Материал: The Routledge Companion to the Study of Religion by John Hinnells

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Holley, Raymond, 1978 Religious Education and Religious Knowledge: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religious Education, London: Routledge.

Hull, John, 1984 ‘Religious Education in a Pluralistic Society,’ in John Hull, Studies in Religion and Education, London: The Falmer Press, pp. 45–55.

Jackson, Robert, 1990 ‘Religious Studies and Developments in Religious Education,’ in Ursula King (ed.), Turning Points in Religious Studies, Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, pp. 102–16.

King, Ursula (ed.), 1990 Turning Points in Religious Studies, Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark.

Kitagawa, Joseph M., 1959 ‘The History of Religions in America,’ in Mircea Eliade and Joseph M. Kitagawa (eds), The History of Religions: Essays in Methodology, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 1–30.

——Â 1983 ‘Humanistic and Theological History of Religion With Special Reference to the North American Scene,’ in Peter Slater and Donald Wiebe (eds), Traditions in Contact and Change: Selected Proceedings of the XIVth Congress of the International Association for the History of Religions, Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, pp. 553–63.

Klostermaier, Klaus K. and Larry W. Hurtado (eds), 1991 Religious Studies: Issues, Prospects, and Proposals, Winnipeg: University of Manitoba and Scholars Press.

Laporte, Jean-Marc, 1993 ‘Review of Religious Studies in Ontario: A State-of-the-Art Review,’ Toronto Journal of Theology, 9/2, p. 249.

McCaughey, Robert A., 1984 International Studies and Academic Enterprises: A Chapter in the Enclosure of American Learning, New York: Columbia University Press.

Myscofski, Carol and Richard Pilgrim (et al.), 1993 ‘Religious Studies and the Redefining Scholarship Project: A Report of the AAR Committee on “Defining Scholarly Work”,’ Religious Studies News, 8/3, September, pp 7–8.

Nesbitt, Eleanor, 1990 ‘Sikhism,’ in Ursula King (ed.), Turning Points in Religious Studies, Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, pp. 168–79.

Neufeldt, Ron W., 1983 Religious Studies in Alberta: A State-of-the-Art Review, Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.

Nicholson, Ernest, 2003 A Century of Theological and Religious Studies in Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Novak, Michael, 1971 Ascent of the Mountain, Flight of the Dove: An Introduction to Religious Studies, New York: Harper & Row.

Ogden, Schubert M., 1986 (1975) ‘Theology in the University,’ in Schubert M. Ogden, On Theology, San Francisco: Harper & Row, pp. 121–33.

Olson, Alan M., 1990a ‘Religious Studies,’ in Encyclopedia of Religious Education, Iris V. Cully and Kendig Brubaker Cully (eds), San Francisco: Harper & Row, pp. 549–51.

Olson, Alan M., 1990b ‘University,’ in Encyclopedia of Religious Education, Iris V. Cully and Kendig Brubaker Cully (eds), San Francisco: Harper & Row, pp. 673–4.

Prothero, Stephen, 2007 Religious Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know, San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco.

Prozesky, Martin, 1990 ‘South Africa’s Contribution to Religious Studies,’ Journal of Theology of Southern Africa, 70, pp. 9–20.

Pye, Michael, 1991 ‘Religious Studies in Europe: Structures and Desiderate,’ in Klaus K. Klostermaier and Larry W. Hurtado (eds), Religious Studies: Issues, Prospects and Proposals, Winnipeg: University of Manitoba and Scholars Press, pp. 39–55.

——Â1994 ‘Religion: Shape and Shadow,’ Numen, 41, pp. 51–75.

——Â1999 ‘Methodological Integration in the Study of Religions,’ in Tore Ahlbäck (ed.), Approaching Religion (Vol. I), Åbo: Åbo Akademic University Press, pp. 189–205.

Remus, Harold E., 1988 ‘Religion as an Academic Discipline’ (Part I: ‘Origins, Nature and Changing Understandings’), in Charles H. Lippy, Peter M. Williams (eds), Encyclopedia of the American Religious Experience, Vol III, New York: Charles Scribners Sons, pp. 1653–65.

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——ÂWilliam Closson James, and Daniel Fraikin (eds), 1992 Religious Studies in Ontario: A State-of-the- Art Review, Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.

Reuben, Julie, 1996 The Making of the Modern University: Intellectual Transformation and the Marginalization of Morality, Chicago: Chicago University Press.

Riley, Philip Boo, 1984 ‘Theology and/or Religious Studies: A Case Study of Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 1971–1981,’ in Studies in Religion, Vol. 13, pp. 423–44.

