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would be in near constant use. This would also allow for getting the appropriate vehicle for the particular need – a bus could come for a group of people, a limousine could come for a special night out, children could be chauffeured in supervised safety, and 41,000 lives could be saved each year in the US alone.

The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells the world's motor vehicles. Last year more than 70 million motor vehicles, including cars and commercial vehicles were produced worldwide. A total of 71.9 million new cars were sold worldwide: 22.9 million in Europe, 21.4 million in the Asia-Pacific Region, 19.4 million in the USA and Canada, 4.4 million in Latin America, 2.4 million in the Middle East and 1.4 million in Africa. The markets in North America and Japan were stagnant, while those in South America and other parts of Asia grew strongly. Of the major markets, China, Russia, Brazil and India saw the most rapid growth.

About 250 million vehicles are in use in the United States. Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007; they burn over 260 billion US gallons (980,000,000 m3) of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly. The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China and India. In the opinion of some, urban transport systems based around the car have proved unsustainable, consuming excessive energy, affecting the health of populations, and delivering a declining level of service despite increasing investments. Many of these negative impacts fall disproportionately on those social groups who are also least likely to own and drive cars. The sustainable transport movement focuses on solutions to these problems.

With rapidly rising oil prices, industries such as the automotive industry, are experiencing a combination of pricing pressures from raw material costs and changes in consumer buying habits. The industry is also facing increasing external competition from the public transport sector, as consumers re-evaluate their private vehicle usage. Roughly half of the US's fifty-one light vehicle plants are projected to permanently close in the coming years, with the loss of another 200,000 jobs in the sector, on top of the 560,000 jobs lost this decade. Combined with robust growth in China, this resulted in China becoming the largest car producer and market in the world. China sales increased to 13.6 million, a significant increase from one million of domestic car sales in 2000. Since then however, even in China and other BRIC countries, the automotive production is again falling.

Established alternatives for some aspects of car use include public transit such as buses, trolleybuses, trains, subways, tramways, light rail, cycling, and walking. Carshare arrangements and carpooling are also increasingly popular, in the US and Europe. For example, in the US, some car-sharing services have experienced doubledigit growth in revenue and membership growth. Services like car sharing offering residents to "share" a vehicle rather than own a car in already congested neighborhoods. Bike-share systems have been tried in some European cities, including Copenhagen and Amsterdam. Similar programs have been experimented with in a number of US cities. Additional individual modes of transport, such as personal rapid transit could serve as an alternative to cars if they prove to be socially accepted.

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3. Continue the sentences:

1.Fully autonomous vehicles are expected to be…

2.This would be possible if…

3.This would also allow…

4.Around the world, there were…

5.Many of these negative impacts fall on …

6.The sustainable transport movement focuses on…

7.The industry is also facing…

8.Established alternatives for some aspects of car use include …

9.Car-share arrangements and carpooling are…

4.Write down the English key words of the text and translate them into Russian.

5.Write а summary of the text in English and present it in a form of a report.

6.Define the type of the business letter below:

Electrical Supplies Ltd.

Coventry England

E.C.7.

20th May, 2015

Rossimport

Moscow, Russia

Dear Sirs,

With reference to your enquiry of May 11, we confirm that we manufacture the equipment you are interested in. Our equipment is not very expensive and it is in great demand on the world market. We are doing business with many firms in Eastern Europe and we have never received any complaints. We can supply you with the number of engines you require.

We are enclosing with the letter our latest catalogue and leaflets where you will find all the technical and commercial information. We also enclose our price-list and General Conditions of Sale including the terms of payment.

Many thanks for your enquiry and we look forward to receiving your order in the near future. If you have questions please do not hesitate to contact us.

Yours faithfully, Tom Jones

7. Write a letter to a business partner.

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Avoid driving in another driver’s blind spot; if you cannot see the inside, rearview mirror of the car ahead, he probably cannot see you. Whenever possible, avoid driving side-by-side.

It is also important to look at least one block ahead – whenever traffic allows you to see that far – and to keep your eyes moving, scanning for possible problems. By looking a block ahead, you can check the traffic signal at the next corner and «time» your approach to reach the intersection with a green light.

In city traffic, it’s generally best to travel in the right-hand lane. This avoids your being stopped behind cars turning left and reduces conflict with oncoming traffic. Stay in one lane whenever possible and plan when you need to change lanes.

On the one-way streets, your choice of lanes depends on what you plan to do. Use the center lane if you plan to travel several blocks; use the outside lanes for turning. Traffic signals are usually coordinated and timed with the speed limit.

By maintaining a constant speed, you can avoid frequent stops. Resist the urge to speed up just because there is no oncoming traffic.

Many of the hazards you will face in city driving require quick decisions. Suppose child darts into the street, chasing a ball. Alternatively, the door of a parked car suddenly opens, just as you are about to pass by. Driving defensively, you may have predicted these hazards.

Rural highways can be narrow two-lane roads or multi-lane highways. Sometimes you can drive for miles on the open road without seeing another vehicle. However, empty country roads can be just as dangerous as heavy city traffic, because drivers may relax their attention. You should be on the alert for hidden intersections, curves, hills and different road conditions.

To give you advance notice of changes in the road watch for warning signs posted along the highway. Watch for other vehicles, especially trucks, oversize and slowmoving vehicles. It is just as important that other drivers be able to see you. Turn your headlights on earlier in the day, and signal all turns and stops well in advance.

At highway speeds, a dangerous situation can develop very quickly. Speed is the critical factor in highway driving. You will have to adjust your speed to deal with each of the following highway hazards.

Oncoming vehicles are just a few feet away when you meet on undivided highways. If your escape route is limited by a narrow road shoulder or ditch, you should reduce your speed. If you are meeting a line of cars, watch out for drivers who may be attempting to pass the line. To help them to see you, turn on your headlights. Move near the edge of the pavement and look for possible escape routes, just in case.

Advance warning signs are placed before the crossing. These signs warn you to look, listen and slow down, because you may have to stop. Railroad crossing signs will be found at most crossings. If there is more than one track, the sign below the crossing will indicate the number of tracks at the crossing.

Flashing light signals are used with crossing signs at many crossings. Always stop when the light begins to flash because a train is coming. Do not proceed until you can do so safely.

If there is more than one track, make sure all tracks are clear before crossing. Gates are used with flashing light signals at some crossings. Stop when the lights begin to

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flash (before the gate lowers across your side of the road). Remain stopped until the gates are raised and the lights stop flashing.

Pavement markings may be painted on the pavement at the approach to some crossing. Slow down and be prepared to stop. Look both ways and listen. Trains can come in any time. Be ready to stop when you are following buses or trucks, which have to stop at railroad crossings.

If your car stalls on the tracks, do not hesitate. Get yourself and your passengers out and away from the car immediately. Never start across the tracks unless there is room for your car on the other side.

3. Continue the sentences:

1.City traffic conditions create…

2.You are faced with…

3.In heavy city traffic,…

4.During rush hours,…

5.Whenever possible,…

6.It is also important to…

7.It’s generally best to…

8.On the one-way streets,…

9.Traffic signals are usually coordinated…

10.Many of the hazards you will face…

11.Rural highways can be…

12.You should be on the alert for…

13.Watch for…

14.Speed is…

15.To help them to see you,…

16.If there is more than one track,…

17.Trains can come…

18.Never start…

4. Choose the right variants and fill in the gaps:

B) You __________ use pauses to slow your pace down and make your sentences

C) Did Mr. Bridges receive you on the day of your arrival? – ________________.

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