Материал: part17

Page 16​

DICOM PS3.17 2020a - Explanatory Information​

QQQ. Parametric Maps (Informative) ......................................................................................................................

663​

QQQ.1.

........................................................................................................................................................ 663​

QQQ.1.1. ................................................................................................................................................. 663​

RRR. Measurement Report SR Document for Planar and Volumetric ROI (Informative) .....................................................

671​

RRR.1. Measurement Report SR Document Volumetric ROI on CT Example ..............................................................

671​

RRR.2. Measurement Report SR Document Volumetric ROI on CT Example ..............................................................

671​

RRR.3. Measurement Report SR Document Planar ROI on DCE-MR Tracer Kinetic Model Example ...............................

673​

RRR.4. Measurement Report SR Document Volumetric and SUV ROI on FDG PET Example ........................................

674​

RRR.5. Measurement Report SR Document Volumetric ROI with RECIST Linear Distance Specified by Coordinates on CT​

Example

.......................................................................................................................................................

675​

SSS. Use of Image Libraries in SR Documents (Informative) .......................................................................................

677​

SSS.1. Image Library for PET-CT Example ..........................................................................................................

677​

TTT. X-Ray 3D Angiographic Image Encoding Examples (Informative) ..........................................................................

679​

TTT.1. General Concepts of X-Ray 3D Angiography ..............................................................................................

679​

TTT.1.1. Process of Creating An X-Ray 3D Angiography ....................................................................................

679​

TTT.1.1.1. Acquisition of 2D Projections ......................................................................................................

679​

TTT.1.1.2. 3D Reconstruction ....................................................................................................................

680​

TTT.1.2. X-Ray 3D Angiographic Real World Entities Relationships ......................................................................

680​

TTT.1.3. X-Ray 3D Angiographic Pixel Data Characterization ..............................................................................

680​

TTT.2. Application Cases .................................................................................................................................

681​

TTT.2.1. Case #1: One Rotation, One 2D Instance, One Reconstruction, One X-Ray 3D Instance ...............................

681​

TTT.2.1.1. User Scenario .........................................................................................................................

681​

TTT.2.1.2. Encoding Outline .....................................................................................................................

681​

TTT.2.1.3. Encoding Details ......................................................................................................................

682​

TTT.2.1.3.1. X-Ray 3D Angiographic Image IOD .......................................................................................

682​

TTT.2.1.3.1.1. General and Enhanced Series Modules Recommendations .................................................

682​

TTT.2.1.3.1.2. Frame of Reference Module Recommendations ................................................................

682​

TTT.2.1.3.1.3. General and Enhanced General Equipment Modules Recommendations ................................

683​

TTT.2.1.3.1.4. Image Pixel Module Recommendations ...........................................................................

683​

TTT.2.1.3.1.5. Enhanced Contrast/Bolus Module Recommendations .........................................................

683​

TTT.2.1.3.1.5.1. Differences between XA and Enhanced XA ................................................................

683​

TTT.2.1.3.1.6. Multi-frame Dimensions Module Recommendations ...........................................................

683​

TTT.2.1.3.1.7. Patient Orientation Module Recommendations ..................................................................

684​

TTT.2.1.3.1.8. X-Ray 3D Image Module Recommendations .....................................................................

685​

TTT.2.1.3.1.9. X-Ray 3D Angiographic Image Contributing Sources Module Recommendations .....................

685​

TTT.2.1.3.1.10. X-Ray 3D Angiographic Acquisition Module Recommendations ..........................................

685​

TTT.2.1.3.1.11. Pixel Measures Macro Recommendations ......................................................................

685​

TTT.2.1.3.1.12. Frame Content Macro Recommendations .......................................................................

685​

TTT.2.1.3.1.13. Derivation Image Macro Recommendations ....................................................................

686​

TTT.2.1.3.1.14. Frame Anatomy Macro Recommendations .....................................................................

686​

TTT.2.1.3.1.15. X-Ray 3D Frame Type Macro Recommendations .............................................................

686​

TTT.2.1.4. Example .................................................................................................................................

686​

TTT.2.1.4.1. Reconstruction Using All Frames of An Enhanced XA Image ......................................................

686​

TTT.2.2. Case #2: Reconstruction From A Sub-set of Projection Frames ................................................................

688​

TTT.2.2.1. User Scenario .........................................................................................................................

