Материал: Глебова Е.И. - Английский язык для медицинских специалистов, 2012

smoke. Some people think it looks cool. Others start because their family members or friends smoke. About 9 out of 10 tobacco users start before they are 18 years old. Most adults who started smoking in their teens never expected to become addicted.

Nicotine provides both a stimulant and depressant effects on our body. It is suggested that low doses have a depressant effect, while higher doses have a stimulant effect. The main problem is a mild physical and mild to strong psychological dependence to nicotine.

Smoking harms nearly every organ of the body. Cigarette smoking causes lung cancer, as well as many other health problems.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused by smoking is known as tobacco disease. It is a permanent, incurable reduction of pulmonary capacity. It is characterized by shortness of breath, wheezing, persistent coughing with sputum, and damage to the lungs, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Smoking contributes to the risk of developing heart disease. Any smoke contains very fine particles that can penetrate the alveolar wall and go into the blood. These particles exert their effects on the heart in a short time.

Inhalation of tobacco smoke causes several immediate responses within the heart and blood vessels. Within one minute the heart rate begins to rise. It increases by as much as 30 percent during the first 10 minutes of smoking. Carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke reduces the ability of the blood to carry oxygen. Smoking tends to increase blood cholesterol levels and decrease the ratio of high-density lipoprotein (“good” cholesterol) to low-density lipoprotein (“bad” cholesterol). It also raises the levels of fibrinogen and increases platelet production which makes the blood viscous.

Smokers not only develop wrinkles and yellow teeth, they also lose bone density, which increases their risk of osteoporosis. Smoking can

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cause fertility problems and can impact sexual health in both men and women.

Another huge problem is passive smoking, especially in families and public places. Passive or involuntary smoking occurs when the exhaled smoke from one person’s cigarette is inhaled by other people. Those who breathe in smoke secondhand can get many of the same problems as smokers do. Passive smoking involves inhaling carcinogens, as well as other toxic components. It is known to harm children, infants and pregnant women.

To reduce the risk of these problems smoker should quit his bad habit as early as possible. The earlier you stop, the greater the health benefit.

If somebody smokes and wants to quit, there is much information to read and think about. Support groups are available nowadays. Different approaches to quitting work for different people. For example, support groups exist especially for teens and young adults. Besides, the Internet offers a number of good resources to help people quit smoking.

The only thing that really helps a person is to avoid the problems associated with smoking. Staying smoke free will give you more energy, better performance, better looks, more money in your pocket, and, in the long run, more life to live!

1.What do you think are the main reasons of smoking?

2.List the effects of nicotine on human health.

3.Can nicotine cause physical and psychological dependence?

4.Will smoke quitting reduce the risk of health problems?

5.Does smoking cause an increase or decrease of the heart rate?

6.What is the effect of smoking on lipid levels in blood?

7.Is passive smoking as dangerous as active smoking and why?

8.How can we solve problems associated with smoking in our

society?

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Task 4. Are these statements true (T) or false (F)? If the statement is false, correct the statement.

1.Smoking causes both physical and psychological dependence.

2.Tobacco smoking increases lung capacity.

3.Blood viscosity, lipid and bad cholesterol levels tend to be elevated in smokers.

4.Active smoking is so-called secondhand.

5.To stop smoking is very easy, you need only to make the right decision.

GRAMMAR

Task 5. Complete the sentences using Passive Voice with the following verbs: reduce, characterize by, call as, associate with, aggravate by.

1.Passive smoking _______________ exhales smoke from one person’s cigarette.

2.Lung and heart problems ______________ by smoking.

3.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease _____________ tobacco

disease.

4.COPD _____________ by shortness of breath, wheezing and persistant coughing with sputum.

5.Health problems associated with smoking ________________

when a patient gives up smoking.

WORD-BUILDING

Task 6. Form nouns from the given verbs and complete the table.

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increase

reduce

addict

produce

develop

support

exhale

 WORK IN PAIRS

Task 7. Ask your partner about any medical terms relating to the topic and answer his/her questions.

Task 8. Complete the sentences.

1.Smoking is …

2.There are different reasons of smoking such as …

3.The effects of such a bad habit on human body are …

4.Smoking causes …

5.Tobacco disease is …

6.Its symptoms include …

7.Heart problems associated with smoking are …

8.Other health problems include …

9.Passive smoking is …

10.To stop smoking it is necessary …

Task 9. Discuss any information you know about the topic with a partner.

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Check your vocabulary abstinence ['æbstɪnəns] – абстиненция, воздержание abuse [ə'bjuːs] – злоупотребление

abuser [ə'bjuːzə] – наркоман, человек, злоупотребляющий к.-л. химическим препаратом

acquired immune deficiency syndrome [əˌkwaɪəd ɪˌmjuːn dɪ'fɪʃ(ə)nsɪ ˌsɪndrəum] –

синдром приобретенного иммунодефицита active smoking [ˌæktɪv 'sməukɪŋ] – активное курение addiction [ə'dɪkʃ(ə)n] – привыкание

addictive substance [əˌdɪktɪv 'sʌbst(ə)ns] – вещество, вызывающее привыкание attack [ə'tæk] – поражать

consciousness ['kɔnʃəsnəs] – сознание contaminated [kən'tæmɪneɪt] – зараженный craving ['kreɪvɪŋ] – страстное желание dependence [dɪ'pendəns] – зависимость

depressant [dɪ'pres(ə)nt] – вещество, подавляющее ЦНС, депрессант detect [dɪ'tekt] – определять

disability [ˌdɪsə'bɪlətɪ] – нетрудоспособность discontinue [ˌdɪskən'tɪnjuː] – прекращать donated blood [dəu'neɪtɪd blʌd] – донорская кровь drug [drʌg] – 1. препарат, 2. наркотик

drug abuser ['drʌg əˌbjuːzə] – наркоман habit ['hæbɪt] – привычка

halucination [həˌluːsɪ'neɪʃ(ə)n] – галлюцинация

hallucinogen [həˌluː'sɪnəʤən] – галлюциноген, вещество, вызывающее галлюцинации

heal [hiːl] – заживать

human immunodeficiency virus [ˌhjuːmən ˌɪmjunəudɪ'fɪʃ(ə)nsɪ ˌvaɪrəs] – вирус иммунодефицита человека

hypnotic[hɪp'nɔtɪk] – снотворное средство implant [ɪm'plɑːnt] – внедряться improvement [ɪm'pruːvmənt] – улучшение inhale [ɪn'heɪl] – вдыхать

life-threatening [laɪf 'θret(ə)nɪŋ] – угрожающий жизни living conditions [ˌlɪvɪŋ kən'dɪʃ(ə)n] – условия проживания lymph node ['lɪmf nəud] – лимфатический узел

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