Материал: Крючков Фундаменталс оф Нуцлеар Материалс Пхысицал Протецтион 2011

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System

No.

Action

Hardware function

Facility

responsible for

 

 

 

 

operation

 

 

 

 

 

1

NM receivers enter building 1

Check of receivers’ identification tags at the

ACS booth

PPS

 

 

internal access control point of building 1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

Receivers meet with the NM

Check of the right to receive NM (order)

Custodian

NM A&C

 

custodian in building 1

 

panel

system

 

 

 

 

 

3

The custodian and receivers enter

Check of identification tags and execution of

ACS terminal

PPS

 

NM storage room

the “two persons” rule to permit the entry

door

 

 

 

into NM storage room

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

Formalities are fulfilled to transfer

Check of NM conformity to request and

Storage room

NM A&C

 

NM from custodian to receivers

update of NM location data

terminal

system

 

 

 

 

 

5

The custodian and receivers exit the

Note of joint exit

ACS terminal

PPS

 

NM storage room

 

door

 

 

 

 

 

 

6

Receivers exit building 1

Check of identification tags including for

ACS booth

PPS

 

 

presence of NM

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7

Onsite NM transportation to building

Guarding of NM en route

Guard and

PPS

 

2

 

communication

 

 

 

 

facilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

8

Receivers enter building 2

Check of identification tags at the internal

ACS booth

PPS

 

 

access control point of building 2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9

Further: actions 2 - 6 are repeated in building 2 (the only difference is that NM is not removed but placed in storage

. . .

at building 2)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig. 9.1. Simplified example of an authorized NM transfer between two MBAs (from building 1 to building 2)

476

INDEX

The definitions of the terms have been taken from “ Dictionary of Terms on Accounting, Control and Physical Protection of Nuclear Material” (Moscow, TsNIIatominform, 2000).

Access

 

– entry into NM location areas.

Access

control –

a point on the perimeter of the protected

point

 

area equipped with engineered features and

 

 

systems to ensure authorized access thereto.

Access controls

–

equipment designed to detect unauthorized

 

 

actions with NM and intrusions into restricted

 

 

areas. Divided into surveillance systems and

 

 

tamper indicating devices.

Access control

–

a PPS subsystem that supports the tasks of

system

 

controlling access to guarded areas.

Accounting

 

–

measurements of parameters of an NM

measurements

batch the results of which (including

 

 

measurement errors) are entered in

 

 

accounting records and certificates.

Accounting of NM

–

a combination of measures and equipment

 

 

enabling sufficiently confident determination

 

 

of the NM inventory and NM flows.

Accounting records – documents showing data on prsesence, composition, location and state of NM using which this is accounted for.

Administrative – control by the nuclear site administration. control

477

Anomaly

–

a nonconformity of the physical inventory

 

to accounting record data.

Attributes

–

data that unambiguously determines the

 

presence or absence of any NM property.

Balance of NM

–

the relation between the book inventory and

 

the physical inventory.

Barcode

–

representation of data as a combination of

 

parallel variably spaced bars of different

 

thicknesses.

Batch data

–

data on the total mass and the element and

 

isotopic composition of NM.

Batch of NM

– a collection of single-type NMcontaining

 

articles the parameters of which are

 

determined in one set of measurements.

Bookkeeping

of –

strictly deterministic accounting of NM as

NM

expressed in cash or in kind.

Bulk form of NM – NM in the form of liquid, gas or powder, or a large quantity of solids that do not have individual identifiers.

Cask

– a package for NM.

 

 

Category of

–

a quantitative characteristic

of

the

nuclear material

significance of nuclear material in the context

 

of its special handling.

 

 

Certificate of item

–

a document enclosed with an

item

and

 

containing data on its basic parameters.

 

478

Checkout of NM

–

check of the physical inventory in an MBA

 

for conformity to accounting data.

Clearance

–

issuance, in due manner, of the permit to

 

enter/drive in guarded areas, performance of

 

work and obtainment of documents or

 

information.

Control of nuclear

–

measures taken to prevent unauthorized

material

uses of NM.

Conversion time of

–

the period of time needed under optimal

NM

conditions to convert the given NM form into

 

metal components of a nuclear explosive.

Custodian

– an emplo yee of the enterprise with the

 

responsibility for the storage of all NM in an

 

MBA.

Delay of intruder

–

the taking of measures towards slowing

 

down the intruder movement to the target

 

over the guarded area.

Destructive

– characterization of NM by its sample taking

analysis

and analysis.

Detection monitor – a device designed to trigger an automatic alarm in the event of an unauthorized activity

 

in the area for which it is intended.

Discard

– loss of NM in processing, longterm

 

storage or tests as estimated by calculations.

Efficiency

of – a property of a system showing the extent

system

to which it has been adapted to the tasks it is

 

assigned to.

479

Fertile NM

– a nuclear material which can be converted

 

into a fissionable material through capture of

 

a neutron.

Fissile material

–

a fissionable material the nuclei of which

 

can undergo, efficiently, fission by neutrons

 

of small energies.

Form of NM

–

a physicochemical state of NM (metal,

 

solution, gas, powder, etc.).

Forms of accounts

–

established model forms for documentation

and reports

of NM accounting and control data.

Handling of NM

–

a nuclear activity relating immediately to

 

NM.

Highly enriched

–

uranium with an enrichment of not less

uranium (HEU)

than 20% in U-235.

IAEA safeguards

–

a system of provisions employed by the

 

IAEA under its charter and the

 

Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) for the

 

purpose of nonproliferation of nuclear

 

weapons.

Identification of

–

matching of identification tags to

item

accounting record data.

Identification tags

–

unique features inherent in or artificially

 

rendered to anything.

Integrated system

–

a combination of several systems existing

 

in the conditions of interdependent operation.

Intruder (attacker) – a person who has committed or attemptin g to commit an unauthorized act, as well as a

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