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672 CHAPTER 18 Urological eponyms

Leydig cells: interstitial cells of the testis.

Franz von Leydig (1821–1908). Professor of Histology, Würtzburg, Tübingen, Bonn.

Malécot catheter: large-bore catheter, used for drainage of kidney following PCNL.

Achille Malécot (1852–?). Surgeon in Paris.

Millin’s prostatectomy: retropubic open prostatectomy.

Terence Millin (1903–1980). Irish Surgeon, trained in Dublin. Surgeon at the Middlesex and Guy’s Hospitals and, later, the Westminster Hospital. He became President of the British Association of Urological Surgeons and then President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland.

Peyronie’s disease: fibrosis of shaft of penis causing a bend of the penis during erection.

Francois Peyronie (1678–1747). Surgeon to Louis XV in Paris.

Pfannenstiel incision: suprapubic incision used for surgery to the bladder and uterus.

Hermann Pfannenstiel (1862–1909). Gynecologist from Breslau.

(Space of) Retzius: prevesical space.

Andreas Retzius (1796–1860). Professor of Anatomy and Physiology at the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.

Santorini plexus: plexus of veins on the ventral surface of the prostate Giandomenico Santorini (1681–1738). Professor of Anatomy and

Medicine in Venice. Wrote a great work on anatomy, Observationes anatomicae, published in Venice in 1724.

Scarpa fascia: deep layer of the superficial fascia of the abdominal wall. Antonio Scarpa (1747–1832). Professor of Anatomy in Modena and

Pavia.

Sertoli cells: supportive cells of testicular epithelium.

Entrico Sertoli (1842–1910). Professor of Experimental Physiology, Milan.

Trendelenburg position: head-down operating position.

Friedrich Trendelenburg (1844–1924). Langenbeck’s assistant in Berlin, and was then Professor of Surgery at Rostock, Bonn, and then Leipzig.

Weigert’s law: inverse position of ectopic ureter (the ureter of the upper moiety of a duplex system) drains distally into the bladder (or below, into the urethra), whereas the lower pole ureter drains into a proximal position in the bladder.

Carl Weigert (1845–1904). German pathologist.

Wilms tumor: nephroblastoma of kidney.

Max Wilms (1867–1918). Surgical assistant to Trendelenburg in Leipzig and subsequently Professor of Surgery in Leipzig. Later, Professor of Surgery in Basle and Heidelberg.

Young’s prostatectomy: perineal prostatectomy.

Hugh Hampton Young (1870–1945). Professor of Urology, John Hopkins School of Medicine.

Index

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), 43

Abdominal distension, 25 Abdominal examination in

urological disease, 24–5 abdominal distension, 25 enlarged bladder, 25 enlarged kidney, 24 enlarged liver, 24 enlarged spleen, 24 umbilicus, 25

causes of, 25 Acid–base balance, 667–7 Acquired renal cystic

disease (ARCD) associated disorders, 338 definition, 338 epidemiology, 338 etiology, 338 investigation, 338 pathology, 338 presentation, 338 treatment, 339

Active surveillance, 232 Acute inflammatory

demyelinating polyneuropathy, 525–6

Adenocarcinoma, 212, 251, 268

Adenoma, 188–9

Adrenaline, 618

Adrenal steroid synthesis, metabolic pathways for, 555

D-Adrenergic blockers, 511

D-Adrenoceptor (AR), 76 AdVance, 129 Albendazole, 178, 179 ALFIN study, 80–1 Alfuzosin, 76, 390–1 Allopurinol, 384 5D-reductase (AR), 64 5D-reductase inhibitors,

78–9, 80–1

and D-blocker, 80–1 efficacy, 78

for hematuria due to BPH, 78–9

and risk of urinary retention, 78

side effects, 78

D-blocker

Antidiuretic hormone

 

and 5D-reductase

(ADH), 665

 

inhibitor, 80–1

deficiency, 14–15

 

Antiestrogens, 480

 

classification, 76

 

