1. Read Text F. 2. Ask each other questions on the text. 3. Retell it. 4. Summarize the essence of the second paragraph:
Text F. Lung Abscess
Lung abscess may develop because of various factors. In cases where an abscess develops as a complication of pneumonia the patient’s general condition gradually becomes worse. Sometimes the first clinical manifestations of a chill, pain in the affected side, fever elevating to 39°-40°C, and loss of appetite are present. There is a profuse perspiration at night, dry cough, and a considerable increase of the white blood cell count up to 20,000 per cu mm of blood and accelerated ESR. Both fever and the increase in the number of leucocytes depend on the presence of pus in the cavity. When pus is evacuated from the thoracic cavity the temperature decreases and the white blood cell count returns to normal. The repeated increase of white blood cells may be observed when pus is again accumulated in the cavity.
The course of the lung abscess may be divided into two periods: that before and that after the rupture of the abscess into a bronchus. The length of the first period varies in different cases. The second period begins from the moment of the abscess rupture into a bronchus usually with 0.5 litre or more of sputum discharge. After the rupture of sputum into a bronchus, the body temperature returns to normal, and the patient’s general condition becomes better. The sputum discharge gradually reduces in its amount. The appetite increases, the white blood cell count and ESR return to normal. Within 4-5 weeks of effective treatment complete recovery is usually observed in most cases of lung abscess.
UNIT 2. THE DISEASES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Грамматика: Сложное дополнение.
LESSON 37
HOME ASSIGNMENTS
А. Сравните следующие два предложения и ответьте на вопросы:
I know that he studies. = 6) I know him to study.
Я знаю, что он учится. Я знаю...
* Каким придаточным предложением является that he studies в предложении (а)? 2* Есть ли союз that в предложении (б)? 3.* В каком падеже употреблено местоимение he в предложении (б)? 4.* Какую форму приобрело сказуемое studies в предложении (б)? 5.* Чему соответствует that he studies в предложении (б)? 6.* Если him to study равнозначно that he studies, то как нужно перевести him to study в предложении (б)? 7.* На какой вопрос отвечает that he studies? 8.* Следовательно, на какой вопрос отвечает сочетание слов him to study?9.* Какой член предложения отвечает на вопрос что (кого)? 10. Следовательно, каким членом предложения является сочетание слов him to study? Выучите глаголы, с которыми употребляется сложное дополнение.
Б. В следующих предложениях обратите внимание на перевод различных форм ннфннитнвов, входящих в состав сложного дополнения:
а) I know this surgeon (him) to operate on successfully.
Я знаю, что этот хирург (он) оперирует успешно.
I know this surgeon (him) to have operated on successfully.
Я знаю, что этот хирург (он) оперировал успешно.
б) I know this patient (him) to be operated on at our clinic.
Я знаю, что этот больной (он) оперируется в нашей клинике.
I know this patient (him) to have been operated on successfully.
Я знаю, что этот больной (он) был оперирован успешно.
Отличается ли перевод простого инфинитива от перфектного и инфинитива в страдательном залоге?
expected my sister to be operated on as soon as her temperature returned to normal. 2. The physician wanted my mother to be following a bed regimen for several days. 3. The cardiologist considered the electrocardiogram waves to have changed after the heart attack. 4. The physician supposed the intensity of the shadow in the lung to decrease after the treatment.
The patients saw the doctor enter the ward.
Больные видели, что врач входнт в палату.
Не felt the pain increase.
Он чувствовал, что боль усиливается.
The students watched the nurse give an injection.
Студенты наблюдали, как медсестра делает укол.
Какими глаголами выражено сказуемое в этих предложениях и что нового вы заметили в конструкции сложного дополнения?
Найдите сложные дополнения и переведите их:
The investigator observed the primary manifestations of the disease be associated with the reduction of the number of erythrocytes. 2. The surgeon noticed the amount of pus in the mucopurulent discharge from the wound have been decreasing. 3. The examiner saw the marked shadowing in the lung have areas of various intensity.
Прочтите и сравните следующие предложения и обратите внимание на причастия:
We saw him recover gradually. 1 Мы видели, как он постепенно We saw him recovering gradually. J выздоравливает.
I watched the doctor examine the patient. 1 Я наблюдал, как врач I watched the doctor examining the patient. / осматривает больного. Из каких элементов состоит сложное дополнение вторых предложений?
Найдите сложное дополнение. Скажите, чем оно выражено. Переведите предложения:
heard this patient coughing badly at night. 2. We watched the patient’s condition gradually becoming worse. 3. We saw typical signs of intoxication associated with the over-dosage of this poisonous drug appearing gradually.
Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания: palpitation [,paelpi’teifn] п сильное сердцебиение; трепетание onset [‘onset] п начало; приступ
precede [pn’si:d] v предшествовать
moderate [‘moderitja умеренный; средний
readings [‘ri:dirjz] и показания (прибора)
slight [slait] а слабый, тонкий; незначительный; легкий
confirm [kan’fam] о подтверждать
murmur [‘тэ:тэ] п шум (в сердце)
duration [djua’reifn] п продолжительность
insist [m’sist] о настаивать (с предлогом on)
strict [stikt] а строгий
1. Прочтите текст А. 2. Найдите и переведите предложения, в которых употребляется сложное дополнение. 3. Озаглавьте каждый абзац: Выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний: при физическом напряжении; ясно выраженный; на верхушке сердца; меняться по плотности н продолжительности; настаивая на соблюдении строгого постельного режима.