688​

TTT.2.2.2. Encoding Outline .....................................................................................................................

688​

TTT.2.2.3. Encoding Details ......................................................................................................................

689​

TTT.2.2.3.1. X-Ray 3D Angiographic Image IOD .......................................................................................

689​

TTT.2.2.3.1.1. X-Ray 3D Angiographic Acquisition Module Recommendations ............................................

689​

TTT.2.2.3.1.2. Frame Content Macro Recommendations ........................................................................

689​

TTT.2.2.4. Example .................................................................................................................................

690​

TTT.2.3. Case #3: Reconstruction From A Sub-region of All Image Frames ............................................................

690​

TTT.2.3.1. User Scenario .........................................................................................................................

690​

TTT.2.3.2. Encoding Outline .....................................................................................................................

690​

TTT.2.3.3. Encoding Details ......................................................................................................................

691​

TTT.2.3.3.1. X-Ray 3D Angiographic Image IOD .......................................................................................

691​

TTT.2.3.3.1.1. Frame of Reference Module Recommendations ................................................................

691​

TTT.2.3.3.1.2. Pixel Measures Macro Recommendations ........................................................................

691​

TTT.2.3.3.1.3. Plane Position (Patient) Macro Recommendations .............................................................

691​

TTT.2.3.3.1.4. Plane Orientation (Patient) Macro Recommendations .........................................................

692​

DICOM PS3.17 2020a - Explanatory Information​

Page 17​

TTT.2.3.3.1.5. Frame Content Macro Recommendations ........................................................................

692​

TTT.2.3.3.1.6. Frame Anatomy Macro Recommendations .......................................................................

692​

TTT.2.3.4. Example .................................................................................................................................

692​

TTT.2.4. Case #4: Multiple Rotations, One Or More 2D Instances, One Reconstruction, One X-Ray 3D Instance ...........

693​

TTT.2.4.1. User Scenario .........................................................................................................................

693​

TTT.2.4.2. Encoding Outline .....................................................................................................................

693​

TTT.2.4.3. Encoding Details ......................................................................................................................

694​

TTT.2.4.3.1. 2D X-Ray Angiographic Image IOD .......................................................................................

694​

TTT.2.4.3.1.1. Frame of Reference Module Recommendations ................................................................

695​

TTT.2.4.3.2. X-Ray 3D Angiographic Image IOD .......................................................................................

695​

TTT.2.4.3.2.1. X-Ray 3D Angiographic Image Contributing Sources Module Recommendations .....................

695​

TTT.2.4.3.2.2. X-Ray 3D Angiographic Acquisition Module Recommendations ............................................

695​

TTT.2.4.3.2.3. Frame Content Macro Recommendations ........................................................................

696​

TTT.2.4.4. Example .................................................................................................................................

696​

TTT.2.5. Case #5: One Rotation, One 2D Instance, Multiple Reconstructions, One X-Ray 3D Instance ........................

697​

TTT.2.5.1. User Scenario .........................................................................................................................

698​

TTT.2.5.2. Encoding Outline .....................................................................................................................

698​

TTT.2.5.3. Encoding Details ......................................................................................................................

699​

TTT.2.5.3.1. 2D X-Ray Angiographic Image IOD .......................................................................................

699​

TTT.2.5.3.2. X-Ray 3D Angiographic Image IOD .......................................................................................

699​

TTT.2.5.3.2.1. Image Pixel Module Recommendations ...........................................................................

699​

TTT.2.5.3.2.2. Multi-frame Dimension Module Recommendations .............................................................

699​

TTT.2.5.3.2.3. X-Ray 3D Angiographic Acquisition Module Recommendations ............................................

699​

TTT.2.5.3.2.4. X-Ray 3D Reconstruction Module Recommendations .........................................................

699​

TTT.2.5.3.2.5. Frame Content Macro Recommendations ........................................................................

700​

TTT.2.5.3.2.6. Cardiac Synchronization Macro Recommendations ............................................................

700​

TTT.2.5.3.2.7. X-Ray 3D Frame Type Macro Recommendations ..............................................................

700​

TTT.2.5.4. Example .................................................................................................................................

701​

TTT.2.6. Case #6: Two Rotations, Two 2D Instances, Two Reconstructions, Two X-Ray 3D Instances .........................

702​

TTT.2.6.1. User Scenario .........................................................................................................................

702​

TTT.2.6.2. Encoding Outline .....................................................................................................................

