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warranties from including conditions that require normal maintenance to be provided within the vehicle manufacturer’s network or that all parts used must be the manufacturer’s original spare parts. This means that motorists benefit from open market competition in aftermarket parts, repairs and services thus reducing the cost of servicing through better labor rates and competitively priced parts.

Specialty automobile repair shops are shops specializing in certain parts such as brakes, mufflers and exhaust systems, transmissions, body parts, tires, automobile electrification, automotive air conditioner repairs, automotive glass repairs and installation, and wheel alignment or those who only work on certain brands of vehicle or vehicles from certain continents of the world. There are also automotive repair shops that specialize in vehicle modifications and customization. Oftentimes, various specialized auto repair shops will have varied infrastructure and facilities (for specific jobs or vehicles), as well as technicians and mechanics with different qualifications.

Online automobile repair shops providing home delivery of new and used auto parts of different late model and classic cars whose parts are not widely available in the market. Such kind of organizations is predominant in US with wide acceptance and high growth in UK also. The developing countries are still adapting to the e- commerce marketplace and it is expected that with its success in the US this will also prove to be revolutionary there also.

Automotive repair shops also offer paintwork repairs to scratches, scuffs and dents to vehicle damage as well as damage caused by collisions and major accidents. Many body shops now offer paintless dent repair, which is done by pushing the dents out from inside.

3.Continue the sentences:

1.This is not common in…

2.These may also include…

3.Independent automobile repair shops…

4.In the European Union…

5.This means that…

6.There are also…

7.Such kind of organizations…

8.The developing countries…

9.Automotive repair shops also offer…

4.Put ten general questions to the text and give short answers to them.

5.Write down the key words of the text.

6.Write а summary of the text in English and present it in a form of a report.

7.Choose the right variants and fill in the gaps:

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А) Agricultural _______________designed to be towed by farm tractors can handle

В) _______________ the other driver may not see your car and could change lanes and hit you.

С) Logging with __________ was common in the Pacific Northwest region in the

1890’s.

8. Fill in the gap in the telephone dialogue choosing the proper reply:

A – Would you mind telling him that I called? When is he expected home? B – _______________________________________.

A – He can reach me at the Grand Hotel, Room 20.

a)Sorry, the line is busy.

b)One moment, please, I am ringing.

c)I am not sure when he will be back. However, I will let him know you called.

d)Would you spell your name, please?

September 11, 2015

Dear Sirs

We recently attended the Software Trade Exhibition in Bath, and were impressed by the range of software available through your company. We are a large chain of business software retailers and are looking for a software house, which could supply us with a range applications programs.

We would be much obliged if you could send us your current catalogue and price list. We look forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours faithfully P. Barker

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Purchasing Manager

SECTION 5

1. Learn the words and word combinations:

2. Read and translate the text:

СOSTS AND BENEFITS OF CAR USAGE

A car is a wheeled, self-powered motor vehicle used for transportation. Most definitions of the term specify that cars are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods.

The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the modern car. In that year, German inventor Karl Benz built the Benz Patent-Motorwagen. Cars did not become widely available until the early 20th century. One of the first cars that were accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. Cars were rapidly adopted in the United States of America, where they

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replaced animal-drawn carriages and carts, but took much longer to be accepted in Western Europe and other parts of the world.

Cars are equipped with controls used for driving, parking, passenger comfort and safety and controlling a variety of lights. As of the 2010s, controls have been added to vehicles, making them more complex. Examples include rear reversing cameras, air conditioning, navigation systems, and in-car entertainment. Most cars in

warming. Vehicles using alternative fuels such as ethanol flexible-fuel vehicles and natural gas vehicles are also gaining popularity in some countries. Electric cars, which were invented early in the history of the automobile, began to become commercially available in 2008.

There are costs and benefits to car use. The costs of car usage include the cost of: acquiring the vehicle, interest payments (if the car is financed), repairs and auto maintenance, fuel, depreciation, driving time, parking fees, taxes, and insurance. The costs to society of car use include: maintaining roads, land use, road congestion, air pollution, public health or health care, and disposing of the vehicle at the end of its life. Road traffic accidents are the largest cause of injury-related deaths worldwide.

The benefits may include on-demand transportation, mobility, independence and convenience. The societal benefits may include: economic benefits, such as job and wealth creation from car production, sales and maintenance, transportation provision, society well-being derived from leisure and travel opportunities, and revenue generation from the tax opportunities.

The ability for humans to move flexibly from place to place has far-reaching implications for the nature of societies. It was estimated in 2010 that the number of cars had risen to over 1 billion vehicles, up from the 500 million of 1986. The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China, India and other NICs.

3. Continue the sentences:

1.Most definitions of the term specify that…

2.Cars were rapidly adopted in…

3.Cars are equipped with…

4.Most cars in use in the 2010s are propelled…

5.Electric cars began to become …

6.The costs of car usage include…

7.Road traffic accidents are…

8.The societal benefits may include…

9.It was estimated…

4.Put ten special questions to the text.

5.Write the summary of the text in English.

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6. Write the words in the sentence in correct order:

1.a motor vehicle, self-powered, а car, is, wheeled.

2.animal-drawn, replaced, they, carriages and carts.

3.cause, air, both, pollution, fuels.

4.are, to car, costs and benefits, use, there.

5.increasing, the, rapidly, are, numbers.

7. Acquaint yourself with the given information and learn the dialogues:

Формула, которая используется, когда вы делаете деловой звонок, выглядит так: a. Your name. – Ваше имя.

b. Your title. – Ваша должность.

c. Your company. – Название вашей фирмы. d. Whom you are calling. – Кому вы звоните. e. The department. – Подразделение.

f. The reason of your call. – Причина звонка.

A Secretary: Acme Manufacturing, may I help you?

Kunstler: Yes, please. This is Otto Kunstler from Swiss Trading Associates calling for Tom Jones.

Secretary: Would you spell your name, please? Kunstler: Yes: it is K-U-N-S-T-L-E-R.

Secretary: Thank you. Do you know which Department Mr. Jones is in? Kunstler: I think he's in Marketing. Could you look it up for me? Secretary: No trouble. Hmm, it looks like he's in Advertising. Kunstler: Thank you. Could you put me through, please?

Secretary: One moment please, I'm ringing Oh, sorry, it looks like he's busy. Would you like to leave a message?

Kunstler: No, thank you. I'll try again later.

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