Краснодарский университет МВД России
ВИДЫ ПРАВА
Учебное пособие по английскому языку для курсантов 2 курса
Краснодар
2018
УДК 811.111 |
Одобрено |
ББК 81.2 Англ |
редакционно-издательским советом |
В42 |
Краснодарского университета |
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МВД России |
Составитель А. Ю. Середа. |
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Рецензенты:
Б. Н. Селин, кандидат педагогических наук (Белгородский юридический институт МВД России имени И. Д. Путилина);
Л. М. Дегтярева, кандидат филологических наук (Ростовский юридический институт МВД России).
Виды права : учебное пособие по английскому языку для В42 курсантов 2 курса / сост. А. Ю. Середа. – Краснодар :
Краснодарский университет МВД России, 2018. – 74 с.
ISBN 978-5-9266-1397-8
Содержатся текстовый материал по различным отраслям права, упражнения по идентификации интернационализмов, послетекстовые упражнения, направленные на активизацию лексики и реализацию прочитанного в устной речи.
Для профессорско-преподавательского состава, курсантов и слушателей образовательных организаций МВД России.
УДК 811.111
ББК 81.2 Англ
ISBN 978-5-9266-1397-8 |
© Краснодарский университет |
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МВД России, 2018 |
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© Середа А. Ю., составление, 2018 |
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Введение
Настоящее пособие по внеаудиторному чтению включает в себя базовые отрасли права США, Великобритании и России, а также отдельные положения международного частного права. Все тексты актуальны и заимствованы из англоязычной юридической литературы. Информация излагается доступным языком, тексты нейтральны по своей профессиональной направленности, не перегружены терминами и сложными грамматическими конструкциями.
Должное внимание уделяется развитию навыков просмотрового и поискового чтения, знакомству со спецификой языка юриспруденции, расширению терминологического словарного запаса курсантов и слушателей юридических учебных заведений. Все тексты сопровождаются терминологическим словарем-минимумом.
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MODULE 1 LAW IN OUR LIFE
Unit 1 INTRIDUCTION
Text 1 What is Law?
Definition - определение
Confusion - смущение, путаница
Arise – возникать, появляться
The conduct - поведение
Condemn – приговаривать, осуждать
Regardless – неуважение, пренебрежение
Advantage - преимущество
The question 'What is law?' has troubled people for many years. An entire field of study known as Jurisprudence is devoted to answering this question. Many definitions of law exist, but for our purposes, law can be defined as that set of rules or regulations by which a government regulates the conduct of people within a society. Even with this explanation, many questions arise. Where do laws come from? Do we need laws? Are all laws written? Can laws change? If so, how? Are all laws fair? What is the difference between laws and morals?
To understand the law, we must consider the relationships of law to morals. Our legal system is influenced by traditional ideas of rights and wrong. Thus, most people would condemn murder, regardless of what the law said. However, everything that is considered immoral is not necessary illegal. For example, lying to a friend may be immoral but is rarely illegal.
One thing is certain: Every society that has ever existed has recognized the need for law. These laws may have been written, but even primitive people had rules to regulate the conduct of the group. Without laws, there would be confusion, fear, and disorder. This does not mean that all laws are fair or even good, but imagine how people might take advantage of one another without some set of rules.
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Comprehension questions
1.What science studies the question of law?
2.Who is interested in fair law enforcement?
3.What is the best way to understand laws?
4.Are the laws connected with morals?
5.Could you imagine a society without laws?
Ex. 1 Read the text and put the missing words in the gaps: forms of behaviour, descriptive, prescriptive, customs, rules, governments, behave, break, community, the law of the jungle:
The English word «law» refers to limits upon various ___1___. Some laws are
____2___: they simply describe how people, or even natural phenomena, usually behave. An example is the rather consistent law of gravity; another is the less consistent laws of economics. Other laws are ____3____ - they prescribe how people ought to behave. For example, the speed limits imposed upon drivers that prescribe how fast we should drive. They rarely describe how fast we actually do drive, of course. In all societies, relations between people are regulated by prescriptive laws. Some of them are ___4____that is, informal rules of social and moral behavior. Some are ____5____ we accept if we belong to particular social institutions, such as religious, education and cultural groups. And some are precise laws made by nations and enforced against all citizens within their power. Customs need not to be made by ____6____, and they need not be written down. We learn how we are expected to _____7____ in society through the instruction of family and teachers, advises of our friends, and our experiences in dealing with strangers. Sometimes, we can ____8____ these rules without suffering any penalty. But if we continually break the rules, or break a very important one, other members of society may ridicule us, act violently toward us or refuse to have anything to do with us. The ways in which people talk, eat and drink, work and relax together are
usually called customs. Members of every ___9_____ have made laws for 5