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themselves in self-protection. If it were not for the law, you could not go out in daylight without the fear of being kidnapped, robbed or murdered. In the absence of law you could only rely upon ____10_____. Every country tries, therefore, to provide laws, which will help its people to live safely and comfortable. This is not at all an easy thing to do. No country has been successful in producing laws, which are entirely satisfactory. But the imperfect laws are better than none.

Ex.2 Read the definitions of “law” translated into Rassian as «право, закон»:

1.A rule of conduct or procedure established by custom, agreement, or authority.

2.A set of rules or principles dealing with a specific area of a legal system.

3.A way of life.

4.A statement describing a relationship observed to be invariable between or among phenomena for all cases in which the specified conditions are met.

5.A principle of organization, procedure, or technique.

6.A generalization based on consistent experience or results.

7.The collection of rules imposed by authority.

Ex.3 Answer the questions using these expressions:

In my opinion / to my mind - по моему мнению

I can’t make up my mind, but - не могу принять решение, но…

I am keeping an open mind for the moment - Пока у меня нет никакого мнения. I am (not) sure that - я (не) уверен, что…

Firstly, (secondly) - во-первых, (во-вторых)

Finally - наконец

1.We can’t live without laws, can we?

2.Why does the society need the law?

3.What spheres of life are regulated by law?

4.Why should people obey laws?

5.What rules of behaviour are accepted in the modern society?

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6.Do you agree with the idea that people should look only after themselves and take no care about others?

7.What rules do you obey willingly?

8.What rules would you abolish if you could?

9.Do laws limit your personal freedom?

10.Is it necessary to all people to study law at school?

11.Do you feel that laws really protect you?

12.What law would you initiate if you were a Member of Parliament?

Ex.4 Read and remember idioms with “law”: Law and order – правопорядок

The law of the jungle – закон джунглей

To lay down the law - устанавливать право

Necessity knows no law – нужда не знает закона

To give the law to somebody – навязать кому-либо свою волю

He is a law to himself - для него не существует никаких законов, кроме своего собственного

To take law into one’s own hands - расправиться без суда

Ex.5 Read and remember word-combinations with “law”:

1.to make laws – издавать, принимать законы

2.to violate / break laws – нарушать законы

3.to obey laws - соблюдать законы

4.to enforce laws – обеспечивать (принудительно) исполнение законов

5.to apply laws - применять законы

6.to follow the law – избрать профессию юриста

7.to go to law – подать в суд

8.to be against the law – быть противозаконным

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Law of association Акционерное право

International trade law Международное торговое право

Ex.8 Read and translate these words and word-combinations. Define the branch of law they describe:

1.Collective bargaining agreements, protection from gender discrimination, wages and hours, health and safety of employees, disciplinary or termination procedures, minimum wage standards, full-time workers, vacation.

2.Divorce, child custody, child support, setting alimony and maintenance, marriage, parents, marriage contract.

3.Literary or artistic works, intangible creation, creator, piracy, trademarks, trade secrets, downloading music from sites.

4.Drinking water, air quality, fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, odours (аромат, благоухание) from a nearby dump, a polluter, pollution control methods, contamination, nature, trash, recycling.

5.Liquidity, insolvency, accounts, defaulting, liquid assets, capital, bank deposits, foreign currency, loans and credits.

6.Sovereignty, protection of nationals abroad, conventions, The United Nations Charter, treaties, sovereign states, foreign relations, multilateral agreements, mediation.

7.Taxpayers, audit procedures, payment schedules, tax calculations, flat or progressive tax rates, tax evasion, VAT, income tax.

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8.Government funding, sale of bonds, hard currency, funds, trends, capital markets, risk management, regulatory restrictions.

9.Offences, penalties, serious crimes, capital punishment, conviction, warrant of arrest, sentence, imprisonment, handcuffs.

10.Civil liability, negligence, harm to a person, defamation, compensation, plaintiff, defendant.

Ex.9 Read word combinations with “right”:

Right of action - право предъявления иска

Right of defense - право на защиту

Right to work - право на труд

Right to education - право на образование

Right of asylum - право убежища

Fundamental human rights - основные права человека

Right to property - право на собственность

Ex.10 Read and answer the question: What jurisdiction does the case fall under?

Matt and Luther decide to skip school. They take Luther’s brother’s car without telling him and drive to a local shopping center. Ignoring the sign “Parking for Handicapped Persons Only”, they leave car and enter a radio and TV shop. After looking around, they buy a portable AM-FM radio. Then they buy some sandwiches from a street vendor (уличный торговец) and walk to a nearby park. While eating, they discover that the radio does not work. In their hurry to return it, they leave their trash on the park bench. When Matt and Luther get back to the shopping center, they notice a large dent in one side of their car. The dent appears to be the result of a driver’s carelessly backing out of the out of the next space. They also notice that the car has been broken into and that the tape deck has been removed. They call the police to report the accident and theft. When the police arrive, they seize a small clear bag containing illegal drugs from behind the car’s back seat. Matt and Luther are arrested.

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