Материал: Oxford American Handbook of Urology ( PDFDrive )

non-stone, urological causes, 17

nonurological causes, 17–18

chronic flank pain, 18 nonurological causes, 19 urological causes, 18

urological and nonurological flank pain, 18

Flavoxate, 82

Flexible ureteroscopes, 378–9, 646

technique, 646 Flomax, 390–1

Fluid restriction, 100 Fluorescent in situ

hybridization (FISH), 254–5

Fluoroquinolones, 144, 145, 148–9, 158–9

Focal bone pain, 243 4-glass test, 167

Fournier gangrene, 160–1 diagnosis, 160 presentation, 160 treatment, 160–1

Fowler syndrome, 91, 104–5 Free-to-total (F:T) ratio, 200 Frontal lobe lesions, bladder

dysfunction in, 525 Fructose, 472–4

G

Gabapentin, 163 Gamete intrafallopian

transfer (GIFT), 481 Gemcitabine, 265 Genital filariasis, 179 Genital symptoms, 22–3

priapism, 23 scrotal pain, 22

testicular tumors, acute presentations of, 22–3

Genital tract, differentiation of, 553

Gentamicin, 158–9, 160–1, 164, 168, 520–1, 574 Germ cell tumors (GCT),

188–9, 300

Gleason score, 212, 213 Glomerular filtration rate

(GFR), 663–4 Glycine, 592

Gonococcal urethritis (GU), 140–1

Granulomatous prostatitis, 170

Greenlight Laser Prostatectomy, 87

Groin, lumps in. See Lumps in groin

Gross hematuria, 422, 426 Guide wires, 590–1 Gunshot injuries, 420

H

Helical CT, 50 Hematospermia, 8–9

causes, 8 examination, 8 investigation, 8 treatment, 8–9

Hematuria, 36

Hematuria, macroscopic, 68 Hematuria I, 2

definition, 2 microscopic/dipstick

hematuria, 2 Hematuria II, 4–7

common causes, 4 and cystoscopy, 5–6

diagnostic cystoscopy, 5 further investigation, 6–7 medical (nephrological), 4 surgical (urological), 4 upper tract imaging

study, 6

urological investigation, 5 Heme test, urine dipsticks

test for, 2 Hemoglobin, 36 Hemorrhage

after circumcision, 618 during pyeloplasty, 650 after TURP, 612–13 after TURBT, 615

Hemorrhagic shock, 580 Hemospermia. See

Hematospermia Hemostasis, 88–9 Heparin, 577–8 Hereditary papillary RCC

(HPRCC), 279 Hernia, 30

High-dose radiation (HDR), 228–9

High-flow priapism, 23 High-grade prostatic

intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), 190, 193

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), 85, 227, 230–1

High-pressure chronic retention (HPCR), 102

acute treatment, 102 definitive treatment, 102

High-pressure sphincter, 508, 518

High-riding prostate, 442 HIV in urological surgery,

180–1 diagnosis, 180

INDEX 677

needle stick injury, 181 pathogenesis, 180 urological sequelae, 180–1

Holmium laser, 598–600, 598, 599

Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), 86–7

Holmium laser prostatectomy, 86–7

Holmium laser resection of the prostate (HoLRP), 86–7

Holmium-only laser ablation of the prostate (HoLAP), 86–7

Hopkins rod-lens system, 606

Hormone assay, in male infertility, 472, 473, 476–7

Hormone therapy, 232 additional therapies, 238–9 androgen deprivation,

mechanisms of, 234–6 androgen-independent/

castration-resistant disease, 240–1

castration-resistant prostate cancer, 241

cytotoxic chemotherapy, 240–1

early versus delayed hormone therapy, 238

hormone dependence of prostate cancer, 233

intermittent hormone therapy, 238

monitoring treatment, 238 prognostic factors, 233 second-line hormone

therapy, 240 Horseshoe kidney, 348, 349 HPC-1 gene, 9

Human chorionic gonadotrophin, 299

Hunner’s ulcer, 173 Hydatid disease, 178 Hydrocele, 31, 32, 620 Hydronephrosis, 41, 406–8

bilateral, 408 causes, 409 diagnostic approach,

406–8 management of, 522 of pregnancy, 402, 536 ultrasound, 406 unilateral, 407

Hyoscyamine, 511

Hypercalcemia, 362 Hypercalciuria, 356, 362 Hyperchloremic acidosis,

641

678 INDEX

Hypernephroma. See Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

Hyperoxaluria, 362 Hypertension and renal

injury, 429 Hyperuricosuria, 362 Hypocitraturia, 362 Hypofractionation, 226–7 Hypospadias, 550–1 Hypothalamic–pituitary–

testicular axis, 466, 467

I

Iatrogenic renal injury, 429 IL-2 (Aldesleukin), 9

Ileal conduit, 266, 640–1 complications, 266 indications, 640 postoperative care

and common post-operative complications and management, 640–1

procedure-specific consent form, 641

Ileal loopogram, 48 Imipramine, 122, 492, 569 Impotence

causes, 489 evaluation of, 488–9 treatment, 490–1 Incontinence, C4 causes and

pathophysiology,

112–13 classification, 110–1

mixed urinary incontinence, 110–1

nocturnal enuresis, 110–1

overflow incontinence, 110–1

post-micturition dribble, 110–1

stress urinary incontinence (SUI), 110–1

urge urinary incontinence (UUI), 110–1

definition, 110

in elderly patient, 132 management, 132 prevalence, 132 transient causes

(DIAPPERS), 132 evaluation, 114–15 investigation, 114–15

bladder diaries, 114 blood tests, X-ray

imaging, cystoscopy, 114

680INDEX

motor innervation of bladder, 500

parasympathetic, 500 sympathetic, 500

sensory innervation of urethra, 503

somatic motor innervation of urethral sphincter, 501

Lower urinary tract infection, 140–1

noninfective hemorrhagic cystitis, 140

urethral syndrome, 141 urethritis, 140–1

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), 10–3, 68, 70–1, 72–3, 242

