Материал: 5118
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В докладе подчёркивалось, что нет никаких изменений в правилах обеспечения безопасности, и они остаются такими же, какими были в течение многих лет.
Exercise 107. Choose the correct answer.
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I knew that Mercury (be) the closest planet to the sun, but I didn’t feel like |
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answering the question. |
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A was |
B is |
C had been |
2. |
Mike hoped that his friend (help) him with the car. |
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A would help |
B will help |
C helped |
3. |
We didn’t know the score, but we were sure their team (lose) the game. |
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A has lost |
B had lost |
C lost |
4. |
Yesterday Tom heard that his aunt (be ill) for five days. |
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A was ill |
B has been ill |
C had been ill |
5. |
The children were afraid of making any noise – Mom (sleep). |
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A was sleeping |
B slept |
C had been sleeping |
6. |
He gave all his money to me because he (trust) me. |
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A would trust |
B trusted |
C had trusted |
7. |
We were told that Andrew (go) to enter that college. |
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A is going |
B went |
C was going |
8. |
The police found out that Bob Slant (live) in London’s suburb at that time. |
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A had been living |
B lives |
C lived |
9. |
My parents decided that we (celebrate) my birthday on Saturday. |
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A would celebrate |
B shall celebrate |
C celebrated |
10. |
The pupil wasn’t able to do the translation because he (not/know) some special |
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terms. |
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A hadn’t known |
B didn’t know |
C doesn’t know |
11. |
Ann hasn’t been informed that the lecture (not/take place) on Friday. |
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A hasn’t taken place |
B wouldn’t take place |
C won’t take place |
12. |
He said he (stay) at the «Ritz» Hotel. |
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A is staying |
B was staying |
C will be staying |
13. |
They realized that they (lose) their way in the dark. |
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A lost |
B were losing |
C had lost |
14. |
He says he (work) at school two years ago. |
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A works |
B worked |
C has been working |
15. |
I asked my sister to tell me what she (see) at the museum. |
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A has seen |
B had seen |
C saw |
16. |
I was sure she (post) the letter. |
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A had posted |
B has posted |
C posted |
17. |
My friend asked me who (play) the piano in the sitting-room. |
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A was playing |
B is playing |
C has been playing |
18. |
I knew that he (be) a very clever man. |
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A was |
B is |
C has been |
19. |
I want to know what he (buy) for her birthday. |
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A had bought |
B has bought |
C bought |
20. |
He said that he (spend) a fortnight in the Caucasus. |
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A has spent |
B had spent |
C spent |
21. |
He thought I (sing) an Italian song. |
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A sang |
B was singing |
C had been singing |
22. |
She said that she (read) a book for a long time. |
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A read |
B was reading |
C had been reading |
Exercise 108. Use the required tense forms in the following sentences.
1. She scarcely realized what (happen). Oh, Jane! I didn’t think you (be) so unkind. 3.
As we (drive), her eyes (stare) rigidly out of the car window. 4. Darkness (fall) when we finally (return) to the hotel. 5. I (sit) there for about ten minutes, pretending to read, when someone (sit) down at my table. 6. She (look) up at him from where she (sit). Her make up things (lie) in front of her. She (do) her face. 7. I thought he (come) in time. 8. I finally said that I (not/ wish) to hear any more about the subject. 9. Mark remembered that he (leave) the cab at the hotel. 10. We have heard that he (be) very clever. 11. My wife told me that in an hour she (go) for a walk. 12. He said he (leave) tomorrow morning. 13. She says she already (find) the book. 14. When I went into the office next morning I already (formulate) my plan. 15. She said she (can) not tell me the right time, her watch (be) wrong. 16. I asked my neighbour if he ever (travel) by air before. 17. The policeman asked George where he (run) so early. 18. I knew they (wait) for me at the metro station and I decided to hurry. 19. He says that he (know) the laws of the country. 20. He could not understand why people (not/want) to take water from that well. 21. The teacher told us that there (be) 26 letters in the English alphabet. 22. One day the boy asked his father how long elephants (live). 23. He told us how he (live) in the North. We were quite astonished when he said that the sun never (rise) in winter and never (set) in summer. 24. An old friend rang up to ask how Elizabeth (feel) and whether she (can) go with his wife to the concert on Sunday morning.
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Exercise 109. Translate the sentences.