703​

TTT.2.6.3. Encoding Details ......................................................................................................................

703​

TTT.2.6.3.1. X-Ray 3D Angiographic Image IOD .......................................................................................

703​

TTT.2.6.3.1.1. Frame of Reference Module Recommendations ................................................................

703​

TTT.2.6.3.1.2. Patient Orientation Module Recommendations ..................................................................

704​

TTT.2.6.3.1.3. Pixel Measures Macro Recommendations ........................................................................

704​

TTT.2.6.3.1.4. Plane Position (Patient) Macro Recommendations .............................................................

704​

TTT.2.6.3.1.5. Plane Orientation (Patient) Macro Recommendations .........................................................

705​

TTT.2.6.4. Example .................................................................................................................................

705​

TTT.2.7. Case #7: Spatial Registration of 3D X-Ray Angiography With Enhanced XA ...............................................

706​

TTT.2.7.1. User Scenario .........................................................................................................................

706​

TTT.2.7.2. Encoding Outline .....................................................................................................................

707​

TTT.2.7.3. Encoding Details ......................................................................................................................

708​

TTT.2.7.3.1. Enhanced X-Ray Angiographic Image IOD .............................................................................

708​

TTT.2.7.3.2. X-Ray 3D Angiographic Image IOD .......................................................................................

708​

TTT.2.7.3.2.1. Frame of Reference Module Recommendations ................................................................

708​

TTT.2.7.3.2.2. Patient Orientation Module ............................................................................................

708​

TTT.2.7.3.2.3. Image - Equipment Coordinate Relationship Module ..........................................................

708​

TTT.2.7.3.2.4. X-Ray 3D Angiographic Acquisition Module Recommendations ............................................

709​

TTT.2.7.4. Example .................................................................................................................................

710​

UUU. Ophthalmology Use Cases (Informative) .........................................................................................................

713​

UUU.1. Wide Field Ophthalmic Use Cases ...........................................................................................................

713​

UUU.1.1. Clinical Use Cases .........................................................................................................................

713​

UUU.1.1.1. Routine Wide Field Image For Surveillance For Diabetic Retinopathy ................................................

713​

UUU.1.1.2. Patient With Myopia .................................................................................................................

714​

UUU.1.1.3. Patient With Diabetes ..............................................................................................................

714​

UUU.1.1.4. Patient With Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) ................................................................

714​

UUU.1.2. Stereographic Projection (SP) ..........................................................................................................

714​

UUU.1.2.1. Distance ................................................................................................................................

717​

UUU.1.2.2. Area .....................................................................................................................................

718​

Page 18​

DICOM PS3.17 2020a - Explanatory Information​

UUU.1.2.3. Angle ....................................................................................................................................

718​

UUU.1.3. Introduction to 2D to 3D Map For Wide Field Ophthalmic Photography .....................................................

718​

UUU.1.3.1. Measuring the Length of a Path .................................................................................................

719​

UUU.1.3.2. Shortest Distance Between Two Points .......................................................................................

720​

UUU.1.3.3. Computing The Area of A Region of Interest .................................................................................

720​

UUU.1.3.4. Transformation Method Code Sequence ......................................................................................

721​

UUU.2.RelationshipBetweenOphthalmicTomographyImageandOphthalmicOpticalCoherenceTomographyB-scanVolume​

Analysis IODs ................................................................................................................................................

721​

UUU.3. Ophthalmic Tomography Angiography Examples ........................................................................................

723​

UUU.3.1. Clinical Examples ..........................................................................................................................

724​

UUU.3.1.1. Diabetic Macular Ischemia ........................................................................................................

724​

UUU.3.1.2. Age Related Macular Degeneration ............................................................................................

724​

UUU.3.1.3. Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ...................................................................................................

725​

UUU.3.2. Research Examples .......................................................................................................................

725​

UUU.3.2.1. Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ...............................................................................................

725​

VVV. Segmentation of Images of Groups of Animals (Informative) ................................................................................

727​

VVV.1. Use Case ............................................................................................................................................

727​

VVV.1.1. Reference Attributes .......................................................................................................................

728​

VVV.1.1.1. Acquired Images of Multiple Animals ...........................................................................................

728​

VVV.1.1.2. Segmentation Instances ............................................................................................................

728​

VVV.1.1.3. Derived Images of Single Animals ...............................................................................................

