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Categorization of nuclear material in Russia (NP–03 0–05 [1])

Categories of nuclear material are defined depending on the NM mass, the form of the NM-containing product and the NM type (Tables 2.3 – 2.6). Depending on the quantity of nuclear material, the MBA facility may fall into category I, II, III or IV. The next parameter is the form of the NMcontaining product. As evidenced by Tables 2.3-2.6, this demonstrates the attractiveness of nuclear material. Attractiveness is assessed by how rapidly a nuclear material can be converted to a form fit to produce nuclear weapon.

Noteworthy is that irradiated fuel is the least attractive. The reason is simple. Such fuel is inherently safe which makes it an essentially unlikely target for theft or misuse. Same is true for low-enrichment uranium that needs to be highly enriched to be used directly in nuclear weapons production.

Cases are possible when the area of interest contains different products and diverse NM. To categorize the existing NM in these conditions, one is expected to proceed from the total mass of NM in each product and the quantitative mass limits, as specified in Tables 2.3 – 2.6, for the nuclear material in products falling under a higher category.

Russia defines NM physical protection, accounting and control requirements subject to the following categorization of nuclear material.

131

				Table 2.3
		Nuclear material of category I

Products			Nuclear material	Mass of nuclear
				material, kg, not less
				than
Metal products:				2
metal articles, billets;			Pu, U–233	by total mass of Pu
ingots, grit, alloys and				and U–233
mixtures;
fuel elements and assemblies			HEU	5
with a content of metallic and				by U–235 isotope
intermetallic fuel;			Mixture or	2
reject articles and waste			combination of	by total mass of Pu,
processed by remelting without			Pu, U–233, HEU	U–233, U–235,
dissolution			and other nuclear	Np–237, Am and Cf
			material
Products			Nuclear material	Mass of nuclear
				material, kg, not less
				than
Products with high content of				6
nuclear material:			Pu , U–233	by total mass of Pu
carbides,	oxides,	chlorides,		and U–233
nitrides,	fluorides,	alloys and		20
mixtures thereof; fuel elements			HEU	by U–235 isotope
and assemblies containing fuel
out of above compounds, as
well as other products with NM
concentration (content) of not
less than 25 g/l (25 g/kg)

132

					Table 2.4
			Nuclear material of category II

	Products			Nuclear material	Mass of nuclear
					material, kg
Metal products:				Pu, U–233	³ 0.5 but < 2
metal	articles,	billets, ingots,			by total mass of Pu
grit,	alloys	and	mixtures		and U–233
thereof;		and	assemblies	HEU	³ 1 but < 5
fuel elements		and	assemblies		by U–235 isotope
with a content of metallic and					by U–235 isotope
with a content of metallic and				Mixture or	³ 0.5 but < 2
intermetallic fuel;				Mixture or	³ 0.5 but < 2
intermetallic fuel;				combination of Pu,	by total mass of Pu,
reject articles and waste				combination of Pu,	by total mass of Pu,
reject articles and waste				U–233, HEU and	U–233, U–235,
processed by remelting without				U–233, HEU and	U–233, U–235,
processed by remelting without				other nuclear	Np–237, Am and Cf
dissolution				other nuclear	Np–237, Am and Cf
dissolution				material
				material
Products with high content of					³ 2 but < 6
nuclear material:				Pu, U–233	by total mass of Pu
carbides, oxides, chlorides,					and U–233
nitrides, fluorides, alloys and
nitrides, fluorides, alloys and				HEU	³ 6 but < 20
mixtures thereof; fuel elements				HEU	³ 6 but < 20
mixtures thereof; fuel elements					by U–235 isotope
and assemblies containing					by U–235 isotope
and assemblies containing				Mixture or	³ 2 but < 6
fuel out of above compounds,				Mixture or	³ 2 but < 6
fuel out of above compounds,				combination of Pu,	by total mass of Pu,
as well as products with NM				combination of Pu,	by total mass of Pu,
as well as products with NM				U–233, HEU and	U–233, U–235,
concentration (content) of not				U–233, HEU and	U–233, U–235,
concentration (content) of not				other nuclear	Np–237, Am, Cf
less than 25 g/l (25 g/kg)				other nuclear	Np–237, Am, Cf
less than 25 g/l (25 g/kg)				material
				material
Products with low content of				Pu, U–233	³ 16
nuclear material:					by total mass of
products requiring complex					Pu and U–233
treatment; products with NM				HEU	³ 50
concentration (content) of 1 to					by U–235 isotope
25 g/l (1 to 25 g/kg)					by U–235 isotope
25 g/l (1 to 25 g/kg)				Mixture or	³16
				Mixture or	³16
				combination of Pu,	by total mass of Pu,
				U–233, HEU and	U–233, U–235,
				other nuclear	Np–237, Am and Cf
				material

