Материал: Scientific Herald of the Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Scientific Herald of the Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Construction and Architecture

References

1.Artamonova, O. V. Koncepcii i osnovaniya texnologij nanomodificirovaniya struktur stroitel'nyx kompozitov. Ch. 1: obshhie problemy fundamental'nosti, osnovnye napravleniya issledovanij i razrabotok / O. V. Artamonova, E. M. Chernyshov // Stroitel'nye materialy. — 2013. — № 9. — S. 82—95.

2.Chernyshov, E. M. Avtoklavnoe sinteznoe tverdenie silikatnyx materialov: razvitie prostranstvennogeometricheskoj koncepcii strukturoobrazovaniya / E. M. Chernyshov, V. A. Popov // Dostizheniya stroitel'nogo materialovedeniya: sb. st. po materialam mezhdunar. nauch.-texn. konf. — SPb, 2004. — S. 32—39.

3.Pashhenko, A. A. Teoriya cementa / A. A. Pashhenko. — Kiev: Budivel'nik, 1991. — 168 s.

4.Granovskij, I. G. Strukturoobrazovanie v mineral'nyx vyazhushhix sistemax / I. G. Granovskij. — Kiev: Naukova dumka, 1984. — 300 s.

5.Vest, A. Ximiya tverdogo tela. Teoriya i prilozheniya: v 2-x ch.: per. s angl. / A. Vest. — M.: Mir, 1988. — Ch. 1: 558 s.; Ch. 2: 336 s.

6.Chernyshov, E. M. Koncepcii i osnovaniya texnologij nanomodificirovaniya struktur stroitel'nyx kompozitov. Ch. 2: K probleme konceptual'nyx modelej nanomodificirovaniya struktury / E. M. Chernyshov, O. V. Artamonova, G. S. Slavcheva // Stroitel'nye materialy. — 2014. — № 4. — S. 73—83.

7.Kashkarov, V. M. Khimicheskaya modifikatsiya poverkhnosti poristogo i profilirovannogo kremniya v rastvore akrilovoy kisloty / V.M. Kashkarov, A.S. Len'shin, P.V. Seredin, B.L. Agapov, V.N. Tsipenyuk // Poverkhnost'. Rentgenovskie, sinkhrotronnye i neytronnye issledovaniya. –– 2012. –– № 9. –– S. 80.

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TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION OF CONSTRUCTION

UDC 728.8

V. Ya. Mishhenko1, Ye. P. Gorbaneva2, Yoeun Rithy3, Fan Noot Lin4

APPLICATION OF THE FLOW METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION

OF URBAN LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN HOT CLIMATES

Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering Russia, Voronezh, tel.: +7 (4732) 76-40-08, e-mail: oseun@yandex.ru 1D. Sc. in Engineering, Prof., Head of Dept. of Construction Organization, Assessment and Management of Real Estate

2PhD in Engineering, Assoc. Prof. of Dept. of Construction Organization,

Assessment and Management of Real Estate

Ho Chi Minh City University of Architecture Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh, e-mail: oseun@yandex.ru 3Prof.

Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering Russia, Voronezh, tel.: (4732)76-40-08

4PhD student of Dept. of Construction Organization, Assessment and Management of Real Estate

Statement of the problem. The article is devoted to the planning of urban construction of low-rise residential development in climate and socio-geographical conditions of Cambodia.

Results. To search for rational organizational and technological solutions for the construction of lowrise residential projects a criteria is proposed that would ensure a minimum of time and finance for the construction. The paper also deals with modern trends of development of the typology of accommodation in Cambodia, the specific features of the construction in a tropical climate. Various methods of organizing construction and installation works, construction of diagrams of objects, as well as an algorithm for sequence development schedule line method, taking into account the organizational and technological relationship between the works and installations are considered.

Conclusions. The choice of rational variants of organizational and technological solutions of construction of low-rise residential buildings using the sequential algorithm development schedule line method, taking into account the criteria imposed makes planning and organizing of the construction of low-rise urban areas efficient.

Keywords: planning, construction, low-rise buildings, scheduling, methods of organization of work line method of work organization, organizational and technological parameters.

© Mischenko V. Ya., Gorbaneva Ye. P., Yoeun Rithy, Fan Noot Lin, 2016

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Scientific Herald of the Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Construction and Architecture

Introduction

Timely planning of low-rise construction is crucial for it to run smoothly and properly. The outcome of a construction firm’s job depends on how well-planned the work to be done is. Insufficient and untimely planning contributes to lower revenues through the entire construction planning. Therefore planning of low-rise urban construction considering modern trends in the housing of Cambodia needs to be addressed in order to identify the criteria for viable organizational and technologic solutions, to employ a range of methods of organizing construction and assembly as well as to design an algorithm for developing a calendar schedule by means of linear scheduling method.