729​

VVV.1.2. Propagation of Composite Context ....................................................................................................

729​

VVV.1.3. Propagation of History .....................................................................................................................

729​

WWW. Tractography Results (Informative) ...............................................................................................................

731​

WWW.1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................

731​

WWW.2. Encoding Example .............................................................................................................................

731​

XXX. Volumetric Presentation States (Informative) ....................................................................................................

737​

XXX.1. Scope of Volumetric Presentation States ...................................................................................................

737​

XXX.1.1. Volumetric Presentation States vs. Softcopy Presentation States .............................................................

737​

XXX.1.2. Image Creation Process ..................................................................................................................

737​

XXX.1.3. Volumetric Presentation State Display Consistency ...............................................................................

738​

XXX.2. Volumetric Presentation States vs. Static Derived Images .............................................................................

738​

XXX.2.1. Static Derived Images .....................................................................................................................

738​

XXX.2.2. Volumetric Presentation States .........................................................................................................

738​

XXX.2.3. Both Volumetric Presentation States and Linked Static Images ................................................................

738​

XXX.3. Use Cases ..........................................................................................................................................

739​

XXX.3.1. Simple Planar MPR View

.................................................................................................................

739​

XXX.3.1.1. User Scenario .........................................................................................................................

739​

XXX.3.1.2. Encoding Outline .....................................................................................................................

739​

XXX.3.1.3. Encoding Details .....................................................................................................................

739​

XXX.3.1.3.1. Volumetric Presentation State Relationship Module Recommendations ........................................

739​

XXX.3.1.3.2. Volumetric Presentation State Display Module Recommendations ..............................................

740​

XXX.3.2. Spatially Related Views (e.g., Orthogonal) ...........................................................................................

740​

XXX.3.2.1. User Scenario .........................................................................................................................

740​

XXX.3.2.2. Encoding Outline .....................................................................................................................

740​

XXX.3.2.3. Encoding Details .....................................................................................................................

740​

XXX.3.2.3.1. Volumetric Presentation State Identification Module Recommendations .......................................

740​

XXX.3.2.3.2. Volumetric Presentation State Relationship Module Recommendations ........................................

741​

XXX.3.2.3.3. Presentation View Description Module Recommendations .........................................................

741​

XXX.3.3. Replacing Set of Derived Images with Multiple Volumetric Presentation States ...........................................

741​

XXX.3.3.1. User Scenario .........................................................................................................................

741​

XXX.3.3.2. Encoding Outline .....................................................................................................................

742​

XXX.3.3.3. Encoding Details .....................................................................................................................

742​

XXX.3.3.3.1. Volumetric Presentation State Identification Module Recommendations .......................................

742​

XXX.3.4. Replacing Set of Derived Images With Single VPS Using Crosscurve Animation .........................................

742​

XXX.3.4.1. User Scenario .........................................................................................................................

742​

XXX.3.4.2. Encoding Outline .....................................................................................................................

743​

XXX.3.4.3. Encoding Details .....................................................................................................................

743​

XXX.3.4.3.1. Presentation Animation Module Recommendations ..................................................................

743​

XXX.3.5. Volumetric Annotations (example: Trajectory Planning) ..........................................................................

743​

DICOM PS3.17 2020a - Explanatory Information​

Page 19​

XXX.3.5.1. User Scenario .........................................................................................................................

743​

XXX.3.5.2. Encoding Outline .....................................................................................................................

744​

XXX.3.5.3. Encoding Details .....................................................................................................................

744​

XXX.3.5.3.1. Volumetric Graphic Annotation Module Recommendations ........................................................

744​

XXX.3.6. Highlighting Areas of Interest in MPR View ..........................................................................................

745​

XXX.3.6.1. User Scenario .........................................................................................................................

745​

XXX.3.6.2. Encoding Outline .....................................................................................................................

745​

XXX.3.6.3. Encoding Details .....................................................................................................................

747​

XXX.3.6.3.1. Volumetric Presentation State Relationship Module Recommendations ........................................

747​

XXX.3.6.3.2. Volumetric Presentation State Cropping Module Recommendations ............................................

748​

XXX.3.6.3.3. Volumetric Presentation State Display Module Recommendations ..............................................

748​

XXX.3.7. Ultrasound Color Flow MPR .............................................................................................................

749​

XXX.3.7.1. User Scenario .........................................................................................................................

