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The Future of Hydrogen

Chapter 6: Policies to boost momentum in key value chains

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PAGE | 196

The Future of Hydrogen

Abbreviations and acronyms

ASU	air separation unit
ATR	autothermal reforming
BEV	battery electric vehicle
BF-BOF	blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace
CAES	compressed air energy storage;
CAPEX	capital expenditure
CCGT	combined-cycle gas turbine
CH3OH	methanol
CNG	compressed natural gas
CO	carbon monoxide
CO2	carbon dioxide
CCS	carbon capture and storage
CCUS	carbon capture, utilisation and storage
CNG	compressed natural gas
CSA	Central and South America
CSIRO	Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
DAC	direct air capture
DRI	direct reduced iron
DRI-EAF	direct reduced iron-electric arc furnace
EAF	electric arc furnace
EOR	enhanced oil recovery
FC	fuel cell
FCEV	fuel cell electric vehicle
FLH	fuel load hours
FT	Fischer-Tropsch
G20	Group of Twenty
GHG	greenhouse gas
GT	gas turbine
H2	hydrogen
HESC	Hydrogen Energy Supply Chain
HVC	high-value chemical
ICE	internal combustion engine
IEA	International Energy Agency
IMO	International Maritime Organization
IPHE	International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy
ISO	International Organization for Standardization
JUMP	Joint Use Modular Plant
LCFS	low carbon fuel standard
LHV	lower heating value
Li-Ion	lithium-ion
LNG	liquefied natural gas
LOHC	liquid organic hydrogen carrier
LPG	liquefied petroleum gas
MCFC	molten carbonate fuel cell
MCH	methylcyclohexane
MeOH	methanol
N2	nitrogen
NG	natural gas
NH3	ammonia
	PAGE \| 197

The Future of Hydrogen

NOx	nitrogen oxides
OPEX	operational expenditure
PAFC	phosphoric acid fuel cells
PEM	proton exchange membrane
PEMFC	polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
PHES	pumped-hydro energy storage
PV	photovoltaic
R&D	research and development
RD&D	research, development and demonstration
RoW	rest of world
rSOEC	reversible solid oxide electrolyser cell
SDS	Sustainable Development Scenario
SMR	steam methane reforming
SOEC	solid oxide electrolysis cell
SOFC	solid oxide fuel cells
US DOE	United States Department of Energy
VLSFO	very low sulphur fuel oil
VRE	variable renewable energy
WACC	weighted average cost of capital
WAG	works-arising gases
WGS	water-gas-shift
w/	with
w/o	without
ZEV	zero-emission vehicle
Units of measure
bbl	barrel
bbl/d	barrels per day
bcm	billion cubic metres
bcm/yr	billion cubic metres per year
cm/s	centimetres per second
gCO2	gram of carbon dioxide
gCO2/kWh	grams of carbon dioxide per kilowatt hour
GJ	gigajoule
Gt/yr	gigatonnes per year
GtCO2	gigatonne of carbon dioxide
GtCO2/yr	gigatonnes of carbon dioxide per year
GW	gigawatt
GWh	gigawatt hour
h	hour
kb/d	thousand barrels per day
kg	kilogram
kgCO2	kilogram of carbon dioxide
kgH2	kilogram of hydrogen
kg/m3	kilograms per cubic metre
km	kilometre
ktH2	kilotonne of hydrogen
ktH2/yr	kilotonnes of hydrogen per year
kW	kilowatt
kWe	kilowatt electrical
kWh	kilowatt hour
kWh-eq	kilowatt hour equivalent
kWH2	kilowatt of hydrogen
m2	square metre
m2/kWe	square metre per kilowatt electrical
	PAGE \| 198

Abbreviations and acronyms

The Future of Hydrogen		Abbreviations and acronyms
m3	cubic metre
mb/d	million barrels per day
MBtu	million British thermal units
MJ	megajoule
MJ/L	megajoules per litre
MJ/kg	megajoules per kilogram
Mt	million tonnes
Mt/yr	million tonnes per year
MtH2	million tonnes of hydrogen
MtH2/yr	million tonnes of hydrogen per year
MtCO2/yr	million tonnes of carbon dioxide per year
Mtoe	million tonnes of oil equivalent
Mtoe/yr	million tonnes of oil equivalent per year
MW	megawatt
MWe	megawatt electrical
MWh	megawatt hour
MWH2	megawatts of hydrogen
t	tonne
tCO2	tonne of carbon dioxide
tCO2/t	tonne of carbon dioxide per tonne
tCO2/tH2	tonne of carbon dioxide per tonne of hydrogen
tH2	tonne of hydrogen
tH2/yr	tonnes of hydrogen per year
tNH3	tonne of ammonia
tpd	tonnes per day
TWh	terawatt hour
TWh/yr	terawatt hours per year

PAGE | 199

Report prepared by the IEA for the G20, Japan

Japan’s G20 presidency 2019 asked the International Energy Agency to analyse progress in G20 countries and beyond to provide a firm foundation for high-level discussions of hydrogen, based on common a understanding of its status and prospects. The Japan presidency, which began on 1 December 2018 and runs through 30 November 2019, has placed a strong focus on innovation, business and finance.[1] In the areas of energy and the environment, Japan wishes to create a “virtuous cycle between the environment and growth”, which is the core theme of the G20 Ministerial Meeting on Energy Transitions and Global Environment for Sustainable Growth in Karuizawa, Japan, 15-16 June 2019.

A first draft report was presented to the 2nd meeting of the G20 Energy Transitions Working Group (ETWG), held through 18-19 April 2019. This final report incorporates feedback and comments submitted during April by the G20 membership, and was shared with the ETWG members.

This final report is cited in “PROPOSED DOCUMENTS FOR THE JAPANESE PRESIDENCY OF THE G20” that was distributed to the G20 Energy Ministers, who convened in Karuizawa on 15-16 June 2019.

This report, prepared as an input for the 2019 G20 Osaka Summit, is an IEA contribution; it is not submitted for formal approval by energy ministers, nor does it reflect the G20 membership’s national or collective views. The report lays out where things stand now; the ways in which hydrogen can help to achieve a clean, secure and affordable energy future; and how governments and industry can go about realising its potential. Together with other related information, the report can be found at the IEA hydrogen web portal at https://www.iea.org/topics/hydrogen/.

[1] For an overview of the vision and priorities of the G20 Japan presidency, see www.japan.go.jp/g20japan/.

Источник: https://studfile.net/preview/16663998/

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