Rousseau, Louis, and Michel Despland (eds), 1988 Les sciences religieuses au Québec depuis 1972, Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier Press.

Sharpe, Eric J., 1986a Comparative Religion: A History, (2nd edn), London: Duckworth.

——Â 1986b ‘“From Paris 1900 to Sydney 1985” (An Essay in Retrospect and Prospect),’ in Victor C. Hayes (ed.), Identity Issues and World Religions: Selected Proceedings of the Fifteenth Congress of the International Association for the History of Religions, Redford Park: Flinders University Press, pp. 245–52.

——Â1987 ‘Methodological Issues’, in Mircea Eliade (ed.), Encyclopedia of Religion, Vol XIV, pp. 84–8. Shepard, Robert S., 1991 God’s People in the Ivory Tower: Religion in the Early American University, New

York: Carlson Publishing Inc.

Smart, Ninian, 1973 The Science of Religion and the Sociology of Knowledge, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

——Â 1990 ‘Concluding Reflections: Religious Studies in Global Perspective,’ in Ursula King (ed.), Turning Points in Religious Studies, Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, pp. 299–306.

——Â1995 ‘The Study of Religions’, in John R. Hinnells (ed) The New Penguin Dictionary of Religions, London: Penguin Books, pp. 498–500.

——Â 1996 ‘Some Thoughts on the Science of Religion,’ in Arvind Sharma (ed.), The Sum of our Choices: Essays in Honor of Eric J. Sharpe, Atlanta: Scholars Press, pp. 15–25.

——Â 1997 ‘Religious Studies in Higher Education,’ in John R. Hinnells (ed.), The New Penguin Dictionary of Religions, London: Penguin, pp. 420–1.

——Â1998 ‘Methods in My Life,’ in Jon R. Stone (ed.), The Craft of Religious Studies, New York: St. Martin’s Press, pp. 18–35.

——Â1999 ‘Foreward,’ in Peter Connolly (ed.), Approaches to the Study of Religion, London: Cassell, pp. ix–iv.

Taylor, Mark C., 1994 ‘Unsettling Issues,’ Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Vol. LXII/4, pp. 949–63.

——Â 1998a ‘Introduction,’ in Mark C. Taylor (ed.), Critical Terms for Religious Studies, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 1–19.

——Â1998b ‘Retracings,’ in Jon R. Stone (ed.), The Craft of Religious Studies, New York: St. Martin’s Press, pp. 258–76.

——Â1999 About Religion: Economics of Faith in Virtual Culture, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Thiemann, Ronald F., 1990 ‘The Future of an Illusion: An Inquiry Into the Contrast Between

Theological and Religious Studies,’ Theological Education, 26/2, pp. 66–85.

Walls, Andrew F., 1990 ‘Religious Studies in the Universities: Scotland,’ in Ursula King (ed.), Turning Points in Religious Studies, Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, pp. 32–45.

Ward, Keith, 1990 ‘The Study of Truth and Dialogue in Religion,’ in Ursula King (ed.), Turning Points in Religious Studies, Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, pp. 221–31.

Wiebe, Donald, 2006 ‘The Learned Practice of Religion: A Review of the History of Religious Studies in Canada and Its Portent for the Future,’ Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses, 35/3–4, pp. 475–501.

Wiebe, Donald, 2008 ‘Secular Theology Is Still Theology, Not the Academic Study of Religion,’ Bulletin of the Council of Societies for the Study of Religion, 37/3, pp. 77–81.

Williams, Cyril, 1990 ‘Religious Studies in the Universities: Wales,’ in Ursula King (ed.) Turning Points in Religious Studies, Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, pp. 46–56.

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Suggested reading

Hjelde (ed.) 2000 Man, Meaning, and Mystery: Hundred Years of History of Religions in Norway. The Heritage of W. Brede Kristensen, Leiden: Brill.

Focuses on the emergence of the field of the history of religions in Europe at the turn of the twentieth century, paying special attention to scholarly developments in the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark.

Jakelic, Slavica and Lori Pearson (eds) 2004 The Future of the Study of Religion: Proceedings of Congress 2000, Leiden: Brill.

Provides a wide array of perspectives on the nature of the field of religious studies and points to the problems facing the field, especially regarding the proper relations among the various sub-disciplines of the field.

Jensen, Jeppe Sinding 2003 The Study of Religion in a New Key: Theoretical and Philosophical Soundings in the Comparative and General Study of Religion, Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.

Examines the present conditions and future possibilities of the academic study of religion and is concerned to defend a theoretically oriented, comparative, and general study of religions.

Jensen, Jeppe Sinding and Luther H. Martin (eds) 2003 [1997] Rationality and the Study of Religion, London: Routledge.