Antimicrobial drug therapy,

 

efficacy, 76

 

146

 

indications for treatment,

 

Artificial urinary sphincter

 

76

 

(AUS), 120–1

 

side effects, 76–7

 

complications and long-

 

therapy, 76

 

term outcomes, 121

 

D-fetoprotein (AFP), 299

 

Alprostadil (MUSE;

indications and patient

 

selection, 120

 

Caverject), 490

 

patient evaluation, 120

 

American Urological

 

results, 120

 

Association (AUA), 5–6,

 

Assisted conception, 481

 

84, 84–5

 

Assisted reproductive

 

Amoxicillin, 520–1, 534, 574

 

techniques (ART), 481

 

Ampicillin, 148–9, 160–1,

 

Asymptomatic inflammatory

 

534

 

prostatitis, 169

 

Androgen deprivation,

 

Atypical small acinar

 

mechanisms of, 234–6

 

proliferation (ASAP),

 

Androgen-independent/

 

193

 

castration-resistant

 

Augmentation

 

disease, 240–1

 

enterocystoplasty, 124

 

Androgen-independent

 

Auto-augmentation, 124

 

phase, 240

 

Autoclaving, 604

 

Androgen replacement

 

Autonomic dysreflexia

 

therapy, 490

 

(AD), management

 

Angiogenic factors, 188–9

 

of, 523

 

Angiomyolipoma (AML),

 

Autosomal dominant

 

276–7

 

polycystic kidney disease

 

pathology, 277

 

(ADPKD), 558

 

presentation, 277

 

associated disorders, 340

 

investigations, 277

 

definition, 340

 

treatment, 277

 

differential diagnosis, 340

 

Angiomyolipoma, 188–9

 

epidemiology, 340

 

Anterior urethra, 106

 

etiology, 340

 

Anterior urethral injuries,

 

investigation, 341

 

452

 

pathology, 340

 

complete rupture, 452

 

presentation, 340

 

diagnosis and subsequent

 

treatment, 341

 

management,

 

Autosomal recessive

 

confirming, 452

 

polycystic kidney disease

 

history and examination,

 

(ARPKD), 558

 

452

 

Azoospermia, 476–8

 

partial rupture, 452

 

Aztreonam, 148–9

 

penetrating anterior

 

 

 

urethral injuries, 452

B

 

Antiandrogens, 236

 

Antibiotic prophylaxis

 

low-dose, 143–4

Bacille Calmette–Guérin

 

post-intercourse, 144

(BCG), 258–9

 

self-start therapy, 145

Back pain, 68

 

 

in urological surgery, 574

Baclofen, 122

 

Anticholinergics, 82, 122

Bacterial prostatitis, 168–9

 

674

INDEX

 

 

 

 

Bacterial resistance to drug

Bicarbonate reabsorption

risk factors, 246

 

 

therapy, 146

along nephron, 668, 669

urinary diversion after

 

 

Bacteriuria, 134–5

Bilateral obstruction of a

cystectomy, 266–8

 

 

Balanitis, 182

ureter (BUO), 414

continent diversion,

 

 

Balanitis xerotica obliterans

Bilateral orchiectomy, 234

266–8

 

 

(BXO), 107, 310–3

side effects, 236

ileal conduit, 266

 

 

Balanoposthitis, 182

Bilateral ureteric

ureterosigmoidostomy,

 

 

Ball et al. study, 74–5

obstruction, 463

266

 

 

Basic science of relevance

immediate treatment, 463

Bladder management

 

 

to urological practice,

Biofeedback, 126

techniques, for

 

 

659–67

Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD)

neuropathic patient,

 

 

bladder, physiology of, 660

syndrome, 279

510–3

 

 

micturition, physiology

Bladder. See also

bladder augmentation,

 

 

of, 660

Neuropathic bladder

512–13

 

 

renal anatomy, 661–3

abnormalities, 112

deafferentation, 513

 

 

renal blood flow (RBF),

afferent innervation of,

external sphincterotomy,

 

