These findings can be explained on the basis of this the ory.
These findings fit into this theory.
Such phenomena are not in line with the current theory. The two theories have something in common.
Our theories seem to have little in common. Their theories have some common features. There is one feature common to both theories.
The two theories are fundamentally different as far as their main points are concerned.
The two theories seem to be totally different. The two theories seem to be essentially the same.
The two theories differ fundamentally in their principal ideas.
The two theories do not differ essentially in their, pos tulates.
There is some difference between the theories» There is little difference between the two theories. There is a great difference between these theories.
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PartП
EXERCISES WITH SPEECH PATTERNS
FOR SCIENTISTS
PROBLEM
Exercise 1. Name some problems that can be regarded as:
a)fundamental ones in: nuclear physics, plasma physics, mathematics, genetics, your field;
b)most challengingones in: quantumphysics, solidstatephysics, biology,
zoology,botany,yourfield;
c) most obscuie ones in: molecular biology, physiology, geochemistry, geophysics,yourfield.
Note: Introduceyourgatemenls,whereverpossible,by: "Inmyopinim", 'Tomyknowledge", "Biscommonknowledgethat..", 'In allprobability","Probably", "Obviously".
Exercise 2. Make statements about problems, which, in your opinion, are difficult to solve, to present, or to discuss.
Exercise 3. State the subjects, which the basic problems in
yourfield are concerned with...
INFORMATION
Exercise 4. Make sentences complete by adding an end.
1.Some information is available on...
2.There is sufficient information at present about...
3.There is detailed information nowadays regarding...
4.We are now in possession of ample information regard
ing...
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5.The above studies provided certain information bearing on...
6.We are not yet in possession of sufficient information re
lating to...
7.There is no reliable information in literature about (on)...
8.No information is available relating to...
Exercise 5. Write a detailed account o f all the available in formation on your problem mentioning also the information that is still needed.
KNOWLEDGE
Exercise 6. What would you say o four current knowledge of:
1)the planets ofthe solar system?
2)plasma properties?
3)symmetry properties at high energies?
4)cosmic radiation?
5)the processes occurring in the Earth's mantle?
6)photosynthetic processes?
7)the mechanisms ofmemory?
8)the structure of chromosomes?
9)gene-protein interaction? 10)hereditary factors?
1 l)host-parasite relationships? 12)the cell fine structure? 13)mitochondrial enzymes?
14)the molecular mechanisms of cellular differentiation.
Exercise 7. Write an account o f the present level o f knowl edge concerning the problem you are investigating, stating how far it has been elucidated, also the aspects that still remain ob scure.
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Exercise 8. Name thefundamental researches ofpast and pres ent that have largely contributed to basic problems in yourfield. Use these phrases to introduce or conclude a talk on the above subjects.
1.Work by ... has been a valuable contribution to our present knowledge of...
2.Fundamental studies by ... have been a valuable addition
to what we know about...
3. These investigations have added a great deal to our
knowledge of ...
4.His research has largely contributed to the knowledge of ...
5.Those studies contributed to (brought about) a better un derstanding of ...
6.Those investigations filled in (helped to fill in) the gap (certain gaps, many gaps) in our knowledge of...
7.These and earlier works in the same field have provided an insight into ...
8.Due to this (that) fundamental research our knowledge of
... became more complete.
METHOD
Exercise 9. Name familiar methods, techniques or proce
dures o fwhich you would say:
1. ... is (are)most suitable for the fractionation of ...
2. ... is (are) best suited for the identification of ...
3. ... appear(s) to be most adequate in examining the proper
ties of ...
4. ... seem(s) highly effective in identifying the structure of...
5. ... appear(s) to be most useful and most reliable in investi
gating the features of..
6. ... has (have) proved very valuable and very promising in
determining...
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7. ... is extensively used nowadays for the determination of...
8. ... is (are) frequently applied in the investigation of...
9 has (have) now found a wide application in many
fields of research.
10.... seem(s) rather practicable (applicable) nowadays.
11.... is (are) no longer in use nowadays.
12.... is (are) no longer used in experiments on ...
13.... can hardly be used in studies of...
Exercise 10. Name some methods, techniques or experimental procedures in yourfield o fresearch that are:
1)commonly used nowadays;
2)routine and conventional ones;
3)old, though still in use having been modified or greatly improved;
4)old and no longer used as outdated and unsuitable.
Note: Give explanation why a particular method, technique or procedure is in wide use or no longer in use.
Exercise 11. Name afamiliar method, technique or procedure o fwhich you would say that it:
1)... allows ... (observation, evaluation, determination, etc.);
2)... allows (enables) us to ... (compare, detect, identify, etc.);
3)... makes it possible to ... (evaluate, examine, measure, etc.);
4)... is capable o f... (providing, producing, revealing, etc.);
5)... has one (several) advantage(s) over...;
6)... has one (several) limitation(s) in that it requires ...;
7)... has many applications in ...;
8)... has a wide range of applications in ...;
9)...fails to ... (detect, reveal, provide, etc.);
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