Материал: 3771
3. Continue the sentences:
1.An ambulance is…
2.The word is most commonly associated with…
3.These are usually fitted with…
4.Other vehicles used as ambulances include…
5.Emergency ambulances are required to…
6.For these reasons,…
7.Modern ambulances often carry…
8.In addition…
9.This enables drivers of other vehicles to…
10.A more recent development is…
11.Ambulances can be based on…
4.Write down the key words of the text and the summary of the text in English.
5.Choose the right variants and fill in the gaps:
A) When ___________ is paid they allow the vehicle to pass. |
|
||
а) the automobile |
c) the toll |
|
|
b) the limited access highways |
d) the state highway departments |
||
B) Before __________ the graph or chart, prepare the audience for it. |
|||
а) shown |
b) show |
c) showing |
d) to show |
C) What is your current job title? – _______________________________. а) I am twenty years old. c) My salary is rather high.
b) I am a travel agent. d) My interests include swimming and reading.
8. Put the parts of the business letter in correct order:
1) |
2) |
3) |
4) |
|
|
||
a) I am enclosing a brochure and |
b) The reason I am writing to you is |
||
price list for your consideration. I |
that I represent a new regional chain of |
||
look forward to talking to you at that |
auto parts stores, and that we have been |
||
time. |
|
good sellers in many cities. |
|
Sincerely, |
|
|
|
John Kim |
|
|
|
Enclosures: brochure, price list. |
|
|
|
c) |
|
d) |
Asian Auto Products |
Dear Mr. Chan, |
|
450 Sutter Street |
|
My name is John Kim and I am an |
Suite 102 San Francisco |
||
accountant representative with Asian |
|
March 12, 2015 |
|
Auto Products, Inc. in San Francisco. |
Automobile repair workshops |
||
|
|
125 Maiden Lane |
|
26
San Francisco
SECTION 8
1. Learn the words and word combinations:
carbon dioxide |
углекислый газ |
fiscal policies |
налоговая политика |
road tax |
дорожный налог |
gas guzzler tax |
налог на автомобили с высоким |
|
расходом топлива |
vehicle purchase decision |
решение о покупке транспортного |
|
средства |
polluting / pollution |
загрязнение |
fuel-efficient car |
топливосберегающий автомобиль |
recyclable |
пригодный для вторичного |
|
использования |
light truck standards |
стандарты легкого грузового |
|
автомобиля |
resource intensive |
интенсивно использующий ресурсы |
energy usage, waste and water |
энергетическое использование, отходы |
consumption |
и потребление воды |
to sprawl |
разрастаться |
risk of a variety of diseases |
риск множества заболеваний |
to breath unhealthy air |
вдыхать нездоровый воздух |
habitat destruction |
разрушение среды обитания |
significant environmental mitigation |
значительное экологическое |
|
улучшение |
propulsion technologies |
технологии движения |
fuel cells |
топливные элементы |
carbon nano-tubes |
углеродные нанотрубки |
to share cars |
совместно использовать автомобили |
pool scheme |
групповая схема |
2. Read and translate the text:
MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR TO AIR POLLUTION
While there are different types of fuel that may power cars, most rely on gasoline or diesel. The United States Environmental Protection Agency states that the average vehicle emits 8,887 grams of carbon dioxide per gallon of gasoline. The average vehicle running on diesel fuel will emit 10,180 grams of carbon dioxide.
Many governments are using fiscal policies (such as road tax or the US gas guzzler tax) to influence vehicle purchase decisions, with a low CO2 figure often resulting in reduced taxation. Fuel taxes may act as an incentive for the production of more
27
efficient, hence less polluting, car designs (e.g. hybrid vehicles) and the development of alternative fuels. High fuel taxes may provide a strong incentive for consumers to purchase lighter, smaller, more fuel-efficient cars, or to not drive.
On average, today's automobiles are about 75 percent recyclable, and using recycled steel helps reduce energy use and pollution. In the United States Congress, federally mandated fuel efficiency standards have been debated regularly, passenger car standards have not raised above the 27.5 miles per US gallon (8.6 L/100 km) standard set in 1985. Light truck standards have changed more frequently, and were set at 22.2 miles per US gallon (10.6 L/100 km) in 2007.
The manufacture of vehicles is resource intensive, and many manufacturers now report on the environmental performance of their factories, including energy usage, waste and water consumption. The growth in popularity of the car allowed cities to sprawl, therefore encouraging more travel by car resulting in inactivity and obesity, which in turn can lead to increased risk of a variety of diseases.
Transportation (of all types including trucks, buses and cars) is a major contributor to air pollution in most industrialized nations. According to the American Surface Transportation Policy Project nearly half of all Americans are breathing unhealthy air. Their study showed air quality in dozens of metropolitan areas has worsened over the last decade.