 

661–2

500–1

511

 

 

renal function, 662–3

augmentation, 512–13

indwelling catheters, 511

 

 

renal physiology

behavior in patient with

intermittent self-

 

 

acid–base balance, 668–9

neurological disease,

catheterization (ISC),

 

 

sodium and potassium

506–7

511

 

 

excretion, regulation

characteristics and causes

medical therapy, 511

 

 

of, 665

of, 25

sacral neuromodulation,

 

 

water balance, regulation

diagnosis, 444

512

 

 

of, 664

extraperitoneal

urinary diversion, 513

 

 

urethra, physiology of,

perforation, 444

Bladder neck stenosis,

 

 

660

imaging studies, 444–6

222–3

 

 

Bed-wetting, 21, 68

injuries, 444–6

Bladder outlet obstruction

 

 

Behavioral exercises, 126

associated with pelvic

(BOO), 10–3, 66, 242

 

 

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

fractures, 440–2

acute urinary retention

 

 

(BPH), 10–3, 39, 198–9

intraperitoneal

definition,

 

 

androgens’ role in, 64

perforation, 444

pathophysiology, and

 

 

and bladder outlet

motor innervation of, 500

causes, 90–1

 

 

obstruction (BOO), 66

parasympathetic, 500

initial and definitive

 

 

and lower urinary tract

sympathetic, 500, 502

management, 94

 

 

symptoms (LUTS),

physiology of, 660

benign prostatic

 

 

70–1, 72–3

situations, 444

hyperplasia (BPH)66

 

 

medical management

treatment, 447

D-blockers, 76–7

 

 

5D-reductase inhibitors,

Bladder cancer, 14. See also

5D-reductase inhibitors,

 

 

78–9

Muscle-invasive bladder

78–9

 

 

D-blockers, 76–7

cancer

alternative drug therapy,

 

 

alternative drug therapy,

diagnosis and staging,

82

 

 

82

254–5

combination therapy,

 

 

combination therapy,

staging investigations,

80–1

 

 

80–1

255

and lower urinary tract

 

 

minimally invasive

transurethral resection

symptoms (LUTS),

 

 

management of, 84–5

of bladder tumor

70–1, 72–3

 

 

and prostate growth

(TURBT), 254

minimally invasive

 

 

regulation, 64

epidemiology and etiology,

management of,

 

 

Benign prostatic obstruction

246

84–5

 

 

(BPO), 68

pathology and staging,

and prostate growth

 

 

clinical practice guidelines,

248–51

regulation, 64

 

 

68

adenocarcinoma, 251

uncomplicated, 74–5

 

 

prostatism vs. LUTS vs.

histological grading, 248

benign prostatic

 

 

LUTS/BPH, 68

squamous cell carcinoma

obstruction (BPO), 68

 

 

urinary symptoms, 68

(SCC), 250

high-pressure chronic

 

 

Benign renal masses, 276–7

staging, 248

retention (HPCR), 102

 

 

angiomyolipoma (AML),

tumor spread, 248

lower urinary tract

 

 

276–7

urothelial carcinoma,

symptoms (LUTS),

 

 

oncocytoma, 276

248–50

70–1, 72–3

 

 

Bsubunit (B-hCG), 299

presentation, 252

nocturia and nocturnal

 

 

Bevacizumab, 293

signs, 252

polyuria, management

 

 

Bicalutamide, 232, 236

symptoms, 252

of, 100–1

pathophysiological consequences of, 66

and retention in women, 104–5

suprapubic catheterization, 98–9

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

invasive surgical alternatives to, 86–7

and open prostatectomy, 88–9

surgical alternatives to, 84–5

urethral catheterization, 96–7

urethral stricture disease, 106–7

Bladder outlet obstruction and retention in women, 104–5

voiding studies in women, 104

treatment of, 104 Fowler syndrome, 104–5

Bladder pressure, 60–1 Bladder stones, 400 Bladder syringe, 593 Bleeding

during PCNL, 642

in testicular injuries, 454 Blocked catheters, 552–3 Blood, in urine, 36

Blunt injures, 420 Blunt trauma, testicular

ultrasound in, 454 Boari flap, 437 Bonney test, 114

Bosniak classification, of CT appearance of simple and complex cysts, 333

Bothersome symptoms, 72 Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A)

injection therapy, 124–5 Bowen disease, 310–3 Bowenoid papulosis, 310 Brachytherapy (BT), 228–9

