Материал: Практикум по грамматике, чтению и переводу с английского языка Новосибирск 2008 Оглавление

Глаголы to be, to have………………………………………………………..06

Времена глагола группы Indefinite (Active и Passive Voice)……………...07

Вопросительные и отрицательные предложения………………………….07

Текст «The electronic age»…………………………………………………...09

Словообразование глагол-существительное………………………………12

Unit 2

Времена глагола группы Continuous (Active и Passive Voice)……………14

Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий…………………………...15

Конструкции as…as, such…as, not so …as…………………………………17

Текст “Communications electronics”………………………………………...18

Словообразование существительных, прилагательных и наречий………20

Unit 3

Времена глагола группы Perfect. Active and Passive Voice……………….23

Относительные местоимения……………………………………………….25

Относительные наречия……………………………………………………..25

Текст «The discovery of cathode rays»………………………………………25

Словообразование. Префиксы……………………………………………...27

Unit 4

Повторение времен английского языка……………………………………31

Модальные глаголы…………………………………………………………31

Функции слов it, one и that………………………………………………….32

Текст «The invention of the transistor»………………………………………33

Фразовые глаголы: bring и turn……………………………………………..37

Unit 5

Инфинитив, формы и функции……………………………………………. 38

Наречия too и enough………………………………………………………..40

Текст «Electrons in atoms»…………………………………………………..41

Словообразование. Суффиксы -en, -ise, -ify и префикс en- …………….. 46

Предлоги in, on, to, from, for, of, with………………………………………46

Unit 6

Сложное подлежащее……………………………………………………….47

Cложное дополнение………………………………………………………..48

Инфинитивный оборот с предлогом for……………………………………49

Текст «Analogue and digital displays»……………………………………… 52

Значения слов either, neither и их сочетаний………………………………56

Unit 7

Причастие I (The Participle I)………………………………………………..57

Причастие II (The Participle II)……………………………………………...58

Независимый причастный оборот………………………………………….60

Текст «A new old idea»………………………………………………………61

Значения слова since………………………………………………………...65

Unit 8

Герундий (The Gerund)……………………………………………………...66

Герундиальный оборот (Gerundial constructions)………………………….68

Сравнение герундия и причастия…………………………………………..68

Сравнение инфинитива и герундия………………………………………...69

Текст «Analogue television basics»………………………………………….71

Unit 9

Условные предложения……………………………………………………..76

Значения слова provide……………………………………………………...79

Значения союзов unless, suppose, in case, on condition that, but for……….79

Словообразование. Префиксы. …………………………………………….80

Текст «The charge-coupled device»………………………………………….80

Unit 10

Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood)……………………...85

Сослагательное наклонение после безличных предложений…………….86

Сослагательное наклонение после глагола wish…………………………..88

Конструкции would rather и had better……………………………………...89

Текст: «Fibre optics communications»……………………………………….90

Список литературы……………………………………………………………..95

Предисловие

Данный практикум предназначен для студентов технических специальностей первого и второго курсов как для аудиторной, так и для самостоятельной работы.

Цели практикума – подготовить студентов к чтению специальной научно-технической литературы для извлечения информации, обучить грамматическим и лексическим явлениям, которые необходимы студентам для профессионального общения на английском языке, а также привить им навыки устной речи по специальной тематике. Практикум составлен на основе современных учебных пособий по английскому языку для технических специальностей. Тексты практикума взяты их оригинальных источников с учетом их информативности и соответствия научно-техническим достижениям и изложены по принципу возрастания трудности и постепенного усложнения языка и тематики. Преподаватель может использовать отдельные упражнения выборочно, в зависимости от уровня знаний студентов. Практикум состоит из 10 уроков. Каждый урок содержит предтекстовые упражнения для преодоления лексических и грамматических трудностей основного текста. Упражнения после текста даны для закрепления грамматического и лексического материала.
Unit I

Глаголы to be, to have
Времена английского глагола группы Indefinite Active, Passive
Вопросительные и отрицательные предложения
Текст «The electronic age»

5. Словообразование глагол-существительное (суффиксы –ment, -ion, -age)

I. Determine the meaning of the verb forms.
1. The sun shines by day and the moon by night. 2. Many thousand years ago the mainland of Europe stretched much farther west than now. 3. The ionosphere consists of several layers of ions and electrons. 4. His flight arrives at six o′clock tomorrow morning. 5. Janet works on her computer every day. 6. She left university six years ago. 7. Mr. Jones worked in a factory when he was younger. 8. The engineers will install a new equipment in the office tomorrow. 9. I′m sure we will win the competition. 10. Immediately after the First World War, electronics received a push that then gained strength. 11. In the history of mathematics Lobachevsky will always be one of the greatest scientists. 12. Tsiolkovsky devoted his whole life to the development of Russian science.
II. Put the sentences into Past and Future Indefinite adding the words yesterday, tomorrow, last/next year…

There are many technological universities in Novosibirsk.
This car uses a new sensor mechanism.
After lectures I go to the Internet Café.
My studies begin at eight o′clock.
Every faculty has its own computer center.

III. Fill in the verbs to be, to have in the right form.

1. The Moon … a natural satellite of the Earth.

2. There ….two kinds of electricity, positive and negative.

3. The second half of the 19^th century ….a period of rapid growth of electrical engineering.

4. Our university …old and new buildings.

5. Every faculty …its own computer center.

6. He …a wide experience in his speciality.

7. I…greatly interested in modern technology.

8. Mobile phones ….a great number of users nowadays.

9. In the past messages to and from Europe ….sent by ship.

10. Today the word “electronics” …in general usage.

IV. Explain the functions of the verbs to be, to have in the sentences.

The Moon is devoid of atmosphere or water. 2. Electricity and magnetism are closely connected. 3. Our library has a great number of books and magazines in all branches of science and technology. 4. Major developments in the field of communications and control have been the replacement of analogue systems with digital systems. 5. This problem is of great importance. 6. The speed of an electric car was not high. 7. These laboratories have modern equipment. 8. These laboratories have to buy modern equipment. 9. That part of the country has become a highly industrial one. 10. The quality of these metal parts is to be very high.

