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Prostatic |
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Most common cancer in men; usually occurs after |
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carcinoma |
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age 50, and the incidence increases with age |
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Associated with race (more common in African |
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Americans than in Caucasians, relatively rare in Asians) |
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May present with urinary problems or a palpable mass |
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on rectal examination |
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Prostate cancer more common than. lung cancer, but |
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lung cancer is bigger killer |
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Metastases may occur via the lymphatic or |
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hematogenous route |
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• Bone commonly involved with osteoblastic |
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metastases, typically in the pelvis and lower vertebrae |
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Elevated PSA, together with an enlarged prostate on |
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digital rectal exam, highly suggestive of carcinoma |
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Most patients present with advanced disease and have |
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a 10-year survival rate of<30% |
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Treatment: surgery, radiation, and hormonal modalities |
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(orchiectomy and androgen blockade). |
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Benign prostatic |
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Formation of large nodules in the periurethral region |
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hyperplasia |
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(median lobe) of the prostate |
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May narrow the urettual canal to produce varying |
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degrees of urinary obstruction and difficulty urinating |
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It is increasingly common after age 45; incidence |
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increases steadily with age |
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Can follow an asymptomatic pattern, or can result in |
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urinary symptoms and urinary retention |
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Prostatitis |
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Acute |
Results from a bacterial infection of the prostate |
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• Pathogens are often organisms that cause urinary tract |
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Escherichia coli most common |
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infection |
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Bacteria spread by direct extension from the posterior |
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urethra or the bladder; lymphatic or hematogenous |
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spread can also occur |
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Chronic |
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Common cause of recurrent urinary tract infections in |
Both forms may be asymptomatic or may present with lower back pain and urinary sym ptoms
