malnourished [ˌmæl'nʌrɪʃt] – с недостаточностью питания malnourishment [ˌmæl'nʌrɪʃment] – плохое питание
Mantoux test ['mæntuː] test – проба Манту mortality [mɔː'tælətɪ] – смертность
mortality rate [mɔː'tælətɪ reɪt] – смертность, коэффициен смертности needle ['niːdl] – игла
opportunistic infection [ɔpətjuːˌnɪstɪk ɪn'fekʃ(ə)n] – оппортунистическая инфекция, сопутствующая инфекция
pass [pɑːs] – передавать(ся)
passive smoking (secondhand smoking) ['pæsɪv 'sməukɪŋ] – пассивное курение pasteurization [ˌpæsʧ(ə)raɪ'zeɪʃ(ə)n] – пастеризация
pathogen ['pæθəʤən] – патогенный микроорганизм promote [prə'məut] – обеспечивать
psychological [ˌsaɪkə'lɔʤɪk(ə)l)] – психический
recovery process [rɪ'kʌv(ə)rɪ ˌprəuses] – процесс выздоровления rehabilitative [ˌriːə'bɪlɪtətɪv] – реабилитационный rehabilitation [ˌriːəˌbɪlɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n] – реабилитация
rule out [ruːl] – исключать safety ['seɪftɪ] – безопасность
screening ['skriːnɪŋ] – скрининговое исследование
secondhand smoking [sekəndˌhænd 'sməukɪŋ] – пассивное курение sexually transmitted disease [ˌsekʃuəlɪ trænsˌmɪtɪd dɪ'ziːz] – заболевание,
передающиеся половым путем smoke [sməuk] – дым, курить smoker ['sməukə] – курящий
sputum culture ['spjuːtəm ˌkʌlʧə] – посев мокроты sputum sample ['spjuːtəm ˌsɑːmpl] – анализ мокроты
stimulant ['stɪmjələnt] – вещество, стимулирующее центральную нервную систему, стимулятор
swollen gland ['swəulən glænd] – опухшая, отекшая железа syringe [sɪ'rɪnʤ] – шприц
take [teɪk] – принимать
T-helper cells ['tɪ ˌhelpə selz] – T-хелперы weight loss ['weɪt ˌlɔs] – потеря веса withdrawal [wɪð'drɔː(ə)l] – синдром отмены
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Add some new words, synonyms and expressions if you need
Comprehension review
Answer the following questions. Remember: only one answer is correct.
The cardiovascular system
1.What is the normal heart rate?
a)59 beats per minute
b)70 beats per minute
c)90 beats per minute
d)95 beats per minute
3.The largest artery of the body is:
a)vein
b)venule
c)artery
d)aorta
5. The vessels that carry blood from the body to the heart:
a)arteries
b)veins
c)venules
d)capillaries
7.Blood rich in carbon dioxide is called
a)oxygenated blood
b)mixed blood
c)deoxygenated blood
d)complex blood
9.The term “hypertension” means
a)an increase in blood pressure
b)a decrease in blood pressure
c)a stable pressure
d)a drop in blood pressure
2.What is the normal blood pressure?
