Материал: Russian Journal of Building Construction and Architecture

Russian Journal of Building Construction and Architecture

ment safely partially covered, a relative area should be over 50 % of that of the grain element. The carcass structure of the foundation of a transportation structure contains technological voids between one shell and the grain element formed as a binder merges with the latter. These technological voids are used to equalize the pressure caused by moist in the pores of the grain element. In the winter season they prevent the shell from breaking apart caused by ice expansion and in the summertime moist turns into vapor.

The use of a polyurethane composite as a binder allows rigid elastic fibres and strong and durable connections at the contact points of the shells of the grain element. Polyurethane composites have a high hydraulic stability, resistance to external environment in different climatic zones, frost-resistance and compatibility with different types of fraction fillers such as crushed stone, gravel, etc.

In order to strengthen a foundation and (or) cover a transportation structure, it is most advisable to utilize a binder based on a two-component polyurethane system. A two-component polyurethane system has a good compatibility with different types of fraction fillers (crushed stone, gravel) (according to the GOST (ГОСТ) 7392-2002). A binder can be modified according to special requirements. All the materials for this two-component polyurethane system are manufactured in Russia, which solves the issue of import and high material costs.

Depending on various usage conditions (temperature, humidity), the optimal viscosity and polymerization rate of a binder allow the filler particles to be covered evenly and strong and durable “connecting bridges” to form at the contact points.

A one-component polyurethane composition whose viscosity is controlled with a mineral filler. A solidified binder of the carcass structure due to no contact of the grain elements allows the use of other materials as grain elements of the carcass structure of the foundation and (or) roadway surfacing, which expands an application range of a structure as different transportation structures are being designed. Fractioned crushed stone, gravel, stone, sifts, artificial crushed stone, fractioned secondary breakage (production of crushing and sifting) of construction materials is used as a grain element. The size of the grain element of the carcass structure of a foundation and (or) roadway surfacing is 5—120 mm.

A transportation structure can contain an upper layer of grain elements with a finer fraction or their sifts with the size of the grain elements of an extra layer being 5—15 mm. This allows the grain elements of medium or small fractions to be used to be used and material and labour costs associated with strengthening soil surfaces due to a wider range of fractions of grain elements to be reduced and more basic pouring tools to be utilized. On top of the structure strengthened with a polymer binder there can be a layer of asphalt or concrete surfacing.

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Polyurethane can be applied for repairing and laying crushed stone counter-corrosive structures made of solid and soft rocks of motorways as well as addressing a number of issues pertaining to strengthening slopes of crushed stone and gravel of different granulometric composition.

The system is polymerized (solidified) under the effect of natural humidity coming in contact with the air. It should be stored in insulated, tightly sealed containers respectively. A technological use time is 20 min [1].

2. Polyurethane binder used for laying and strengthening a transportation structure.

Polyurethane is known to be a heteroceptive polymer material with a macromolecule containing an unprotected and (or) replaced urethane group.

Polyurethane consists of isocyanate and polyol that are obtained using raw oil. As two liquid components ready to be processed that contain different supplementary substances are mixed, there is a chemically responsive mix. Depending on the composition, a range of properties of a resulting polyurethane and rigid, soft, integral, cell (foamed) or monolith material can be obtained that is prone to aging, has a low temperature and a high level of resistance to different environmental effects. Polyurethane is resistant to abrasive wear, most organic dissolvents, ultraviolet radiation and sea water. An advantage is that their elasticity (hardness) is programmed, i.e. it can range widely depending on the proportions of used materials. Polyurethane can be one-, two-, and three-component ones.

Shrinkage of standard samples has exceptionally technological characteristics.

Polyurethane items are greatly resistant to sharp atmospheric pressure changes, resistant to beating, industrially durable and have the properties that cannot be achieved for ordinary rubber [13]:

––elasticity (a relative lengthening during breakage is two times as large as that of rubber);

––low wearability (conditional wear resistance is three times as high as that of rubber);

––high strength (is 2.5 times as high as that of rubber);

––high resistance to tear and multiple deformations;

––performance at high pressures (up to 105 МPа);

––acid resistance and stability to a lot of dissolvents;

––extremely high hardness (up to 98 on the Shore scale);

––performance in a temperature range of −50 to +80 °С (during introduction);

––resistance to microorganisms and mould;

––resistance to vibration and oil and fuel;

––elasticity at low temperatures;

––high dielectric properties;

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Russian Journal of Building Construction and Architecture

––resistance to nitrogen;

––resistance to water.

Conclusions

1. The technology for strengthening slopes and dams, cones of bridges and pipelines based on polyurethane. This technology is easy to use and not labour-intensive (only requires staff of 1 or 2 people and no great amount of special machinery). It is also cost-effective due to its long life cycle (12 years) and its maintenance is not financially burdening.

2. This project is designed to strengthen foundations and (or) roadway surfacing, improve shear resistance, prevent migration of certain grain elements due to their varying nature, increase the load-carrying capacity of transportation structures, extension of application ranges of different construction materials and can be employed in construction, repairs, routine maintenance and renovation of transportation structure.

References

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Russian Journal of Building Construction and Architecture

DOI 10.25987/VSTU.2018.41.1.009

UDC 124.131.63 : 631.616

A. I. Tsaplin1, М. Ye. Zhalko2

MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF HUMIDITY URE TRANSFER OF UNDERGROUND WATER IN THE SUBBASE OF ROAD SURFACING

AND PREDICTING THE PARAMETERS OF A DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Perm National Research Polytechnic University

Russia, Perm

1D. Sc. in Engineering, Prof., Honored Worker of the Higher School of Russia Lysva Branch of the Perm National Research Polytechnic University Russia, Lysva

2Researcher, tel.: 8-34-249-5-46-13, e-mail: mihailz-49@mail.ru

Statement of the problem. The problems of searching for an accelerated solution of the problem of calculating the parameters of drainage systems are studied by means of mathematical modeling of water transfer in a porous subbase of a road.

Results. Based on an exact solution of a humidity ure transport equation in porous soils, a technique for investigating vertical filtration has been developed. It is shown that the rate of a rise in water levels along the height of the soil layer is unstable and changes as a maximum value of the height of a subbase is reached.

Conclusions. The technique sufficiently describes the transfer of humidity ure in a porous soil and is useful for accelerated analysis of the parameters of drainage systems in the subbase of a road. An example of the application of the procedure is given for a new scheme of water removal from under the roadway, which reduces the negative effects of frost heaving.

Keywords: road surfacing, destruction, soil freezing, filtration, fluid migration, mathematical modeling.

Introduction. Motorway foundations are water-resistant media, the water filtration rate for a single pumping gradient changes from several hundreds of m/day (for pebbles and gravel with coarse sand) to a one tenth proportion m/day (for weakly penetrated loam, sandy loam) [9, 14]. The height of a capillary lift over a mirror of underground water in sand can be 1 m and more and it can be 8 m in clays [14], the porosity of sandy soils varies in the range of 0.55…0.80 [4].

© Tsaplin А. I., Zhalko М. Ye., 2019

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