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10. The search for a cure for cancer and discovering a solution for manic depression are examples of … research. (pure/applied)

11.StuНвТЧР tСО ЧКturО ШП МОХХ РrШаtС аШuХН ЛО МШЧsТНОrОН … rОsОКrМС.

(pure/applied)

12.Benjamin Franklin was engaged in … research when he tried to compare lightening with static electricity generated by feet rubbing on a rug.

He did not do it to find a better way to illuminate Philadelphia at night nor how to transmit TV piМturОs. HО Уust аКЧtОН tШ “ФЧШа.” (pure/applied)

Study the categories of pure science given in the table and complete the statements about three branches of pure science:

PURE SCIENCE

Overlapping Sciences

http://www.infoplease.com/ipa /A0880382.html

1.Physical sciences НОКХ аТtС (К) … КЧН КХХШа us tШ НОsМrТЛО (Л) …

2.Life sciences НОКХ аТtС (К) … КЧН КХХШа us tШ НОsМrТЛО (Л) …

3.Earth sciences НОКХ аТtС (К) … КЧН КХХШа us tШ НОsМrТЛО (Л) …

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Here is a screenshot of a website which shows the options for choosing PhD research programmes (findaphd.com). Propose examples of research subjects within these disciplines and classify them according to the branches of science.

Find out some details about the research of your groupmate, in

particular:

if he/she is doing research in the field of pure or applied science;

if he/she is acquainted with any scholars in related spheres;

if he/she has read any books by prominent scientists;

if he/she knows what laws/concepts/approaches, etc. of theoretical sci-

ence his/her research is based on;

if he/she has published any scientific papers;

if he/she can anticipate practical results of his/her research.

Useful phrases:

Asking for information

I’Н ХТФО tШ ФЧШа …

CШuХН вШu tОХХ ЦО …

CШuХН I КsФ …

In pairs, discuss the following statements about science. Make a conclusion on whether you agree with them. Account for your opinion. Then compare your ideas with those of your groupmates.

1.Science has been impartial and impersonal.

2.Science has maintained vigilance over its method.

3.Science has suspended judgment when in ignorance.

4.Science has had tentative belief systems or theories.

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SCIENCE

TСО аШrН “science” МШЦОs ПrШЦ tСО LКtТЧ аШrН “scientia ” аСТМС

ЦОКЧs “ФЧШаХОНРО”. SМТОЧtТsts ЦКФО ШЛsОrЯКtТШЧs КЧН МШХХОМt ПКМts ТЧ tСО field they work in. Then they arrange facts orderly and try to express connections between the facts and try to work out theories. Then they have to prove the facts or theory, correct and make sufficient and sound evidence. So scientific knowledge is always growing and improving.

Science has great influence on our life. It provides the base of modern technology, materials, sources of power and so on. Modern science and technology have changed our life in many different ways. For example, the

development of antibiotics and other drugs helps to control many diseases, tСО ТЧЯОЧtТШЧ ШП “ОХОМtrШЧТМ ЛrКТЧ” Шr МКХМuХКtТЧР ЦКМСТЧО аТХХ ХОКН tШ К

higher level of information culture. Science improved the living standards, communications, promoted contact between people and government, made it possible to discover and develop new sources of energy.

The greatest scientists were very persistent and were sure that they

would succeed. Even during times of disappointing experiments they

НТНЧ’t РТЯО up КЧН аОЧt ШЧ аШrФТЧР Шut tСОТr tСОШrТОs. TСОв аОrО КХаКвs

ready to begin everything from the very beginning. They worked a lot, and tСТs аКsЧ’t ПШr ЦШЧОв.

The aim, the main purpose of the greatest scientists of all times was always to find out the truth. So science is growing and prospering and it is the engine of progress.

A. Find equivalents for the word-combinations which can help to describe general types of activities which scientists are in-

b) collect facts, arrange facts, make sufficient and sound evidence, work out a theory.

B. Write a brief report (of 50 words) on general activities which you are engaged in while doing research. You should use the given above collocations.

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Scan text B and pick out the reasons for people to take up science. Copy the table in your notebook, then study the motivation of your group and fill in the table. What conclusion can be made?

REASONS TO TAKE UP SCIENCE

One can do science because one believes that practically and effectively it benefits the world. Many of great scientists have had this as their chief conscious reason. One can do science because it represents the truth. It is rather as though one was avidly interested in all the countryside between this town and the next: one goes in for science for an answer, and is given a road between the two. One can also do science because one enjoys it. Many people like unraveling puzzles. Scientific puzzles are very good ones, with reasonable prizes. So that either without examining the functions of science, being indifferent to them or taking them for granted, a number of men go in for research as they would for law; living by it, obeying its rules, and thoroughly enjoying the problem-solving process. This is a perfectly valid pleasure, among them you can find some of the most effective of scientists. Nowadays I should allow more for accident; many men become scientists because it happens to be convenient and they may as well do it as anything else. But the real urgent drives remain.

In groups make lists of 10 most prominent scientists. Compare

your lists. Say, if you know the names of the scientists in the pictures (pic. 4, a d). IП вou Нon’t knoа, tСОn trв to РuОss. WСКt Нis-

coveries/inventions are these scientists famous for?

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