749​

XXX.3.7.2. Encoding Outline .....................................................................................................................

750​

XXX.3.7.3. Encoding Details .....................................................................................................................

751​

XXX.3.7.3.1. Volumetric Presentation State Relationship Module Recommendations ........................................

751​

XXX.3.7.3.2. Presentation View Description Module Recommendations .........................................................

751​

XXX.3.7.3.3. Multi-Planar Reconstruction Geometry Module Recommendations ..............................................

751​

XXX.3.7.3.4. Volumetric Presentation State Display Module Recommendations ..............................................

752​

XXX.3.8. Blending with Functional Data, e.g., PET/CT or Perfusion Data ...............................................................

753​

XXX.3.8.1. User Scenario .........................................................................................................................

753​

XXX.3.8.2. Encoding Outline .....................................................................................................................

753​

XXX.3.8.3. Encoding Details .....................................................................................................................

754​

XXX.3.8.3.1. Volumetric Presentation State Relationship Module Recommendations ........................................

754​

XXX.3.8.2.3. Volumetric Presentation State Display Module Recommendations ..............................................

755​

XXX.3.9. Stent Stabilization ..........................................................................................................................

756​

XXX.3.9.1. User Scenario .........................................................................................................................

756​

XXX.3.9.2. Encoding Outline .....................................................................................................................

756​

XXX.3.9.3. Encoding Details .....................................................................................................................

756​

XXX.3.9.3.1. Volumetric Presentation State Identification Module Recommendations .......................................

756​

XXX.3.9.3.2. Volumetric Presentation State Relationship Module Recommendations ........................................

756​

XXX.3.9.3.3. Presentation View Description Module Recommendations .........................................................

756​

XXX.3.9.3.4. Presentation Animation Module Recommendations ..................................................................

757​

XXX.3.10. Highlighting Areas of Interest in Volume Rendered View .......................................................................

757​

XXX.3.10.1. User Scenario .......................................................................................................................

757​

XXX.3.10.2. Encoding Outline ...................................................................................................................

757​

XXX.3.10.3. Encoding Details ....................................................................................................................

758​

XXX.3.10.3.1. Volume Presentation State Relationship Module Recommendations ..........................................

758​

XXX.3.10.3.2. Volume Render Geometry Module Recommendations ............................................................

758​

XXX.3.10.3.3. Render Shading Module Recommendations .........................................................................

758​

XXX.3.10.3.4. Render Display Module Recommendations ...........................................................................

759​

XXX.3.10.3.5. Volumetric Graphic Annotation Module Recommendations ......................................................

759​

XXX.3.10.3.6. Graphic Layer Module Recommendations ............................................................................

760​

XXX.3.11. Colorized Volume Rendering of Segmented Volume Data .....................................................................

760​

XXX.3.11.1. User Scenario .......................................................................................................................

760​

XXX.3.11.2. Encoding Outline ...................................................................................................................

760​

XXX.3.11.3. Encoding Details ....................................................................................................................

761​

XXX.3.11.3.1. Volumetric Presentation State Relationship Module Recommendations ......................................

761​

XXX.3.11.3.2. Volume Render Geometry Module Recommendations ............................................................

761​

XXX.3.11.3.3. Render Shading Module Recommendations .........................................................................

762​

XXX.3.11.3.4. Render Display Module Recommendations ...........................................................................

762​

XXX.3.12. Liver Resection Planning ...............................................................................................................

763​

XXX.3.12.1. User Scenario .......................................................................................................................

763​

XXX.3.12.2. Encoding Outline ...................................................................................................................

764​

XXX.3.12.3. Encoding Details ....................................................................................................................

764​

XXX.3.12.3.1. Volumetric Presentation State Relatonship Module Recommendations .......................................

764​

XXX.3.12.3.2. Volume Cropping Module Recommendations ........................................................................

765​

XXX.3.12.3.3. Volume Cropping Module Recommendations ........................................................................

766​

XXX.3.12.3.4. Render Shading Module Recommendations .........................................................................

766​

XXX.3.12.3.5. Render Display Module Recommendations ...........................................................................

766​

Page 20​

DICOM PS3.17 2020a - Explanatory Information​

XXX.4. Uses of Presentation View Description in the Identification Module .................................................................

768​

XXX.4.1. Hanging Protocols ..........................................................................................................................

768​

XXX.4.2. Structured Displays ........................................................................................................................