a)140 over 90 mm Hg
b)130 over 90 mm Hg
c)90 over 60 mm Hg
d)120 over 80 mm Hg
4.The smallest vessel of the body is:
a)vein
b)venule
c)arteriola
d)capillary
6. The vessels that carry blood from the heart to the body:
a)arteries
b)veins
c)venules
d)capillaries
8.Blood rich in oxygen is called
a)oxygenated blood
b)mixed blood
c)deoxygenated blood
d)complex blood
10.The term “hypotension” means
a)an increase in blood pressure
b)a decrease in blood pressure
c)a stable pressure
d)an unstable blood pressure
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11. The structure that vertically divides the heart into two main parts is:
a)the atrioventricular valve
b)the septum
c)the pulmonic valve
d)the aortic valve
13.Anginal pain is described as
a)pain in the calf
b)chest pain
c)abdominal pain
d)eye pain
12.Stroke is described as
a)a sudden blockage of blood support in the brain
b)a venous insufficiency
c)a severe trauma of brain
d)a mild heart disease
14.The term “angina” refers to
a)a heart disease
b)a lung disease
c)a kidney disease
d)a bone disease
15. Diet for patients with heart problems 16. |
All these diseases are associated |
||
should be |
with cardiac problems apart from: |
||
a) |
low in cholesterol |
a) |
angina |
b) |
high in cholesterol |
b) |
stroke |
c) |
low in carbohydrate |
c) |
dementia |
d) |
high in carbohydrate |
d) |
myocardial infarction |
The respiratory system
1.The main function of the lungs is
a)carrying oxygen
b)breathing
c)rebreathing
d)pumping the blood
3.Chest X-ray is an examination of
a)vessels
b)spleen and liver
c)abdominal organs
d)lungs and heart
2.Inhalation is the process of
a)breathing the air out
b)treatment
c)breathing the air in
d)gas exchange
4. The patients susceptible to lung infections are:
a)adults
b)elderly people
c)newborns
d)teenagers
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5.The gas exchange occurs:
a)in the mouth
b)in the larynx
c)in the alveoli
d)in the main bronchi
6.The most common symptoms of a respiratory infection are:
a)coughing and sneezing
b)nose bleeding
c)nausea and vomiting
d)bradycardia
9.The term “visceral pleura” means:
a)the inner layer of the pleura
b)the outer layer of the pleura
c)the middle layer of the pleura
d)the lateral layer of the pleura
11.Tuberculosis can be prevented through
a)flue vaccine
b)BCG vaccination
c)Hepatitis B vaccine
d)polio vaccine
13.Bronchial asthma is thought to be an allergic disease of :
a)the bronchi
b)the larynx
c)the nasal cavity
d)the skin
7.Difficulty breathing is described as
a)normal breathing process
b)laboured breathing
c)deep breathing
d)regular breathing
8.The term “parietal pleura” means:
a)the inner layer of the pleura
b)the outer layer of the pleura
c)the middle layer of the pleura
d)the lateral layer of the pleura
10.Tuberculosis is known as:
a)a bacterial infection of the kidneys
b)a viral infection
c)a fungal infection of the lungs
d)a bacterial infection of the lungs
12.Lung capacity is greater:
a)in active smokers
b)in passive smokers
c)in sportsmen
d)in medical personnel
14.Lung problems are associated with external etiological factors:
a)acid rains and ozone layers
b)city garbage
c)dust and smoke
d)no one of these factors
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15. Sputum culture is a diagnostic procedure to identify an infective agent of:
a)the lymphatic tissue
b)the kidneys
c)the liver
d)the lungs
16.A flue infection is cased by:
a)unknown causative agent
b)a virus
c)a bacteria
d)a fungus
The gastrointestinal system
1. The stomach is an organ of the gastrointestinal tract located:
a)in the chest cavity
b)in the pelvis
c)in the pleural cavity
d)in the abdomen
3.The small intestine consists of such parts as:
a)duodenum, jejunum, ileum
b)ascending, transverse and descending colon
c)duodenum, ascending and descending colon
d)ascending, descending, transverse colon, and rectum
5. The pancreas as an endocrine gland secretes:
a)adrenalin
b)noradrenalin
c)insulin
d)somatotropic hormone
2.The esophagus is described as:
a)a muscular tube in the abdomen
b)a muscular tube in the chest
c)a bone tube in the chest
d)a bone tube in the abdomen
4.The large intestine consists of such parts as:
a)duodenum, jejunum, ileum
b)ascending, transverse and descending colon
c)duodenum, ascending and descending colon
d)ascending, descending, transverse colon, and rectum
6. Peptic ulcer disease is defined as a defect in the mucosa of:
a)the stomach
b)the intestine
c)the pancreas
d)the liver
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