Материал: Глебова Е.И. - Английский язык для медицинских специалистов, 2012

younger children it affects twice as many boys than girls. Asthma is often caused by an allergic reaction to an environmental allergen, may be seasonal or year round. The allergic condition may lead to bronchospasm. When there is a little response to the treatment, this condition transfers into status asthmaticus.

According to the severity of the disease, it could be classified as mild, moderate, and severe. During an asthmatic attack, the patient suffers from agony: he pants, wheezes, coughs and expectorates. This reaction occurs because oxygen cannot pass through the constricted air passage. Constriction results from swelling, sputum production and bronchospasm itself.

Such attacks alternate with symptom-free periods. Practically any factor can trigger an attack: hot, cold, wet weather, pollen or dust. That is why many patients get an attack when they go to bed. In this case, attack is triggered by the dust from the pillow. Sunshine, cold water for bathing or drinking, excessive exercises, flowers, some fruit and vegetables may be taboo. It is also known about asthma caused by aspirin intake.

In severe asthma the body becomes weak, unable to withstand any kind of exertion. Even taking a rest or sleeping becomes impossible and the nights are spent in sitting or semisitting position because of breathing difficulties.

There are plenty of drugs for asthma such as bronchodilators, glucocorticosteroids, and other modern drugs. These medications usually give only temporary relief, if at all. After taking a drug the constricted air passages are dilated, but once the effect of the drug wanes, the attack starts again. Thus, it becomes a life-long suffering.

Asthma is not a disease that can be cured because it is a pathological reaction of the body to certain foreign matters. So, the treatment should be aimed at strengthening of the respiratory system. Experiments conducted

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by many institutes have shown that yoga might help those with prolonged history of asthma.

1.How can asthma be classified?

2.List the mechanisms of bronchoconstriction.

3.What is the position of an asthmatic patient at night?

4.Why do these attacks occur?

5.What may trigger asthma attacks?

6.What may relieve asthma attacks?

7.What antiasthmatic drugs do you know?

8.What is to be used as a very effective treatment for patients with prolonged history of asthma?

Task 4. Are these statements true (T) or false (F)? If the statement is false, correct the statement.

1.Asthma is an allergic disease.

2.The main mechanism of asthmatic attack is bronchodilation.

3.Aspirin intake may cause severe asthmatic attack.

4.Asthma may be treated with bronchodilators and corticosteroids.

5.Yoga might help some people with asthma if practiced regularly.

GRAMMAR

Task 5. Find some verb patterns underlined in the text and complete the table on your own.

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Check your vocabulary

acid-base balance [ˌæsɪd 'beɪs ˌbæləns] – кислотно-основное состояние acinus ['æsɪnəs] – ацинус (легочный мешочек)

acute bronchitis [əˌkjuːt brɔŋ'kaɪtɪs] – острый бронхит alveolar duct [ˌælvɪ'əulə dʌkt] – альвеолярный проток alveolar sac [ˌælvɪ'əulə sæk] – альвеолярный мешочек alveolus [ˌælvɪ'əuləs] (Pl: alveoli) – альвеола asthmatic attack [æsˌmætɪk ə'tæk] – приступ астмы bacterium [bæk'tɪərɪəm] (Pl: bacteria) – бактерия branch [brɑːnʧ] – ветвь, делиться

breath [breθ] (breathing) ['briːðɪŋ] – дыхание breathe [briːð] – дышать

breathlessness ['breθəsnəs] – одышка, диспноэ

bronchial asthma [ˌbrɔŋkɪəl 'æsmə] – бронхиальная астма bronchiole ['brɔŋkɪəul] – бронхиола

bronchodilator [ˌbrɒŋkəʊdaɪ'leɪtə] – бронходилятатор, препарат, расширяющий бронхи

bronchospasm ['broŋkəʊspæz(ə)m] – бронхоспазм bronchus ['brɔŋkəs] (Pl: bronchi) – бронх

carbon dioxide [ˌkɑːbən daɪ'ɔksaɪd] – углекислый газ chest X-ray ['ʧest ˌeksreɪ] – рентген грудной клетки chill [ʧɪl] – озноб

chronic bronchitis [ˌkrɔnɪk brɔŋ'kaɪtɪs] – хронический бронхит

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ˌkrɔnɪk əbˌstrʌktɪv 'pʌlmən(ə)rɪ dɪˌziːz] –

хроническое обструктивное заболевание легких cilium ['sɪlɪəm] (Pl: cilia) – ресничка(и)

cold [kəuld] – простуда

complete blood cell count [kəmˌpliːt 'blʌd sel kaunt] – общий анализ крови constrict [kən'strɪkt] – сужать(ся)

constriction [kən'strɪkʃən] – сужение

contract ['kɔntrækt] – 1. заболеть; сокращать(ся) cough [kɔf] – кашель, кашлять

cure [kjuə] – излечивать diaphragm ['daɪəfræm] – диафрагма

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dilate [daɪ'leɪt] – расширять(ся)

dilation (dilatation) [daɪ'leɪʃ(ə)n] – расширение enter ['entə] – попадать, проникать

epiglottis [ˌepɪ'glɔtɪs] – надгортанник

erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ˌɪrɪθrəusaɪt ˌsedɪmen'teɪʃ(ə)n reɪt] – скорость оседания эритроцитов

exhale [eks'heɪl] (breathe out) – делать выдох expand [ɪk'spænd] – расправлять(ся)

expectorate [ɪk'spektəreɪt] – отхаркивать, откашливать (мокроту) expiration [ˌekspə'reɪʃ(ə)n] – выдох

false cords [ˌfɔːls 'kɔːdz] – ложные голосовые связки fever ['fiːvə] – лихорадка

filter ['fɪltə] – очищать

flu [fluː] (influenza) [ˌɪnflu'enzə] – грипп gas exchange [ˌgæs 'ɪks'ʧeɪnʤ] – газообмен

get infection – приобрести инфекцию, заразиться glottis ['glɔtɪs] – голосовая щель

humidify [hjuː'mɪdɪfaɪ] – увлажнять inhale [ɪn'heɪl] (breathe in) – делать вдох inspiration [ˌɪnsp(ə)'reɪʃ(ə)n] – вдох

intercostal muscle [ˌɪntəˌkɔst(ə)l 'mʌsl] – межреберная мышца larynx ['lærɪŋks] – гортань

left main bronchus [left meɪn 'brɔŋkəs] – левый главный бронх lobe [ləub] – доля

lobar bronchus [ˌləʊbə 'brɔŋkəs] – долевой бронх lower airway [ˌləuə 'eəweɪ] – нижние дыхательные пути lower lobe [ˌləuə 'ləub] – нижняя доля

lower respiratory tract [ˌləuə rɪ'spɪrət(ə)rɪ ˌtrækt] (lower airway) – нижние дыхательные пути

lubricate ['luːbrɪkeɪt] – смазывать lung [lʌŋ] – легкое

middle lobe [ˌmɪdl 'ləub] – средняя доля

mild [maɪld] – легкий (о степени тяжести заболевания) moderate ['mɔd(ə)rət] – средний (о степени тяжести заболевания)

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