BT plus EBRT, outcomes of, 229

and RP and EBRT, 229 complications, 228 contraindications to, 228 indications for

with EBRT, 228

as monotherapy, 228 outcomes of, 228–9 rising PSA post-BT, 229

Brainstem lesions, bladder dysfunction in, 525

Bristol flow rate nomogram, 55

Buck fascia, 453 Buffering systems, 666

Bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR), 29, 488

Burch colposuspension, 117 Buschke–Löwenstein tumor,

310–3

Butterfly bruising in anterior urethral rupture, 453

C

Calcium oxalate, 362 Calcium oxalate stone

formation, prevention of, 398–9

Calcium phosphate, 363 Calyceal diverticulum, 334 Canal of Nück, 31 Carbonic acid, 668 Carcinoma in situ (CIS),

188–9, 248–50 Carcinomas, 188–9 Castration resistant disease,

233 Castration-resistant

prostate cancer (CRPC), 241

Casts, 37

Catheters, 584, 585, , 588 Catheters and sheaths and neuropathic patient,

516–17

condom catheter sheaths, 517

intermittent catheterization (IC), 516

long-term catheterization, 516–17

Cauda equina compression, 464

Cavernosography, 488–9 Cefaclor, 534

Cefalexin, 534 Cefotaxime, 158–9, 534 Ceftriaxone, 148–9, 158–9 Cefuroxime, 164, 534 Cephalexin, 144

Cephalosporins, 158–9, 534 Cerebrovascular accidents

(CVAs), bladder dysfunction after, 525

Cervix, MRI of, 93 Chemical sterilization, 604 Chemotherapy, 319

adjuvant intravesical, 258–9

Chlorine dioxide (Cidex), 604

Chromophobe RCC, 278–9 Chronic flank pain, 18

nonurological causes, 19 urological causes, 18

Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS), 169

INDEX 675

Chronic pyelonephritis, 154 Ciprofloxacin, 144, 158–9, 169, 520, 520–1, 574

Ciprofloxin, 148–9 Circumcision, 618–19 Cisplatin, 265

Clamshell ileocystoplasty, 124

Clearance of substance, 663–4

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma, 278 Clindamycin, 160–1

Clonal expansion, 188–9 Clot/tumor colic, 17 CO2, 668

Colonic perforation during PCNL, 643

Color Doppler ultrasonography, 162, 488–9

CombAT study, 80–1 Completely patent urachus,

25

Computed tomography (CT), 6, 50

CT cystography, 444–6 CT urography (CTU),

254–5, 403 contrast-enhanced, 6

uses, 50

Condom catheter sheaths, 517

Condyloma acuminatum, 310 Congential adrenal

hyperplasia (CAH), 554–6

Contact laser prostatectomy, 86

Continent diversion, 266–8 Corticosteroids, 480 Creatinine, serum, 102 Cryotherapy, 230 Cutaneous horn, 310–3 Cyst, complex, 333

Cyst, simple

differential diagnosis, 332 etiology, 332 investigation

CT, 333

renal ultrasound, 332–3 presentation, 332 prevalence, 332–3 treatment, 333

Cystic renal disease, 558–9. See also Acquired renal cystic disease (ARCD); Autosomal dominant (adult) polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD); Calyceal diverticulum; Medullary sponge kidney (MSK); Simple cyst

