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We can look at these data as fully reliable.

One can consider these data from a different viewpoint. There is a different approach to these data.

There may be an alternative interpretation of our results. Dr. N. presented data which had a bearing on ...

We have presented some data which seemed to have no direct bearing on...

These data are briefly summarized as follows. Our basic results may be shown in tables.

This table shows the results we have obtained from studies of...

EVIDENCE

There is some evidence showing that...

At present there is enough evidence suggesting that...

At present we have sufficient evidence indicating that...

There was little evidence, which would show...

We still do not have any direct evidence of...

The author has presented convincing evidence, which

shows...

Some evidence o f... is seen in experiments with...

Good evidence of favour o f ... has been found using the

new method.

Nodirectevidencefor...couldbe foundinexperimentswith...

The evidence obtained from ... supports the current con­

cept of...

The evidence we have reported pointed to...

This evidence may be regarded as quite reliable.

Their evidence can be considered from quite a different

point of view.

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ASSUMPTION

This is only a preliminary assumption.

There is an assumption that such effects depend largely

on...

The theory is based on an assumption that...

Our basic assumption is that the changes are due to...

What they observed fully contradicted the earlier as­

sumption that...

The theory does not agree with the recent assumption

that...

Some of our findings are in good agreement with the

basic assumption that...

Our new assumption was fully supported in studies

with...

What we have assumed is valid because...

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What was assumed earlier did not seem to be the true

situation.

What the author previously assumed did not hold true.

HYPOTHESIS

This hypothesis was advanced in 1953.

The above hypothesis was put forward in the early 60’s. The author N. suggested his hypothesis in the late 40's. He advanced his hypothesis as far back as the mid-

XVIIIth century.

The hypothesis o f... is offered to explain that...

These hypotheses have been put forward to explain the process of...

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A hypothesis has recently been advanced that...

Their hypothesis is that...

The hypothesis of... holds that...

We suggest a hypothesis, which maintains that...

According to this hypothesis the structure remains unaf­ fected.

The above hypothesis seems quite attractive.

They suggest a hypothesis, which is not quite reliable. What they believe does not seem exactly the case.

The last two hypotheses have not yet been verified by studies.

To check our hypothesis we have made a number of ex­ periments.

To test this hypothesis we carried out many sets of ex­ periments.

A number of experiments were carried out to support that hypothesis.

The hypothesis o f... is accepted nowadays.

The hypothesis of ... can hardly be regarded as a true one.

The hypothesis is no longer valid. This hypothesis ought to be rejected.

THEORY

The theory of... was developed as early as 1900. The theory of... was formulated 50 years ago.

An alternative theory was then put forward in the 60’s. These authors created a new theory.

These workers have developed an interesting theory. Our theory is based on the idea that...

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His theory rests on the assumption that...

The underlying concept of this theory is as follows.

A new theory, which is based on ..., has been developed byN.

This is an alternative theory that changes much a previ­ ous one.

The following basic concepts underline this theory. There are two basic ideas that underline our theory. The object of this theory is to explain...

The aim of this theory was to prove that...

This newly developed theory holds that...

The theory advanced by ... maintains that...

According to our theory we can confirm that...

There are some faults in the theory developed by N. The theory of... is quite good for the explanation of...

The theory by N. seems adequate to explain the origin of...

Their theory seems unsuitable in some respects.

This was a theory which was inadequate in some details. To my opinion, this theory is quite meaningless.

This new theory does not seem convincing to interpret...

That was a theory, which was not satisfactory when ap­ plied to...

The new theory is believed to be quite correct. The old theory is no longer considered to be true. This theory is regarded as the most competent. We consider this theory to be quite reliable.

We do not regard the current theory as a suitable one. We no longer look upon this theory as a true one. Our theory can be regarded as quite correct.

This theory cannot be looked upon as quite true.

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This old theory should not be treated as the most con­ vincing because...

Their theory ought to be treated with caution. Their theory can only be used in a few situations. This theory applies to other systems.

The above theory can be applied to...

The validity of the theory becomes obvious when...

The validity of the theory has been proved nowadays by N.

The theory o f ... has been further proved by many sci­ entists.

The old theory was verified only nowadays.

This newly developed theory gains a new experimental support.

The theory o f ... has gained universal recognition at pre­ sent.

The new theory is not applied to all cases of...

The theory is not valid for...

The theory o f ... could not hold true for...

The new theory was not proved experimentally.

The newly developed theory cannot be tested by ex­ periment.

As we have seen the above theory must be rejected as totally wrong.

As can be seen the authors gave up their theory, as it proved incorrect.

This theory does not explain what mechanism underlies these events.

The theory by ... fails to explain the causes of...

We can interpret these findings using the above theory.

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