769​

XXX.4.3. Ad Hoc Display Layout ....................................................................................................................

769​

XXX.5. Compositing and the Use of Weighting Transfer Functions ............................................................................

769​

XXX.5.1. Fixed Proportional Compositing ........................................................................................................

769​

XXX.5.2. Partially Transparent A Over B Compositing ........................................................................................

770​

XXX.5.3. Pass-through Compositing ...............................................................................................................

770​

XXX.5.4. Threshold Compositing ...................................................................................................................

771​

XXX.6. Usage of the Classification and Compositing Components ............................................................................

771​

YYY. Preclinical Small Animal Imaging Acquisition Context (Informative) ........................................................................

775​

YYY.1.

......................................................................................................................................................... 775​

YYY.1.1. Example of housing and anesthesia for PET-CT ...................................................................................

775​

YYY.1.2. Example of exogenous substance administration to encode tumor cell line ................................................

781​

YYY.1.3. Informative References ...................................................................................................................

782​

ZZZ. Content Assessment (Informative) ..................................................................................................................

785​

ZZZ.1. RT Plan Treatment Assessment Use Case .................................................................................................

785​

AAAA. Protocol Storage Examples and Concepts (informative) ....................................................................................

789​

AAAA.1. Protocol Storage Concepts ...................................................................................................................

789​

AAAA.1.1. Use Cases ..................................................................................................................................

789​

AAAA.1.2. Workflow ................................................................................................................................

790​

AAAA.2. Routine Adult Head Protocol .................................................................................................................

790​

AAAA.2.1. Common Context .........................................................................................................................

791​

AAAA.2.2. Scantech Industries ......................................................................................................................

793​

AAAA.2.3. Acme .........................................................................................................................................

797​

AAAA.3. CT Protocol For Tumor Volumetric Measurements ....................................................................................

805​

AAAA.3.1. Common Context .........................................................................................................................

805​

AAAA.3.2. Acme .........................................................................................................................................

806​

BBBB. Color information for Parametric Object (Informative) ........................................................................................

809​

BBBB.1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................

809​

BBBB.2. Encoding Example ..............................................................................................................................

810​

CCCC. Populating The Simplified Echo Procedure Report Template (Informative) ...........................................................

815​

CCCC.1. Structure Overview .............................................................................................................................

815​

CCCC.2. Use Cases .......................................................................................................................................

815​

CCCC.2.1. Use Case 1: Store and Extract Specific Measurement .........................................................................

815​

CCCC.2.1.1. Configuration .......................................................................................................................

815​

CCCC.2.1.2. Operation ............................................................................................................................

816​

CCCC.2.2. Use Case 2: Store and Process Measurements .................................................................................

816​

CCCC.2.2.1. Configuration .......................................................................................................................

816​

CCCC.2.2.2. Operation ............................................................................................................................

816​

CCCC.3. Differences of Note Between TID_5200 and TID 5300 ...............................................................................

817​

CCCC.3.1. Report Sections ..........................................................................................................................

817​

CCCC.3.2. Finding Observation Type .............................................................................................................

817​

CCCC.4. Usage Guidance ................................................................................................................................

817​

CCCC.4.1. Finding Site ................................................................................................................................

817​

CCCC.4.2. Measured Property ......................................................................................................................

817​

CCCC.4.3. Image View ................................................................................................................................

818​

CCCC.4.4. Cardiac Cycle Point .....................................................................................................................

818​

CCCC.4.5. Measurement Method ..................................................................................................................

818​

CCCC.4.6. Selection Status ..........................................................................................................................

818​

CCCC.4.7. Additional Modifiers .....................................................................................................................

818​

CCCC.5. Example ..........................................................................................................................................

818​

DDDD. Types of Echocardiography Measurement Specifications (Informative) ................................................................

821​

DDDD.1. Overview ..........................................................................................................................................

821​

DDDD.2. Specification of Standard Measurements ................................................................................................

821​

DDDD.3. Specification of Non-standard Measurements ..........................................................................................

822​

DDDD.3.1. Acquiring the Intended Real-World Quantity ......................................................................................

823​

DDDD.3.2. Interpreting the Non-Standard Measurement .....................................................................................

823​

DDDD.3.3. Determining Equivalence of Measurements from Different Sources .......................................................

824​

DDDD.4. Specification of Adhoc (One-Time) Measurements ....................................................................................

824​