Animals and plants are often negatively impacted by cars via habitat destruction and pollution. Over the lifetime of the average car the "loss of habitat potential" may be over 50,000 square meters (540,000 sq ft) based on primary production correlations. Animals are also killed every year on roads by cars, referred to as Road kill. More recent road developments are including significant environmental mitigations in their designs such as green bridges to allow wildlife crossings, and creating wildlife corridors.
Growth in the popularity of vehicles and commuting has led to traffic congestion.
Brussels was considered |
Europe's |
most |
congested |
city |
in 2011. |
Car propulsion technologies |
that are |
under |
development |
include gasoline / |
|
electric and plug-in hybrids, battery electric vehicles, hydrogen |
cars, |
biofuels, and |
|||
various alternative fuels.
Research into future alternative forms of power includes the development of fuel cells, and even using the stored energy of compressed air or liquid nitrogen. New materials which may replace steel car bodies include duralumin, fiberglass, carbon
fiber, and carbon nano-tubes. Telematics technology is allowing more and |
more |
people to share cars, on a pay-as-you-go basis, through car share and |
car |
pool schemes. Communication is also evolving due to connected car systems. |
|
3. Continue the sentences: |
|
1.The United States Environmental Protection Agency states that…
2.Many governments are using…
3.Fuel taxes may act as…
4.High fuel taxes may provide…
5.On average,…
28
6.The manufacture of vehicles is…
7.Transportation (of all types including trucks, buses and cars) is…
8.Their study showed…
9.Animals and plants are…
10.More recent road developments are including…
11.Research into future alternative forms of power includes…
4.Write the summary of the text in English.
5.Choose the right variants and fill in the gaps:
A) Online automobile repair shops provide doorstep repair services and home delivery of ___________.
а) signals, signs, and markings |
c) manufacturer or distributor |
b) new and used auto parts |
d) technicians and mechanics |
B) An owner can make decisions quickly without _______ to consult others.
а) have had |
c) having |
b) had |
d) to have |
C) What is your practical work experience? – ___________________________.
а) About $500, I think. |
c) In a month’s time. |
b) Five years. |
d) It depends on the job. |
D) In the______________ a recent law (The EC Block Exemption Regulation 1400/2002, October 2003) allows motorists more flexibility in selecting where they can get their car serviced.
а) France |
c) UK |
b) European Union |
d) USA |
6. Put the parts of the business letter in correct order:
|
1) |
2) |
3) |
4) |
|
|
|
|
|
||
a) Thank you for your help beforehand. |
|
b) |
Transmaster Innovations, Inc. |
||
We're looking forward to your prompt |
|
|
18 West Avenue |
||
reply. |
|
|
|
Orlando, FI 32808 |
|
|
With best wishes, |
|
|
|
Phone 407-555-8312 |
|
Foreign Sales Department |
|
|
Fax 407-555-8313 |
|
|
Philip Burrow |
|
|
|
|
c) |
Dear Mr. Katsumi, |
|
d) |
September, 16, 2016 |
|
|
We are very much interested in an |
|
|
|
|
ad of yours that ran in a recent issue of |
|
Mr. Katsumi |
|||
New Electronics. Would you please tell |
|
Katsumi Electronics, Ltd. |
|||
us more about your latest PC. Рlease |
|
10 Ichiban-cho |
|||
send |
your wholesale |
prices and your |
|
Tokyo 102, |
|
29
terms. |
Japan |
SECTION 9 |
|
1. Learn the words and word combinations:
driverless electric vehicles |
электромобиль без водителя |
fully autonomous vehicle |
полностью автономное транспортное |
|
средство |
to be commercially available |
быть коммерчески доступным |
declining level of service |
снижение уровня обслуживания |
urban transport system |
городская транспортная система |
unsustainable |
нестабильный |
negative impact |
негативное воздействие |
least likely |
маловероятно |
to own а car |
владеть автомобилем |
pricing pressure |
ценовое давление |
raw material costs |
затраты на сырье |
changes in consumer buying habits |
изменения в потребительских |
|
привычках на покупки |
external competition |
внешняя конкуренция |
public transport sector |
сектор общественного транспорта |
private vehicle usage |
использование личного транспортного |
|
средства |
jobs |
рабочие места |
robust growth |
устойчивый рост |
light rail |
скоростной трамвай |
carpooling |
совместное пользование автомобилем |
сar-share |
долевое участие во владении |
|
автомобилем |
personal rapid transit |
индивидуальный скоростной |
|
транспорт |
2. Read and translate the text:
AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTION: TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT
A robotic Volkswagen Passat shown at Stanford University is a driverless car. Fully autonomous vehicles, also known as driverless cars, already exist in prototype (such as the Google driverless car), and are expected to be commercially available around 2020. According to urban designer and futurist Michael E. Arth, driverless electric vehicles – in conjunction with the increased use of virtual reality for work, travel, and pleasure – could reduce the world's 800 million vehicles to a fraction of that number within a few decades.
This would be possible if almost all private cars requiring drivers, which are not in use and parked 90% of the time, would be traded for public self-driving taxis that
30