1. Я думал, что ты занят. 2. Мы надеялись, что вы умеете плавать. 3. Том спросил, сколько раз в неделю мы занимаемся английским. 4. Врач сказал, что я должен остаться дома. 5. Она сказала, что любит исторические романы. 6. Я не знал, что он живёт на этой улице. 7. Он решил, что его товарищи всё ещё играют в шахматы. 8. Она сказала, что они обычно встают в 8 часов. 9. Ты знал, что он уехал за город? 10. Мать сказала, что они уже пообедали. 11. Генри спросил меня, где я достал эту книгу. 12. Он позвонил на вокзал и узнал, что поезд уже ушёл. 13. Она думала, что он уже закончил институт. 14. Том сказал, что видел этот фильм. 15. Мы сказали, что вернёмся через час. 16. Он полагал, что они будут работать вместе. 17. Мы сказали им, что не будем их ждать. 18. Она сказала, что была очень занята и давно не была в театре. 19. Я знал, что он чувствует, что я недоволен результатами его опытов. 20. Наш гид сказал, что автобус только что пришёл и отправится в Глазго через час. 21. Учитель сказал, что мы должны повторить все правила, если хотим сдать экзамены хорошо. 22. Она думала, что завтра будет хорошая погода. 23. Я знаю, что вам нечего бояться. 24. Я дам вам ответ, когда поговорю с отцом. 24. У меня было впечатление, что он находится там уже некоторое время. 25. Кстати, Тед знает, что моя сестра приезжает завтра? 26. Я думал, что вы позвоните мне, когда получите телеграмму. 27. Он пообещал, что поговорит с профессором, если увидит его в институте. 28. Он знал, о чём она думала. 29. Он не знал, что мы знаем друг друга с детства. 30. Она говорила, что книга ей нравится.
PASSIVE VOICE
В английском языке имеется два залога действительный (the Active Voice) и
страдательный (the Passive Voice).
Глагол употребляется в действительном залоге, если подлежащим в предложении является лицо или предмет, производящие действие:
John cooked the dinner last night.
Джон приготовил обед вчера.
Глагол в страдательном залоге выражает действие, которое направлено на лицо или предмет, выраженное подлежащим:
The dinner was cooked by John last night.
Вчера обед был приготовлен Джоном.
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Страдательный залог образуется при помощи глагола to be в соответствующем времени и причастия II смыслового глагола. В страдательном залоге употребляются следующие времена:
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in the Past |
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told |
was |
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shall |
be |
should |
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are |
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were |
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will |
told |
would |
told |
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Continu |
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being |
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being |
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told |
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have |
been |
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shall |
have |
should |
have |
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has |
told |
had been told |
will |
been |
would |
been |
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told |
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told |
Perfect |
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Continu |
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*При изменении глагола из действительного залога в страдательный меняется вся конструкция предложения. При изменении предложения из активной формы в пассивную, дополнение предложения в активной форме становится подлежащим предложения в пассивной форме; глагол действительного залога становится глаголом страдательного залога, а подлежащее предложения в активной форме становится предложным дополнением, которое вводится предлогом by или вовсе опускается:
Active |
Passive |
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The boy fed the horse. |
The horse was fed by the boy. |
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Lena is washing the towel. |
The towel is being washed by Lena. |
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They have told Steve about it. |
Steve has been told about it. |
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We shall dig the ground with a spade. |
The ground will be dug with a spade (by us). |
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*Предлог by употребляется в страдательном залоге перед дополнением, если речь идёт о лице или предмете, совершающем действие; предлог with в страдательном залоге так же, как и в действительном залоге, перед дополнением означает орудие или инструмент, посредством которого совершается действие:
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Tolstoy’s works are read by millions.
The road was illuminated by the moon.
The house is surrounded by a fence.
The snake was killed by the hunter with a stone.
The soup is eaten with a spoon.
Exercise 110. Change the sentences from Active to Passive Voice.
1. We received this letter after his departure. 2. Have the dogs ever attacked you? 3. Bees gather honey from the flowers. 4. The storm drove the ship against the rock. 5. Who discovered the circulation of the blood? 6. The man is selling ice-cream but he is not selling chocolate ice-cream. 7. The little boy showed us the way. (2 cases) 8. They offered her some interesting work. (2 cases) 9. The doctor ordered her a long rest. (2 cases) 10. They often speak about him. 11. Everybody laughed at this funny animal. 12. We have been looking for you. 13. We shall insist upon strict discipline. 14. They teach pupils English and French at this school.
Exercise 111. Open the brackets, using the verbs in Present, Past или Future Simple, active or passive.
1. Bread (to eat) every day. 2. The letter (to receive) yesterday. 3. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week. 4. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday. 5. I (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday. 6. Many houses (to build) in our town every year. 7. This work (to do) tomorrow. 8. This text (to translate) at the last lesson. 9. These trees (to plant) last autumn. 10. Many interesting games always (to play) at our PT lessons. 11. We (to invite) to a concert last Sunday. 12. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London. 13. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703. 14. It’s a big factory. Five hundred people (employ) there. 15. Water (cover) most of the Earth’s surface. 16. Most of the Earth’s surface (cover) by water. 17. The park gates (lock) at 6.30 p.m. every evening. 18. The letter (post) a week ago and it (arrive) yesterday. 19. The boat
(sink) quickly but fortunately everybody (rescue). 20. Ron’s parents (die) when he was very young. He and his sister (bring) up by their grandparents. 21. I was born in London but I (grow) up in the north of England. 22. While I was on holiday, my camera (steal) from my hotel room. 23. Why Sue (resign) from her job? Didn’t she enjoy it? 24. Why Bill (sack) from his job? What did he do wrong? 25. The company is not independent. It (own) by a much larger company. 26. I saw as accident last night. Somebody (call) an ambulance but nobody (injure) so the ambulance (not/need).