V. Compare sentences in active and passive. Translate them.

Students asked the lecturer many questions. The lecturer was asked many questions. 2. Students watched the process with great attention. The process was watched with great attention. 3. Practice accompanies theory. Theory is accompanied by practice. 4. Mobile phones brought about great changes in people′s daily lives. Great changes in people′s daily lives were brought about by mobile phones. 5. In our country the law protects land. In Russia land is protected by the law. 6. Pictures were transmitted over telephone by sound signals. Sound signals transmitted pictures over telephone. 7. Scientists will make a series of experiments. A series of experiments will be made by scientists.

VI. Change the sentences from active to passive.

I hope they will complete the repairs soon. 2. We will describe all the directions thoroughly. 3. The manager sent them the fax last night. 4. Aluminium is a valuable metal. You can use it again and again. Because you can recycle this metal, nobody should throw away aluminium cans. 5. James Watt invented in 1776 the rotary engine for driving various types of machinery. 6. Television and movie production use professional video cameras. 7. Computers help to solve many complex problems. 8. Lomonosov founded Moscow University. 9. The scientist told about the results of his research work at the conference. 10. The answering machine will record our message.

VII. Make questions for the following sentences.

He entered the University last year. 2. My sister studies at the University. 3. The study of theory is accompanied by practical training. 4. The diagrams were brought by our monitor. 5. A new laboratory was opened last year. 6. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. 7. We shall discuss this question at the meeting tomorrow. 8. A wide range of facilities is used for this modern personal communication device. 9. Enormous amounts of information are carried by pulses of laser light reflected from the inside wall of the fibre. 10. The development of science is closely connected with the development of higher education.

VIII. Put the sentences in negative and interrogative form, using the words in brackets.

Amber has the power to attract small pieces of dust and fluff. (What)
That problem was discussed at our meeting. (Where)
Moscow university was founded by Lomonosov. (Who)
The electronic industry produces several types of minicomputers. (What)
Guglielmo Marconi realized the first long distance transmissions and founded the first commercial organization devoted to the development and use of radio. (What)
Fully automatic cellular networks were first introduced in the early to mid-1980s (the 1G). (When)
Modern communications owes its existence to the evolution in digital electronics. (What)
Computers are increasingly used for solving complex problems as well as for storing and generating the enormous volume of data. (What)
Electronic engineers design circuits to perform specific tasks. (Why)
Control systems are used extensively in aircraft and ships, in military fire control systems, in automated manufacturing , and in robotics. (Where)

IX. Read the text. Choose the right form of the verbs in brackets.
Computer electronics

Compared with the first computers of the 1940s, today′s computers (show/shows) the dramatic advances in electronics. Power-hungry, room-sized and unreliable, these early computers (were replaced/ replaced) by a variety of compact, efficient and versatile microcomputers such as laptops.

Computers (owe/owes) their efficiency and compactness to the development of the silicon chip. Instead of being based on thermionic valves, today′s computers (depend/depended) on the processing power of the silicon chip. This is a small piece of silicon on which incredibly complex yet tiny miniaturized circuits (integrate/are integrated) by photographic and chemical processes. Perhaps the best known of these chips (is/are) the Pentium microprocessors made by Intel and the Power PC microprocessors developed by Apple, Motorola, and IBM. The microprocessor (is/was) the most complex silicon chip made today.

X. Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.
1. This program (run) by very good managers. 2. Many students (use) the Internet. 3. Electronics (be) an essential part of modern control systems. 4. Every day millions – probably billions of e-mails (send) round the world. 5. In modern Earth-based telephone and data transmission systems, hair-thin glass fibers (use) instead of conventional wires. 6. Radar (detect) things at a distance by bouncing radio waves off them. 7. Electronic engineering (deal) with the research, design, integration, and application of circuits and devices used in the transmission and processing of information. 8. This work (finish) in two days. 9. The lecture on chemistry (attend) by many students yesterday. 10. The village (connect) with the town by a railway line.
XI. Fill each gap with one word. The missing words can be: articles, auxiliary verbs, prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions, etc. There is an example (0).
Can you remember where you 0) were when the first text message 1) …….sent in the UK? You can′t? I′m not surprised. It is an unpredictable world, and nothing 2)……less predicted than the rise of text messaging. It came from nowhere to become 3)……fastest growing phenomenon 4)….recent times.

Over 2 million text messages are sent 5)…..hour in the UK. The mobile phone industry claims 6)…….95% of them arrive within 10 seconds in normal circumstances. Texting has opened up an entirely new area 7)……communication that didn`t exist before – brief messages for which there 8)…. a huge demand but which don`t need the fuss of a written letter.

Texting has become a means 9)….parents to maintain contact with 10) …..children, for grandparents to bond with grandchildren, for television to interact with the audience. It 11)….a marketing tool of huge potential for companies which, for the first time, can build up profiles of individual users and target them 12)….special offers.

Texting has not been successful simply because it enables you to communicate 13)….others 14)…..phone without speaking, 15)…..because it is brief and no one expects any of the usual formalities. Its simplicity may ensure its long life.

Источник: https://files.student-it.ru/previewfile/256648

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