Contributors argue that religious studies, like other disciplines in the university, must work within the framework of scientific rationality.

Kippenberg, Hans 2002 Discovering Religious History in the Modern Age, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Looks at the rise of religious studies in Europe and Britain as a response to modernization. Covers all the main figures who contributed to the emergence of a ‘science of religion.’

McCutcheon, Russell 1997 Manufacturing Religion: The Discourse on Sui Generis Religion and the Politics of Nostalgia, New York: Oxford Press.

Gives serious attention to the question of the nature of the theoretical object of religious studies with arguments against the notion that it is anything but a human phenomenon.

Massimo, Faggioli, and Alberto Melloni (eds) 2006 Religious Studies in the Twentieth Century: A Survey on Disciplines, Cultures, and Questions, Berlin: LIT. Verlag.

Proceedings of an international colloquium on religious studies with essays on the field in the twentieth century with a particular focus on methodology in the study of religious phenomena.

Molendijk, Arie L. and Peter Pels (eds) 1998 Religion in the Making: The Emergence of the Sciences of Religion, Leiden: Brill.

Proceedings of a conference that focused attention on the diversity of disciplines the field encompasses and on the boundary disputes among them. Special focus is given to the Netherlands, France, and Britain.

Preus, S. 1987 Explaining Religion: Criticism and Theory from Bodin to Freud, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

A clear analysis of the prehistory of the development of the field of religious studies, providing a history of the creation of a new intellectual ethos within which such an enterprise could thrive.

Reuben, Julie 1996 The Making of the Modern University: Intellectual Transformation and the Marginalization of Morality, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Provides a brilliant account of the emergence of the study of religion in relation to the marginalization of moral concerns in the curriculum of the modern research universities in the US.

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Wiebe, Donald 1999 The Politics of Religious Studies: The Continuing Conflict with Theology in the Academy, New York: St. Martin’s Press.

The primary concern of the essays in this volume is the political character of the academic context of religious studies in North America today.

Wiegers, Gerard A. 2002 Modern Societies and the Sciences of Religion: Studies in Honour of Lammert Leertouwer, Leiden: Brill.

Essays here are focused on developments in modern societies and how those changes influenced the scientific study of religions. In addition to European and Anglo-American developments, serious attention is given to religious studies in the Middle East, Africa, China, Indonesia, and Japan.

Chapter 9

Sociology of religion

Martin Riesebrodt and Mary Ellen Konieczny

Until the end of the 1970s most sociologists of religion seemed rather confident about their understanding of religious phenomena. We all more-or-less knew that modern societies were undergoing a process of secularization. Of course, this process could take different forms in different societies depending on their institutional order or religious culture. Certainly, very few sociologists expected religion to totally disappear. Most assigned to religion a legitimate space in the private sphere. Many assumed that religious institutions would undergo a process of internal secularization and would increasingly adapt to the requirements of modern institutions while maintaining their religious symbolism. Others expected religious values to permeate modern societies, leaving behind traditional forms of religion. Some imagined that national ideologies or civil religions would functionally replace religious traditions. But hardly anybody was prepared for the dramatic resurgence of religion that we have witnessed over the last three decades in which religion has re-emerged as a relatively autonomous public force, a marker of ethnic identities, and a shaper of modern subjects and their ways of life.

The renewed global importance of religion from North and South America to South and East Asia, from Europe to the Middle East and Africa has had a profound impact on the sociology of religion. It not only provided the discipline with an opportunity to revive the empirical study of religious phenomena on a global scale – more importantly, it challenged its conventional theoretical perspectives. Social theorists had to cope with their own cognitive dissonance between their expectation of secularization on the one hand and the actual resurgence of religion on the other.

The two most typical reactions to this challenge have been denial and instant conversion. Some authors have simply insisted that their expectations of modernization and secularization are basically sound. Focusing on the resurgence of religion in ‘third world’ countries has allowed them to pretend that these revivals of religion are part of an ongoing ‘modernization’ process. Not surprisingly, many have taken pains to detect a ‘Puritan spirit’ or an ‘innerworldly asceticism’ in such movements. Other authors have chosen the opposite route of instant conversion, denying any general trend towards secularization in the West and elsewhere. According to them, secularization, generally understood as ‘disenchantment,’ is not a necessary outcome of social differentiation and the rationalizing processes of capitalism, science, and bureaucracy as most theories had assumed, but is just an effect of the absence of a religious market and competition between exclusive voluntary associations. This present state of uncertainty and confusion in the sociology of Âreligion offers a good opportunity to review the development of the discipline from its nineteenth century origins to the present, and to point towards a future research agenda.