SECTION 3
1. Learn the words and word combinations:
the posted speed limit |
установленное ограничение скорости |
two-lane undivided highway |
двухполосное неразделенное шоссе |
ideal driving conditions |
идеальные условия движения |
dangerous and illegal |
опасный и незаконный |
stopping distance |
тормозной путь |
60 mph crash |
авария на 60 миль в час |
four times as great |
в четыре раза сильнее |
to have to go slowly |
вынуждены двигаться медленнее |
«fast» lane |
скоростная полоса движения |
to dart into the street |
выбегать на улицу |
to block the view |
загораживать обзор |
to pull out suddenly |
выезжать внезапно |
«blind» intersection |
«слепой» перекресток |
railroad crossing |
железнодорожный переезд |
warning signal |
предупредительный сигнал |
stray animal |
беспризорное животное |
to keep a «space cushion» |
держать безопасную дистанцию |
to enter freeway |
выезжать на автостраду |
to tailgate |
вести машину близко к впереди |
|
идущей |
2. Read and translate the text:
SPEED LIMITS
The «Basic Speed law» says that you must never drive faster than it is safe for the present conditions, regardless of the posted speed limit. The maximum speed limit on most highways is 65-70 mph (100-110 km/h). However, for two-lane undivided highways the maximum speed limit is 55 mph (90 km/h), unless posted for a higher speed. Other speed limits are set for the type of road and traffic in each area. All speed limits are based on ideal driving conditions.
Driving faster than the posted speed limit, or than it is safe for current conditions, on any road is dangerous and illegal. High speed increases your stopping distance. The faster you go, the less time you have to avoid a hazard or accident. The force of a 60 mph crash is not just twice as great as at 30 mph, it is four times as great!
If you block the normal and reasonable movement of traffic by driving too slowly, you may receive a ticket. Sometimes, of course, you may have to go slowly.
11
If you are driving slower than other traffic, do not drive in the «fast» lane. If you are in the left (or fast) lane, move to the right when another driver is close behind you and wishes to drive faster.
•Always drive more carefully near schools, play grounds, and parks because children may suddenly dart into the street. Sometimes lower speed limit signs are placed near schools, so look for them.
•Blind intersections are intersections where you cannot see for 100 feet (30 m) in either direction during the last 100 feet before crossing. Trees, bushes, buildings, or parked cars at intersections can block your view of cars coming from the side. You need to approach a «blind» intersection slowly enough to be able to stop if a vehicle pulls out suddenly.
•The speed limit is 15 mph (25 km/h) when you come within 100 feet of a railroad crossing. You may go faster than 15 mph if gates, a warning signal, or a flagman controls the crossing.
•If you see animals or livestock, slow down. Obey the person in charge of the animals. If you see a stray animal in your path, slow down or stop, if it is safe to do so. If you are driving a slow-moving vehicle on a two-lane highway or road where passing is unsafe, and five or more vehicles are following you, pull to the road wherever you can safely do so to let the vehicles pass.
When another driver makes a mistake, you need time to react. You can give yourself this time by keeping enough space between your car and the vehicles around you. Keep a «space cushion» on all sides of your car. It will give you space to brake or maneuver if you need it.
Many drivers do not see as well as they should because they follow too closely, and the vehicle ahead blocks their view of the road. Good drivers keep a safe following distance so they can see well. The more space they allow between their car and the car ahead, the more time they will have to see a hazard or accident down the road. Keep enough space between your car and the car ahead so that you will have «a bigger picture» of what lies down the road and steering to avoid trouble will be easier. You can travel in the center of the lane instead of hugging one side or the other to let you see ahead.
When you follow too closely and another driver «cuts» in front of you, the normal reaction is to slam on your brakes and swerve out of the way. Swerving out of way most often results in cutting someone else off or possibly driving off the road way. It might also result in the car behind you crashing into you or other cars around you. If another driver «cuts» in front of you, it would be better if you just take your foot off the gas. Do not overreact if you are cut off. Plan your emergency escape route before an emergency happens.
Keep a space cushion on each side of your car. Do not drive in the blind spot of another driver. The other driver may not see your car and could change lanes and hit you. If possible, make room for vehicles entering freeways even though you have the right-of-way.
Keep a space between yourself and parked cars. Someone may step out from between them. A car door may open. A car may start to pull out suddenly. Be careful when riding near bicycles. A bicycle rider could be seriously hurt in an accident.
