Table IV-1-4. Germ layer Derivatives
Ectoderm Surface ectoderm
Epidermis Hair Nails
Inner ear, external ear Ei:namelofteeth
Lens of eye
Anterior pituitary (Rathke's pe>uch) Parotid gland
Neuroectoderm
Neural tube
Central nervous system
Retina and optic nerve
Rineal gland
Neurohypophysis
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes (CNS myelin)
Neural crest
Adrenal medulla
Ganglia
Sensory (unipolar)
Autonomic (postganglionic)
Pigment cells (melanocytes)
Schwann cells (PNS myelin)
Meninges
Pia and arachne>id mater
Pharyngeal areh cartilage (First Arch Syndromes)
Odontoblasts
Parafollicular (C:) cells
Aorticopulmonary septum (Tetrology of Fallot)
Endocardiat cushions (Down
Syndrome)
Yolk sac derivatives:
Primordial germ cells
Early blood and blood vessels
Mesoderm
Muscle
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
Connective tissue
All serous membranes Bone and cartilage
Blood, lymph, cardiovascular organs
Adrenal cortex
Gonads and internal reproductive organs
Spleen
Kidney and ureter Dura mater
Endoderm
Forms epithelial parts of:
Tonsils
Thymus
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Tympanic cavity
Auditory tube
GI tract
Forms parenchyma of:
Liver
Pancreas
Tonsils
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands Glands ofthe GI tract Submandibutar gland Sublingual gland