676 INDEX

Cystine, 364

Cystine stones, 384–5 Cystography, 48 Cystometrogram, 21 Cystometry, 60–1 Cystoscopy, 5–6, 610–1

flexible, 610 rigid, 610

Cytology, urine collections for, 38

Cytotoxic chemotherapy, 240–1

D

Daily fluid requirement, 580 Dantec flowmeter, 55 Darifenicin, 122 Deafferentation, 513

Deep venous thromboembolism (DVT), 576–8

diagnosis, 576

risk factors for, 576 treatment, 577

Degree of hematuria, 422, 423

Desmopressin (DDAVP), 100–1, 122, 569

Detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia (DESD), 506–7

Detrusor hyperreflexia (DH), 506–7

Detrusor leak point pressure (DLPP), 115

Detrusor myectomy, 124 Detrusor overactivity (DO),

506–7 Detrusor sphincter

dyssynergia (DSD), 66, 104, 506–7, 511

Devitalized segments of kidney, 426

Dexamethasone, 182, 293 Diabetes insipidus (DI),

14–15

Diagnostic radiological imaging, 388

Diathermy, 602 Diathermy, 601–3

bipolar, 600 monopolar, 600

and pacemakers, 602 potential problems with,

600–1

Dietary oxalate, 399 Dietary risk factors for

stone disease, 357 Diethylcarbamazine, 179 Diffuse bone pain, 243 Digital rectal examination

(DRE), 28–9, 196

abnormal, 197 features to elicit in, 29 and PSA, 70

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 64, 78–9, 190, 233, 552

Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scanning, 53

Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 174

Dipstick hematuria, 2 Dipstick testing, 36–7 Disorders of sex

development (DSD), 554–6

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 243 Dissolution therapy, 384–5

Distal urethral sphincter mechanism, 501

Diuretics, 100

Docetaxel, 265 Doxazosin, 76, 169, 511 D-penicillamine, 384–5 Drains, 584–6

Ductal dysplasia. See Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)

Dutasteride, 78–9, 80–1

E

Early prostate cancer antigen-2 (EPCA-), 00

Early versus delayed hormone therapy, 238

Ectopic ureter, 546 Eection and ejaculation

impotence

evaluation of, 488–9 treatment, 490–1

Peyronie’s disease, 494–5 physiology, 484–5 priapism, 496–8 retrograde ejaculation, 492

eGFR (estimated GFR), 663–4

Electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL), 374

Electromyographic (EMG) activity, 104–5

Embryonal cell, 33 Emphysematous

pyelonephritis, 152, 153 Endoscopic cystolitholapaxy

and (open) cystolithotomy, 654

anesthesia, 654 common postoperative

complications and management, 654

indications, 654 postoperative care, 654

procedure-specific consent form, 654

Enterococcus, 542

Enucleation, 86–7 Enuresis, 568–9 Ephedrine sulfate, 492 Epididymal cyst 33

removal of, 620 Epididymitis, 22, 162–3, 33

chronic epididymitis, 163 differential diagnosis, 162 treatment, 162–3

Epididymo-orchitis, 22 Erectile dysfunction

(ED), 222–3. See also Impotence

ERSPC (European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer) trial, 194

Escherichia coli (E. coli), 542 Estrogen replacement

therapy, 143 Estrogens, 190 Ethambutol, 258–9 European Association of

Urology (EUA) guideline, 84–5

Everolimus, 293

Exstrophy, 560–1

External beam radiotherapy (EBRT), 226–7

External sphincterotomy, 511

Extracorporeal lithotripsy (ESWL), 372–3, 396–7

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), 334 Extraperitoneal perforation,

444, 447

F

False negative urine dipstick, 2

False positive urine dipstick, 2

Familial juvenile nephronophthisis, 558

Femoral aneurysm, 31 Femoral hernia, 30 Finasteride, 78–9, 78,

80–1, 82

Fine needle aspiration, 274–5

Five centers’ study, 74–5 Flank pain, acute, 16

non-stone, urological causes, 17

nonurological causes, 17–18

Flank pain, 16–19 acute flank pain, 16

Источник: https://studfile.net/preview/16690383/

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