12
Always leave plenty of room between your car and bicycle. Watch for tailgaters! If one is following you, be careful!
Brake slowly before stopping. Tap your brake lightly a few times to warn the tailgater before you slow down. Your brake lights will flash. «Lose» the tailgater as soon as you can by changing lanes. If you cannot change lanes, slow down enough to encourage the tailgater to go around you. If this does not work, pull off the road when it is safe and let the tailgater pass. Sometimes there will be dangers on both sides of the road. Give the most room to the worst danger if one danger is greater then the other.
3. Continue the sentences:
1.You must never drive faster than…
2.All speed limits are…
3.High speed increases…
4.The faster you go…
5.If you are driving slower…
6.If you are in the left (or fast) lane…
7.You need to approach a «blind» intersection…
8.If you are driving a slow-moving vehicle…
9.When another driver makes a mistake…
10.Many drivers do not see…
11.When you follow too closely…
12.If another driver «cuts» in front of you…
13.If possible, make room for…
14.If you cannot change lanes…
15.Sometimes there will be dangers on…
4.Put ten alternative questions to the text and give answers to them.
5.Write the summary of the text in English.
6.Choose the right variants:
A) Another trend is the replacement of physical knob and switches for secondary
controls with____________________. |
|
a) manual transmission |
b) single-seaters |
c) touch screen controls |
d) brake lights |
B) ________________a lot of state licensed professional driving schools where you may take driver education (classroom training) and driver training (behind the wheel) in.
a)There are
b)It should be noted that
c)It takes some hours to
13
d)It is important to note that
C)What began its life as a Roman fortification at a place where it was possible to cross the River Thames?
a) Roman capital |
b) Wales |
c) Greenwich |
d) London |
7. Complete the dialogue:
A.– This is Alfredo Santini from the Italian Consulate calling. _______________.
B.– I am afraid he is out to lunch. Would you like to call back later?
A.– I would like to leave a message, if you do not mind.
a)Could I please speak with Tom Brown?
b)How can I help you?
c)Would you spell your name, please?
d)Wait a bit, please, the line is busy.
8. Define the type of the document: |
|
a) Cover Letter |
b) Enquiry |
c) Reply to invitation |
d) Claim |
NATIONAL INSTITUTION OF RETIRED PERSONS
May 13, 2016
Mr. John Clark
Attorney-at-Law
200 Center Str.
Freeport,
Vermont 66521
Dear Mr. Clark
I would like to thank you on behalf of my colleagues for your invitation to visit the seminar in Moscow on June 24-25.
We consider this seminar as the further development of our mutually beneficial relations. We enclose here in our proposals for the agenda of the seminar.
We should be very grateful if you would let us know your opinion at a suitable time.
Yours sincerely, Andrew Polessky President
14
SECTION 4
1. Learn the words and word combinations:
motor factor auto parts store
to perform warranty and recall repairs the manufacturer's service schedule the manufacturer’s original spare parts
aftermarket parts
vehicle modifications and customization
paintless dent repair wheel alignment
brakes, mufflers and exhaust systems
competitively priced parts facilities
home delivery
scratches, scuffs and dents pushing out
2. Read and translate the text:
автомобильный агент (представитель) магазин автомобильных запчастей выполнять ремонт по отзыву /гарантии сервисный график производителя оригинальные запасные части от производителя подержанные запасные части модификация / настройка транспортного средства ремонт вмятин без покраски центровка колес
тормоза, глушители и выхлопные системы запасные части по конкурентной цене услуги доставка на дом
царапины, потертости и вмятины выдавливание
WHERE MOTORISTS CAN GET THEIR CAR SERVICED
Automotive garages and repair shops can be divided into following categories:
The auto parts stores or motor factors who also maintain service operations. This is not common in the United Kingdom but more common in the US.
Automobile repair workshops that are independently owned and operated businesses. These may also include regional or national chains and franchises including car dealership sites. In the United States, these sites are commonly certified by their respective manufacturer to perform warranty and recall repairs by that manufacturer or distributor. Independent automobile repair shops in the US may also achieve certification through manufacturer sponsored programs. In the European Union a recent law allows motorists more flexibility in selecting where they can get their car serviced.
Due to this legislation, maintenance and service work does not have to be done by the main dealer as long as the garage uses Original Equipment «Matching Quality» parts, and are recorded as such, and the garage follow the manufacturer's service schedules. The Block Exemption Regulation (BER) covers service and maintenance during the warranty period and prohibits vehicle manufacturers’
15