Text A. Rheumatic Endocarditis
The patient complained of a general malaise, early fatigue on exertion, cardiac discomfort and palpitation.
The physician found him to have been having an increase of body temperature to a subfebrile level for a prolonged period of time. The patient stated that the onset of the disease had been preceded by tonsillitis. The patient’s pulse rate had become irregular and accelerated on physical exertion.
The blood analysis revealed moderate leucocytosis and an elevated ESR. The electrocardiogram showed the changes in the most important readings. On percussion the doctor determined the heart to be slightly enlarged. These findings of the physical examination were confirmed by the X-ray examination.
While listening to the patient’s heart the doctor found a soft systolic murmur to be heard at the heart apex. These symptoms were accompanied by diastole murmur heard at the apex and base of the heart. The doctor estimated the murmurs to be varying in their intensity and duration. It was evidence of an inflammatory process in the valves. The doctor determined the organic changes in the mitral, aortic and tricuspid valves to be clearly marked.
The physician considered the patient to be ill with rheumatic endocarditis and insisted on his following a strict bed regimen at the in-patient department.
1. What most characteristic clinical manifestations has rheumatic endocarditis? 2. What readings does the electrocardiogram show in case of rheumatic endocarditis? 3. How can a therapeutist determine the enlargement of the heart? 4. How can systolic and diastolic heart murmurs be revealed in patients with rheumatic endocarditis? 5. What regimen must a patient with rheumatic endocarditis follow?
Insufficiency [.insa’fijbnsi] п недостаточность. Cardiac insufficiency was
diagnosed in this patient.
eliminate [I’limineit] v устранять; ликвидировать, уничтожать
The pain was eliminated due to the administration of this drug.
nourish [‘nArifl v питать, кормить; to be well nourished, быть хорошо упитанным, повышенного питания. The patient was a well nourished male.
tablespoonful [‘teibl,spu:nful] n столовая ложка чего-л. You must take a tablespoonful of this medicine.
preparation [.prepa’reifn] n препарат; приготовление. Adonis (адонис) preparations are administered in case of rheumatic endocarditis.
follow-up [‘folou4p] n отдаленные результаты; последующее наблюдение врача; больной, состоящий на учете; а последующий; v проследить отдаленные результаты; наблюдаться по поводу отдаленных результатов
The patient was followed-up at the out-patient department. The follow-ups did not reveal any pathologic signs. You must come for the follow-up examination in a month.
undergo [,Anda’gou] (underwent, undergone) v подвергаться; испытывать, переносить. The patient underwent the operation last month.
recurrence [n’kArans] n возвращение; повторение; рецидив The recurrence of the disease was rather unexpected.
CLASS ASSIGNMENTS
Use Complex Object instead of the subordinate clause:
1. The therapeutist did not think that chills would recur after this course of treatment. 2. At the follow-up examination the surgeon noticed that the patient had become better nourished. 3. Everybody believed that the initial diagnosis would be confirmed by X-ray and laboratory examinations.
Finish the sentences using Complex Object:
have never seen... (а) как больному снимают электрокардиограмму;
б) как сестра делает внутривенное вливание) 2.1 would like ... (а) чтобы больной прошел курс рентгенотерапии; б) чтобы мой диагноз был подтвержден рентгенологическим обследованием) 3. We did not expect... (а) что у этого больного будет обнаружена сердечно-сосудистая недостаточность; б) что воспалительный процесс в сердечных клапанах будет таким тяжелым)
Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of the word ‘follow’ and its derivatives:
1. The rupture of the lung abscess was followed by a gradual impovement of the patient’s general condition. 2. Her daughter was followed-up at the outpatient department because of the possible recurrence of rheumatic endocarditis.
Those patients who have suffered tuberculosis must undergo follow-up examinations regularly. 4. In unfavourable cases the follow-up may reveal the recurrence of typical tuberculous impairment of the lung.
1. Read Text B. 2. What treatment would you administer a patient with rheumatic endocarditis? 3. Why must such a patient be followed up?
Text B. The Treatment of Rheumatic Endocarditis
The patient with the diagnosis of rheumatic endocarditis was treated at the in-patient department. He was administered antibiotic therapy to eliminate the primary focus of infection. He was also administered Adonis preparations to control cardiovascular insufficiency. The preparations of Adonis were administered in the dosage of a tablespoonful three times a day. The patient took aspirin in the dosage of 1 gr four times a day.
The physician recommended the patient’s diet to be nourishing and containing many vitamins. But his diet had to be limited in salt. The patient was allowed only a limited amount of fluid.
The patient had been following the administered treatment for 45 days. By that time his condition had become much better.
Having been discharged from the hospital he had to come to the out-patient department for regular follow-up examinations. In spring and autumn he had to undergo aspirin and bicillin treatment to prevent the recurrence of the disease.
Choose the sentences corresponding to Texts A and B:
1. a) The patient was administered vitamin therapy for his better nourishing,
The patient was administered antibiotic therapy to eliminate the primary focus of infection. 2. a) The patient complained of a general malaise, early fatigue on exertion, cardiac discomfort and palpitation, b) The patient complained of cold perspiration at night, loss of appetite and weight.
Choose the correct answer:
What disease may the onset of rheumatic endocarditis be preceded by? (a) It may be preceded by tonsillitis;
It may be preceded by lung abscess.) 2. What examination can the enlargement of the heart be determined by? (a) It can be determined by percussion and X-ray examination; b) It can be determined by electrocardiogram.) 3. What must the diet of a patient with rheumatic endocarditis contain? (a) It must contain much salt; b) It must contain many vitamins.)