and acute urinary retention, 72–3

and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

clinical practice guidelines, 70

digital rectal examination (DRE) and PSA, 70

flow rate measurement, 70

post-void residual urine volume (PVR), 70 pressure-flow studies, 71

renal ultrasonography, 71

serum creatinine, 70 bothersome symptoms, 72 causes, 10–3

and prostate cancer, 72 uncomplicated, 74–5

Low-flow (ischemic) priapism, 23

Low-pressure sphincter, 508, 518

Lumps in groin, 30–1 diagnosis, determining, 30 enlarged inguinal lymph

nodes, 30 femoral aneurysm, 31 hydrocele of cord, 31 lipoma of cord, 31 psoas abscess, 31 saphena varix, 30

undescended testis, 31 Lumps in scrotum, 32–4 diagnosis, determining, 32–4

differential diagnosis, 32 Luteinizing hormone (LH),

233

Luteinizing hormone– releasing hormone (LHRH), 228, 233

side effects, 236 Lycopene, 244 Lymphadenopathy, 319

Lymphatic filariasis, 179 Lymph nodes, enlarged

inguinal, 30 Lymphocele, 222, 634 Lymphoma management,

309

M

Macroscopic (gross) hematuria, 2

MAG3 renogram, 52–3 description, 52–3 phases, 52

uses, 53

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 6, 50–1

Male posterior urethral injuries, 448

Male reproductive physiology, 466–8

hypothalamic–pituitary– testicular axis, 466

mature sperm, 466–8 spermatogenesis, 466 testosterone, 466

Malignant ureteral obstruction, 463

bilateral ureteric obstruction, 463

immediate treatment, 463

unilateral obstruction, 463

Malrotation, of kidney, 350, 351

Marshall–Marchetti–Krantz (MMK) procedure, 117

Mature sperm, 466–8 Maximal androgen blockade

(MAB), 240 Meares-Stamey test, 167 Medtronic InterStim

therapy, 105 for nocturia, 100

Medullary cystic disease, 558 Medullary sponge kidney

(MSK) definition, 336

differential diagnosis, 336 investigation

biochemistry, 336 intravenous pyelogram

(IVP), 336 pathology, 336 presentation, 336 prevalence, 336 treatment, 337

Metabolic abnormalities, 268 Metastatic bladder cancer,

265

Metastatic disease, 196, 233, 319

Methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, and cisplatin (MVAC), 264

Methylene-disphosphonate (MDP), 53

Metronidazole, 160–1

Microhematuria, 426

Microscopic/dipstick hematuria, 2

Micturition, physiology of, 504–5, 660

Midstream specimen of urine (MSU)

dipstick of, 140–1 microscopy of, 140–1

Midstream urine specimen (MSU), 534

Mitomycin C (MMC), 254, 258

Mitoxantrone, 240–1 Mitrofanoff procedure, 104,

266–8

Mixed incontinence, 126 definition, 126 investigation and

management, 126 SUI component, 126

Mixed urinary incontinence (MUI), 20, 110–1

MR urography (MRU), 388, 403–4

M stage of prostate cancer, 208

MTOPS study (Medical Therapy of Prostatic Symptoms), 80–1

Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK), 558–9

Multidetector computed tomography urography (MDCTU), 6

Multilocular cystic nephroma, 559

Multiple sclerosis (MS), bladder dysfunction in, 524

Multiple system atrophy (MSA), bladder dysfunction in, 524–5

Mumps orchitis, 163 Muscle-invasive bladder

cancer. See also Bladder cancer

bladder preservation, 260–2

locally advanced bladder cancer, 264–5

metastatic bladder cancer, 265

palliative treatment, 263 partial cystectomy, 260–2 radical cystectomy,

260–2

radical cystectomy with urinary diversion, 260–2

efficacy of, 262

major complications, 261 postoperative care,

261–2 procedure, 261 salvage radical

cystectomy, 261–2 radical external beam

radiotherapy, 263

N

National Cancer Institute (NCI), 194

National Comprehensive

Cancer Network (NCCN), 216–17 Nd:YAG laser beam, 87

Needle biopsy, 274–5 Neobladder, 266–8 Neoplasia, urological

benign renal masses, 276–7

bladder cancer diagnosis and staging,

254–5 epidemiology and

etiology, 246 pathology and staging,

248–51 presentation, 252 urinary diversion after

cystectomy, 266–8 localized prostate cancer

management brachytherapy (BT),

228–9 cryotherapy and high-

intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), 230–1

general principles, 215 radical external beam

radiotherapy (EBRT), 226–7

radical prostatectomy, 218–20

watchful waiting and active surveillance, 216–17

locally advanced nonmetastatic prostate cancer, management, 232

muscle-invasive bladder cancer

locally advanced bladder cancer, 264–5

metastatic bladder cancer, 265