133

		Table 2.5
Nuclear material of category III

Products	Nuclear material	Mass of nuclear
		material, kg
Metal products:	Pu, U–233	³ 0.2 but < 0.5
metal articles, billets, ingots,		by total mass of Pu
grit, alloys and mixtures		and U–233
thereof;	HEU	³ 0.5 but < 1
fuel elements and assemblies		by U–235 isotope
with a content of metallic and		by U–235 isotope
with a content of metallic and	Mixture or	³ 0.2 but < 0.5
intermetallic fuel;	Mixture or	³ 0.2 but < 0.5
intermetallic fuel;	combination of Pu,	by total mass of Pu,
reject articles and waste	combination of Pu,	by total mass of Pu,
reject articles and waste	U–233, HEU and	U–233, U–235,
processed by remelting	U–233, HEU and	U–233, U–235,
processed by remelting	other nuclear	Np–237, Am and Cf
without dissolution	other nuclear	Np–237, Am and Cf
without dissolution	material
	material
Products with high content	Pu, U–233	³ 0.5 but < 2
of nuclear material:		by total mass of
carbides, oxides, chlorides,		Pu and U–233
nitrides, fluorides, alloys and	HEU	³ 2 but £ 6
mixtures thereof; fuel		by U–235 isotope
elements and assemblies		by U–235 isotope
elements and assemblies	Mixture or	³ 0.5 but < 2
containing fuel out of above	Mixture or	³ 0.5 but < 2
containing fuel out of above	combination of Pu,	by total mass of Pu,
compounds, as well as	combination of Pu,	by total mass of Pu,
compounds, as well as	U–233, HEU	U–233, U–235,
products with NM	U–233, HEU	U–233, U–235,
products with NM	and other nuclear	Np–237, Am and Cf
concentration (content) of not	and other nuclear	Np–237, Am and Cf
concentration (content) of not	material
less than 25 g/l (25 g/kg)	material
less than 25 g/l (25 g/kg)
Products with low content	Pu, U–233	³ 3 but < 16
of nuclear material:		by total mass of
products requiring complex		Pu and U–233
treatment;	HEU	³ 8 but < 50
products with NM		by U–235 isotope
concentration (content) of 1 to		by U–235 isotope
concentration (content) of 1 to	Mixture or	³ 3 but < 16
25 g/l (1 to 25 g/kg)	Mixture or	³ 3 but < 16
25 g/l (1 to 25 g/kg)	combination of Pu,	by total mass of Pu,
	combination of Pu,	by total mass of Pu,
	U–233, HEU	U–233, U–235,
	and other nuclear	Np–237, Am and Cf
	material

134

		Table 2.6
Nuclear material of category IV

Products	Nuclear material	NM mass, kg, not more
		than
Metal products: metal articles,	Pu, U–233	0.2 by total mass of Pu
billets, ingots, grit, alloys and		and U–233
mixtures thereof; fuel elements	HEU	0.5 by U–235 isotope
and assemblies with a content of	Mixture or	0.2 by total mass of Pu,
metallic and intermetallic fuel;	combination of Pu,	U–233, U–235,
reject articles and wastes	combination of Pu,	U–233, U–235,
reject articles and wastes	U–233, HEU and	Np–237, Am and Cf
processed by remelting without	U–233, HEU and	Np–237, Am and Cf
processed by remelting without	other nuclear
dissolution	other nuclear
dissolution	materials
	materials
Products with high content of	Pu, U–233	0.5 by total mass of Pu
NM: carbides, oxides, chlorides,		and U–233
nitrides, fluorides, alloys and	HEU	2 by U–235 isotope
mixtures thereof; fuel elements	Mixture or	0.5 by total mass of Pu,
and assemblies containing fuel	Mixture or	0.5 by total mass of Pu,
and assemblies containing fuel	combination of Pu,	U–233, U–235,
out of above compounds, as well	combination of Pu,	U–233, U–235,
out of above compounds, as well	U–233, HEU and	Np–237, Am and Cf
as other products with NM	other nuclear
concentration (content) of not	other nuclear
concentration (content) of not	material
less than 25 g/l (25 g/kg)	material
less than 25 g/l (25 g/kg)
Products with low content of	Pu, U–233	3 by total mass of Pu
NM: products requiring complex		and U–233
treatment; products with NM	HEU	8 by U–235 isotope
concentration (content) in a range	Mixture or	3 by total mass of Pu,
of 1 to 25 g/l(1 to 25 g/kg)	combination of Pu,	U–233, U–235,
	combination of Pu,	U–233, U–235,
	U–233, HEU and	Np–237, Am and Cf
	other nuclear
	material
All other products including:		Total mass of all
a) products containing Pu, U–233 and HEU with a		nuclear material is not
concentration (content) of below 1 g/l (1 g/kg);		less than the minimum
b) any uranium compounds with a U–235 content in		quantities
uranium of below 20%;
c) any products with an absorbed dose rate of not less
than 1 Gy/h = 109 rad/h at a distance of 1 m;
d) any compounds of: plutonium with a plutonium-238
isotope content of over 80%; thorium, neptunium–237 ,
americium–241, americium–243 and californium–252;
e) special non-nuclear material and any compounds
thereof

135

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