1. Features of the construction of low-rise buildings in the climatic and geographical conditions of Cambodia. Modern tendencies in the housing architecture of Cambodia and abroad are intrinsically connected with social economic and political conditions. Particular housing standards are characteristic of each historic epoch. A housing standard are living conditions that are deemed standard at a particular point of time. A housing standard is stipulated by the housing legislation, construction standards and housing distribution, traditions, customs and public perceptions. Therefore processes in the housing construction are imperatives for social housing aspirations. Obviously, some people’s living conditions are insufficient. Therefore there is housing problem and policy to be addressed by the state.

Modern tendencies in the development of types of housing in Cambodia and abroad involve a shift from types of housing of the epoch of small-scale industry to that of large-scale industry. The following features of architectural organization of housing are crucial:

1)an increase in the number of high-rise buildings, a shift from lowto high-rise housing especially in cities;

2)location of residential buildings in vacant spaces inside the city and reconstruction area;

3)developed functional program of housing network including shared and private premises –– a guest’s room, dining room, study, toilet and bathroom in each living space, healthy block, etc., larger and better-equipped premises;

4)active role of the layout of apartments or houses played by open spaces such as terraces as well as terraces with pools, driveways, winter gardens, greenhouses, recreational areas, etc.;

5)designing areas for recreation, service and self-service depending on tenants’ demands;

6)combine planning structures dominating low-rise construction;

7)use of monolith concrete with different envelope structures of brick, small blocks of lightweight concrete as the major material for load-carrying structures.

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There is an emerging shift to minimum standards providing decent living conditions. In social organization of construction there is now a tendency for cooperations based on private homeownership and social ownership (condominium). A shift for construction firms designing, producing building materials and constructing housing holds a great promise for the construction industry.

Special features of low-rise construction are also that the customer (individual) has certain demands, i.e.:

––minimum costs for maintaining a living a space. Therefore it is necessary to seek out construction and technology solutions that are energy and (or) heat saving. Heat losses of enveloping structures must be not over those specified in the Building Guidelines and Regulations;

––the delivered quality of the work should be up or live up to that expected. This gave rise to the term “Western-style renovation”;

––construction cost must be kept to a minimum. This makes it necessary to search for technological and organizational solutions involving minimum material;

––construction of living spaces (especially not for sale) must be completed by the summertime (March-June), i.e. before the property market gets too busy.

These make it necessary to look for solutions to provide quality in compliance with the customer’s demands and wishes.

One of these is also choice of construction solutions for low-rise buildings where the outcome would be energy sustainable and the corresponding technology costand resource-effective. This is particularly important that due to a shift of housing priorities to low-rise buildings there is a growing demand and thus supply for different construction, material and technological solutions involved in their construction. Based on that there is a need for evaluating these supply in terms of materials as well as technology. This concerns those for enveloping structures (wall, roofs), partitions, floors, finishing, etc. Current priorities are wall options that accounts for 60% of the entire construction costs.

Another pressing issue is search for technologies and organization of low-rise buildings that would involve minimum time and to financially benefit for the customer and contractor, i.e. construction should cut down on prime costs and generate sufficient rent revenue.

2. Planning construction and assembly using linear scheduling method. For a rational search for technology and organization solutions for low-rise buildings to keep the time and cost to a minimum and financially benefit the customer and contractor (i.e. lower prime costs and higher rent revenues), it is necessary to address calculation and optimization of construction. Graph models as linear calendar graphs, cyclograms and net graphs are increasingly used in organizational and technological planning. These are planning documents where based on

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Scientific Herald of the Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Construction and Architecture

construction and assembly and adopted technologies and organizational solutions low-rise construction is specified in terms of sequence and time. The time is planned as a result of rationalizing the time of performing individual work based on the content, amount of major resources, primarily construction teams and leading mechanisms as well as specific conditions of construction areas, particular sites and other significant factors.

Any set of construction operations can be performed using different combinations of works in time and space as well as different economic and technological levels. Therefore dealing with all possible options of organizing a set of construction procedures to compare and select the most viable one for particular construction conditions is of tremendous interest.

The model of calendar planning is essential to its method. This organization method is central to the sequencing of work in time and space.

The organization methods are determined by:

––dynamics of intensity of construction procedures;

––degree of their combination in time;

––restrictions on the interaction of particular procedures in one area.

Constant and random intensity of works is the major classifier that breaks the organization down into three differently significant groups (Fig. 1). A degree of their combination is the main criterion that determines the overall method of organizing construction.

Fig. 1. Methods of organizing construction

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