Материал: Апсе ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 2014

1.40

K∞

1.30

LWR-UOX

1.20

72%Np+5.6% Pu+22.4% Pu

1.10

239

76%Np+24% Pu

1.00

Fig. 6.19. Dependencies of K∞ on fuel burn-up (% HM) for various fuel compositions

It’s a factor for internationalization of Nuclear Energy System fuel cycle. Since fuel cycles under consideration here are “rich” with respect to excess neutron generation in CFR, there is no necessity to perform fine purification of spent fuel by the SNF reprocessing technologies. It’s a factor of enhancement of NFC proliferation protection.

Application of NPP with ultra long-life core concepts is expected to be profitable for electricity generation in the developing countries which have not improved nuclear infrastructure.

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Control questions to Chapter 6

1. What methods can be used to prevent diversion of fissile NM from

peaceful to military purposes?

2. What properties of 231Pa and 232U make it possible to use these isotopes for uranium proliferation protection?

3.What properties of 237Np and 238Pu make it possible to use these isotopes for plutonium proliferation protection?

4.What advantages can be offered by power reactors with ultra-high fuel burn-up for nuclear non-proliferation regime?

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12.Serber R. The Los Alamos Primer: the first lectures on how to build an atomic bomb. – University of California Press, 1 992.

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16.Kryuchkov E.F., Tsvetkov P.V., Shmelev A.N., et al. Isotopic uranium and plutonium denaturing as an effective method for nuclear fuel proliferation protection in open and closed fuel cycles. - Chapter 14 in the monograph “Nuclear Power Deployment, Operation and Sustainability”, INTECH Open Access Publisher, 2011, pp. 3 31-362.

17.Heising-Goodman C.D. An Evaluation of the Plutonium Denaturing Concept as an Effective Safeguards Method. - Nuclear Technology, 1980, Volume 50, pp. 242-251.

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20.Kulikov E.G., Shmelev A.N., Apse V.A., et al. Mathematical models for quantitative evaluations of fissile materials proliferation protection. – Communications of Higher Schools. Nuclear P ower Engineering, 2010, No. 2, pp. 184-195.

21.Kulikov E.G., Apse V.A., Kulikov G.G., et al. Non-stationary mathematical model for evaluation of plutonium proliferation protection. – Nuclear Physics and Engineering, 2011, Volu me 2, No. 1, pp. 46-54.

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