Материал: Глебова Е.И. - Английский язык для медицинских специалистов, 2012

4.In the large intestine water absorption and waste products elimination take place.

5.The pancreas is an endocrine gland of the body.

GRAMMAR

Task 5. Find verbs with prepositions underlined in the textand complete the table.

 WORD-BUILDING

Task 6. Complete the table with suitable words.

50

saliva

duodenum

 WORK IN PAIRS

Task 7. Ask your partner about any medical terms relating to the topic and answer his/her questions.

Example 1. A: How do you say экзокринная железа in English? B: It’s exocrine gland.

Example 2. A: What does small intestine mean? B: It means тонкий кишечник.

Task 8. Complete the sentences.

1.The gastrointestinal tract consists of …

2.The process of digestion begins in …

3.The next part of the gastrointestinal tract is …

4.The stomach contains such parts as …

5.There are two sphincters of the stomach …

6.The intestine is divided into …

7.The small intestine is responsible for …

8.The large intestine is responsible for …

9.The hepatobiliary system includes …

10.The pancreas is …

Task 9. Discuss any information you know about the topic with a partner.

51

2.Gastritis

VOCABULARY and PRONUNCIATION

Task 1. Read out.

 READING and SPEAKING

Task 2. Warm-up discussion.

Why do you think gastritis is so widespread among people of different ages? What recommendations should we follow to decrease its incidence?

Task 3. Read the text and answer the questions.

Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach or gastric mucosa. The word comes from the Greek gastro- meaning of the stomach and -itis meaning inflammation. This disease may persist acutely or chronically, depending on the cause.

Acute gastritis is caused by the ingestion of food contaminated with disease-causing microorganisms or food that is irritating or too highly seasoned, the overuse of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, excessive alcohol intake, bile reflux, or radiation therapy.

52

Chronic gastritis is caused by benign or malignant ulcers or by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori; may also be caused by autoimmune diseases, dietary factors, medications, alcohol, smoking, or reflux.

Symptoms of gastritis can be related to the underlying cause. In acute gastritis, the patient complains of abdominal discomfort, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and possibly hiccupping. Patients with chronic gastritis experience such symptoms as upper abdominal pain or discomfort, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, heartburn after eating, or sour taste in the mouth. The doctor should carefully monitor for signs of hemorrhagic gastritis like hematemesis, tachycardia, and hypotension.

In suspected cases, a doctor usually orders gastroscopy to determine gastritis and related conditions such as peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. It is always important that the doctor reviews a patient’s history regarding medications, alcohol intake, smoking, and other factors that can be associated with gastritis. In some cases, the appearance of the stomach lining seen during gastroscopy is reliable in determining gastritis and the cause. However, the most reliable method is doing a biopsy during gastroscopy and checking for histological characteristics of gastritis and infection (Helicobacter infection).

The treatment usually consists of removing the irritant or the infection. Antibiotics (Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin), proton pump inhibitors and bismuth salts may be prescribed.

In cases of acute gastritis, foods and fluids should be withheld until symptoms subside, followed by clear liquids, and then solid food is introduced. The patient should avoid irritating foods, fluids, and other substances such as spicy and highly seasoned foods, caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine.

1.What are the causes of acute gastritis?

2.What are the main reasons of chronic gastritis?

53

3.Describe the symptoms of gastritis.

4.What method is the most reliable in making a diagnosis?

5.How to treat gastritis?

6.What is the purpose for prescribing antibiotics?

7.What are the other drugs that could be successfully prescribed?

8.What food is to be avoided in gastritis?

Task 4. Are these statements true (T) or false (F)? If the statement is false, correct the statement.

1.Gastritis is an inflammation of the intestinal mucosa.

2.Symptoms of gastritis are lower abdominal pain and diarrhea.

3.The doctor should ask the patient about dietary irregularities, medications, alcohol intake, smoking, stress and other factors.

4.Histological characteristics and determining Helicobacter pylori infection help confirm the diagnosis.

5.Spicy food is allowed for patients after relieving the symptoms.

GRAMMAR

Task 5. Find gerends in the text and complete the table.

54