 7.Измельчение, формовка, твердение.
3. Подводные сооружения. 8. Различные виды бетона.
4. Mонолитный и сборный. 9 .Полученный в результате материал.
5. Aктивность цемента. 10.Водоцементное отношение.
1. is, material, constructive, concrete, building.
2. Greeks, by, Romans, was, it, used, and.
3. made, clay, first, was, concrete, of, lime, and, gypsum.
4. a mixture, of , concrete, is, cement, and, water, aggregates.
5. four, in, stages, there, concrete, producing, are.
6. construction, concrete, in, used, widely, is.
7. precast, are, and, concrete, there, monolithic, element.
8. economic, are, sound, structures, concrete, safe, and.
Бетон очень важен для строительства.
Его издавна использовали для строительства дорог, тоннелей и подводных сооружений.
В производстве бетона четыре стадии. Назовите их.
Бетон это смесь воды, цемента и заполнителей.
Полученный в результате материал – прочный, кислотостойкий, жаростойкий и огнестойкий.
Какие виды бетона вы знаете?
Бетон можно приготовить на строительной площадке или на заводе.
Какие факторы влияют на прочность бетона?
Для чего бетон используют в строительстве?
Model: a) –What can you say about concrete?
-Well, I know that concrete is a popular material in construction world.
b) –And how was concrete made when there was no cement?
-In old times concrete was made of clay and later of gypsum and lime.
What is the information about?
What is concrete?
What stages are there in producing concrete?
What properties does concrete have?
What kinds of concrete do you remember?
What does the kind of concrete depend on?
What factors influence the strength of any concrete?
Is concrete a new building material?
Where and why is concrete widely used today?
Concrete is a constructive building material, isn’t it? And why?
Topic Building materials
a). Large - larger - the largest
(большой – больше, самый большой)
Important – more important – the most important
(важный – более важный – самый важный)
Good – better – the best
(хороший – лучше – самый лучший)
Bad – worse – the worst
(плохой – хуже – самый плохой)
Little – less – the least
(маленький – меньше – наименьший)
Many/much – more – the most
(много – больше – самый большой)
b). as…as – такой же как
not so…as – не такой как…
much…er than – намного…чем c). the…the – чем…тем
Exercises